民国时期湟水流域的主要气象灾害及其原因
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摘要
湟水流域是青海省内开发历史最早的地区,也是本省最为重要的基本农业区。由于特殊的地理环境,加之数千年的持续开发,民国时期这一地区的环境已经逐渐趋于恶化,自然灾害频率增加,灾害种类繁杂多样,灾害程度不断加剧。该时期自然灾害频发,既有该流域独特的地质与气象原因,也是人类持续开发,环境不断破坏的恶果。
The Huangshui River Basin is the earliest developed area and the most important basic agricultural area in Qinghai Province.Due to the special geographical environment and the continuous exploitation for thousands of years,the environment of this region has gradually deteriorated during the period of the Republic of China.The frequency of natural disasters has increased and the types of disasters are very diverse and the degree of disasters has continuously increased.The frequent occurrence of natural disasters in the Huangshui River Basin in the Republic of China has unique geological and meteorological reasons for the basin,as well as the consequences of human continuous exploitation and destruction of the environment.
The Huangshui River Basin is the earliest developed area and the most important basic agricultural area in Qinghai Province.Due to the special geographical environment and the continuous exploitation for thousands of years,the environment of this region has gradually deteriorated during the period of the Republic of China.The frequency of natural disasters has increased and the types of disasters are very diverse and the degree of disasters has continuously increased.The frequent occurrence of natural disasters in the Huangshui River Basin in the Republic of China has unique geological and meteorological reasons for the basin,as well as the consequences of human continuous exploitation and destruction of the environment.
引文
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(1)由于是全省政治、经济、人口中心,历史时期,人们对湟水流域自然灾害的关注度远远超过本省其他地区,这也使得湟水流域灾害记载远多于其他地区。
[2]文忠祥.青海东部农业区气象灾害分析[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998(01):46-49.
[3]青海省社会处.青海灾情实况(民国卅七年元月至九月)影印本[M].西宁:青海省图书馆藏.
[4]青海省文物管理处考古队,中国科学院考古研究所青海队.青海乐都柳湾原始社会墓地反映出的主要问题[J].考古,1976,(06):365-377.
[5]崔永红.青海经济史[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,1998.
[6]范晔.后汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1965.
[7]班固.汉书[M]北京:中华书局,1962.
[8]欧阳修,范祈.新唐书[M].北京:中华书局,1975.
[9]张保见.民国时期青藏高原经济地理研究[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2011.
[10]青海省地方志编纂委员会.青海历史纪要[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,1987.
[11]青海省地方志编纂委员会.青海自然灾害[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,2003.
[12]青海省各县风土调查记[M].兰州:甘肃省图书馆藏,1959.
[13]马鹤天.甘青藏边区考察记[A].中国西北文献丛书[C].影印民国三十五年(1946)自序版.兰州:兰州古籍出版社,2008.
[14]侯鸿鉴,马鹤天.西北漫游记·青海考察记[M]甘肃人民出版社,2003.
[15]吕志松.解放前青海征收田赋的概况[A].青海省政协学习和文史委员会.青海文史资料集萃·工商经济卷[C].西宁:青海省政协学习和文史委员会,2001.
[16]陈赓雅.西北视察记[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,2003.
[17]青海省地方志编纂委员会.青海自然灾害[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,2003.
[18]温克刚,王莘.中国气象灾害大典(青海卷)[M].北京:气象出版社,2007.
[19]青海省地方志编纂委员会.青海省志·气象志[M].合肥:黄山书社,1996.
[20]马宗晋.灾害学导论[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,1998.
[21]崔永红,张得祖,杜常顺.青海通史[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,1999.
[22]陈新海.青海地区历史经济地理研究[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2011.
[23]顾执中,陆诒.到青海去[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2012.
(1)由于是全省政治、经济、人口中心,历史时期,人们对湟水流域自然灾害的关注度远远超过本省其他地区,这也使得湟水流域灾害记载远多于其他地区。