湘西苗语的连动结构
|
摘要
本文基于第一手材料,从连动结构与域内论元的制约关系、语义原则、语法化等视角对湘西苗语的连动结构进行分析,揭示了湘西苗语连动结构的几个特点:连动结构不受动词及物性的制约;域内论元共享;连动结构是体现事件时间顺序的句法语义构式;连动结构是动词语法化的重要句法环境。认为湘西苗语连动结构发达与形态不发达、分析性强相关,连动结构发达与形态缺乏存在倾向性的蕴含共性。
Based on the first-hand materials,this paper reveals some characteristics of the serial verb construction of the Miao language in western Hunan province of China:the serial verb construction is not restricted by transitivity;the internal argument is shared;the serial verb structure is a syntactic and semantic structure that reflects the chronological order of events;the serial verb construction is an important syntactic environment for the grammaticalization of verbs.It is believed that the widespread of the serial verb construction of the Miao language in western Hunan province is closely related to its under-developed morphology and good analyticity,the widespread of the serial verb construction and the lack of morphology have a tendency of containing commonality.
Based on the first-hand materials,this paper reveals some characteristics of the serial verb construction of the Miao language in western Hunan province of China:the serial verb construction is not restricted by transitivity;the internal argument is shared;the serial verb structure is a syntactic and semantic structure that reflects the chronological order of events;the serial verb construction is an important syntactic environment for the grammaticalization of verbs.It is believed that the widespread of the serial verb construction of the Miao language in western Hunan province is closely related to its under-developed morphology and good analyticity,the widespread of the serial verb construction and the lack of morphology have a tendency of containing commonality.
引文
(1)文中湘西苗语的语料以湘西矮寨话为调查点,该点的苗语是作者的母语;文山苗语和泰国苗语为作者调查所得,文中均不标出处。
(2)Alexandra Y.Aikhenvald and R.M.W.Dixon.Serial Verb Constructions:A Cross-Linguistic Typology[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006:1.
(1)李一如.黔东苗语的连动结构[J].贵州大学学报(社会科学版),2016,(5).
(2)王辅世.苗语简志[M].北京:民族出版社,1985.
(3)余金枝.湘西矮寨苗语参考语法[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2011.
(4)姬安龙.苗语台江话参考语法[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2012.
(5)李云兵.苗语动词的句法语义属性研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2015.
(6)我们认为袁毓林(袁毓林.论元角色的层级关系和语义特征[J].世界汉语教学,2002,(3).)对域内核心论元和外围论元的分类基本符合湘西苗语的语言事实,故将湘西苗语的域内核心论元分为受事论元、结果论元、对象论元、与事论元等,外围论元包括范围论元、终点论元、源点论元、场所论元等。
(1)湘西苗族的工具论元存在视为核心论元和外围论元的两可性,因为工具格标记和动词“拿”的语音形式相同,都是k44。在例11)中,k44存在一定程度的语法化,[+抓取]的语义特征消失,但[+掌控]的语义特征犹存,从母语人的语感看,视为动词也未尝不可。
(2)戴浩一.时间顺序和汉语的语序[J].国外语言学,1988,(1).
(1)k44存在视为实义动词“拿”或处置标记“把”的两可性。
(1)参见Alexandra Y.Aikhenvald和R.M.W.Dixon的《Serial Verb Constructions:A Cross——Linguistic Typology》(2006)第1章和第16章.
(2)曾思奇.台湾阿眉斯语语法[M].北京:中央民族学院出版社,1991:225~226.
(3)何汝芬,曾思奇,等.高山族语言简志·布嫩语简志[M].北京:民族出版社,1986:128.
(2)Alexandra Y.Aikhenvald and R.M.W.Dixon.Serial Verb Constructions:A Cross-Linguistic Typology[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006:1.
(1)李一如.黔东苗语的连动结构[J].贵州大学学报(社会科学版),2016,(5).
(2)王辅世.苗语简志[M].北京:民族出版社,1985.
(3)余金枝.湘西矮寨苗语参考语法[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2011.
(4)姬安龙.苗语台江话参考语法[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2012.
(5)李云兵.苗语动词的句法语义属性研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2015.
(6)我们认为袁毓林(袁毓林.论元角色的层级关系和语义特征[J].世界汉语教学,2002,(3).)对域内核心论元和外围论元的分类基本符合湘西苗语的语言事实,故将湘西苗语的域内核心论元分为受事论元、结果论元、对象论元、与事论元等,外围论元包括范围论元、终点论元、源点论元、场所论元等。
(1)湘西苗族的工具论元存在视为核心论元和外围论元的两可性,因为工具格标记和动词“拿”的语音形式相同,都是k44。在例11)中,k44存在一定程度的语法化,[+抓取]的语义特征消失,但[+掌控]的语义特征犹存,从母语人的语感看,视为动词也未尝不可。
(2)戴浩一.时间顺序和汉语的语序[J].国外语言学,1988,(1).
(1)k44存在视为实义动词“拿”或处置标记“把”的两可性。
(1)参见Alexandra Y.Aikhenvald和R.M.W.Dixon的《Serial Verb Constructions:A Cross——Linguistic Typology》(2006)第1章和第16章.
(2)曾思奇.台湾阿眉斯语语法[M].北京:中央民族学院出版社,1991:225~226.
(3)何汝芬,曾思奇,等.高山族语言简志·布嫩语简志[M].北京:民族出版社,1986:128.