芦苇基生物炭的制备与活化方式比较研究
|
摘要
以典型人工湿地植物芦苇,作为研究对象,通过直接碳化、KOH活化和CO_2活化等方式制备高吸附性能的芦苇基生物炭材料,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、BET比表面积、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等表征方法分析了生物炭材料的表面、孔隙等物理化学特征.活化后的生物炭内部结构疏松、多孔,KOH活化碳材料的BET比表面积最高达965.31m~2·g~(-1)(650-K),而CO_2活化碳材料最高达到1 038.19m~2·g~(-1)(900-C),与碳化材料相比,分别提高了231.05倍和248.56倍,活化效果非常显著.利用制备的芦苇基生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝污染物(MB),650-K和900-C的吸附容量分别高达595.79和443.83mg·g~(-1),相比于碳化的生物炭,分别提高了139.47和91.08倍,650-K对于MB的去除率高达99.29%,吸附效果显著提高.与传统的湿地植物废弃物处置方式相比,本研究中制备生物炭材料技术具有一定的经济效益、环境效益和良好的应用前景.
Taking constructed wetland(CW)plant waste as the research object,reed-based biocharcoal materials with high adsorption properties were prepared by pyrolysis,KOH activation and CO_2 activation methods.Physical and chemical characterizations of the prepared bio-charcoal materials were conducted by scanning electron microscope(SEM),specific surface area(BET)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The internal structure of bio-charcoal was loose and porous,and the BET surface area of KOH activated bio-charcoal reached 965.31 m~2·g~(-1)(650-K),while the CO_2 activated bio-charcoal reached 1 038.19 m~2·g~(-1)(900-C).Compared with carbonized materials,they increased by 231.05 times and 248.56 times,respectively.The activation performance was very significant.Meanwhile,the prepared Bio-charcoal materials were used to adsorb a methylene blue(MB)pollutant.The adsorption capacity of 650-K and 900-C reached 595.79 and 443.83 mg·g~(-1).Compared with carbonized biochar,it increased by 139.47 and 91.08 times,respectively.The removal rate of 650-K for MB was up to 99.29%,and the adsorption performance was significantly improved.Compared with conventional CW waste disposal methods,the proposed method provides economic and environmental benefits and has promising prospects for real-world application.
Taking constructed wetland(CW)plant waste as the research object,reed-based biocharcoal materials with high adsorption properties were prepared by pyrolysis,KOH activation and CO_2 activation methods.Physical and chemical characterizations of the prepared bio-charcoal materials were conducted by scanning electron microscope(SEM),specific surface area(BET)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The internal structure of bio-charcoal was loose and porous,and the BET surface area of KOH activated bio-charcoal reached 965.31 m~2·g~(-1)(650-K),while the CO_2 activated bio-charcoal reached 1 038.19 m~2·g~(-1)(900-C).Compared with carbonized materials,they increased by 231.05 times and 248.56 times,respectively.The activation performance was very significant.Meanwhile,the prepared Bio-charcoal materials were used to adsorb a methylene blue(MB)pollutant.The adsorption capacity of 650-K and 900-C reached 595.79 and 443.83 mg·g~(-1).Compared with carbonized biochar,it increased by 139.47 and 91.08 times,respectively.The removal rate of 650-K for MB was up to 99.29%,and the adsorption performance was significantly improved.Compared with conventional CW waste disposal methods,the proposed method provides economic and environmental benefits and has promising prospects for real-world application.
引文
[1]董立新,王亚炜,白昊阳,等.河流治理与修复工程技术模式研究进展[J].环境保护科学,2017,43(2):7-13.DONG L X,WANG Y W,BAI H Y,et al.Progress in the study of the state-of-art for river remediation and restoration[J].Environmental Protection Science,2017,43(2):7-13.
[2]李盛结,胡振,张建.人工湿地植物管理与高价值利用综述[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(4):432-438.LI S J,HU Z,ZHANG J.Management and high-value utilization of constructed wetland plants:An overview[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2017,39(4):432-438.
[3]KICKUTH R.Degradation and incorporation of nutrients from rural waste waters by plant rhizosphere under limnic conditions[C]∥Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading.EUR 5672c,London,UK,1977,335-343.
[4]林静雯,吴丹,孙丽娜,等.牛粪生物炭吸附水中NH+4的影响因素及特性[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2016,28(3):186-190.LIN J W,WU D,SUN L N,et al.Characteristics ammonia nitrogen adsorption onto biochars derived from dairy manure and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2016,28(3):186-190.
[5]张本镔,刘运权,叶跃元.活性炭制备及其活化机理研究进展[J].现代化工,2014,34(3):34-39.ZHANG B B,LIU Y Q,YE Y Y.Progress in preparation of activated carbon and its activation mechanism[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2014,34(3):34-39.
[6]何娇,孔火良,韩进,等.秸秆生物质环境材料的制备及对水中多环芳烃的处理性能[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):135-139.HE J,KONG H L,HAN J,et al.Preparation method of stalk environmental biomaterial and its sorption ability for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(1):135-139.
[7]王宁,侯艳伟,彭静静,等.生物炭吸附有机污染物的研究进展[J].环境化学,2012,31(3):287-295.WANG N,HOU Y W,PENG J J,et al.Research progress on sorption of organic contaminants to biochar[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,31(3):287-295.
[8]李小川,王英刚,马溶涵,等.化学活化法制备造纸污泥碳质吸附剂优化条件及性能研究[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2017,29(4):304-313.LI X C,WANG Y G,MA R H,et al.Optimum conditions and application properties of activated carbon from paper sludge by chemical activation[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2017,29(4):304-313.
[9]IOANNIDOU O,ZABANIOTOU A.Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production:A review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2007,11(9):1966-2005.
[10]MOHAMMADI S,MIRGHAFFARI N.Optimization and comparison of Cd removal from aqueous solutions using activated and non-activated carbonaceous adsorbents prepared by pyrolysis of oily sludge[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2015,226(1):2237.
[11]魏海博,陈一民,白书欣.KOH活化法制备椰壳活性炭研究[J].广州化工,2012,40(14):101-104.WEI H B,CHEN Y M,BAI S X.Preparation of activated carbon from coconut shell by KOH[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2012,40(14):101-104.
[12]BHATNAGAR A,HOGLAND W,MARGUES M,et al.An overview of the modification methods of activated carbon for its water treatment applications[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,219(3):499-511.
[13]司洪宇,孙凯,李艳,等.CO2活化生物质水解残渣制备活性炭的正交实验[J].化工进展,2014,33(S1):141-144.SI H Y,SUN K,LI Y,et al.Orthogonal experimental study on activated carbon from biomass hydrolysis residues activated by carbon dioxide[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(S1):141-144.
[14]PENG C,ZHAI Y B,YUN Z,et al.Production of char from sewage sludge employing hydrothermal carbonization:Char properties,combustion behavior and thermal characteristics[J].Fuel,2016,176:110-118.
[15]CHIA C H,GONG B,JOSEPH S D,et al.Imaging of mineral-enriched biochar by FTIR,Raman and SEM-EDX[J].Vibrational Spectroscopy,2012,62(9):248-257.
[16]ZHANG B P,XIONG S J,XIAO B,et al.Mechanism of wet sewage sludge pyrolysis in a tubular furnace[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2011,36(1):355-363.
[17]季雪琴,吕黎,陈芬,等.秸秆生物炭对有机染料的吸附作用及机制[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1648-1654.JI X Q,LYU L,CHEN F,et al.Sorption properties and mechanisms of organic dyes by straw biochar[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1648-1654.
[2]李盛结,胡振,张建.人工湿地植物管理与高价值利用综述[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(4):432-438.LI S J,HU Z,ZHANG J.Management and high-value utilization of constructed wetland plants:An overview[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2017,39(4):432-438.
[3]KICKUTH R.Degradation and incorporation of nutrients from rural waste waters by plant rhizosphere under limnic conditions[C]∥Utilization of Manure by Land Spreading.EUR 5672c,London,UK,1977,335-343.
[4]林静雯,吴丹,孙丽娜,等.牛粪生物炭吸附水中NH+4的影响因素及特性[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2016,28(3):186-190.LIN J W,WU D,SUN L N,et al.Characteristics ammonia nitrogen adsorption onto biochars derived from dairy manure and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2016,28(3):186-190.
[5]张本镔,刘运权,叶跃元.活性炭制备及其活化机理研究进展[J].现代化工,2014,34(3):34-39.ZHANG B B,LIU Y Q,YE Y Y.Progress in preparation of activated carbon and its activation mechanism[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2014,34(3):34-39.
[6]何娇,孔火良,韩进,等.秸秆生物质环境材料的制备及对水中多环芳烃的处理性能[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):135-139.HE J,KONG H L,HAN J,et al.Preparation method of stalk environmental biomaterial and its sorption ability for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(1):135-139.
[7]王宁,侯艳伟,彭静静,等.生物炭吸附有机污染物的研究进展[J].环境化学,2012,31(3):287-295.WANG N,HOU Y W,PENG J J,et al.Research progress on sorption of organic contaminants to biochar[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,31(3):287-295.
[8]李小川,王英刚,马溶涵,等.化学活化法制备造纸污泥碳质吸附剂优化条件及性能研究[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2017,29(4):304-313.LI X C,WANG Y G,MA R H,et al.Optimum conditions and application properties of activated carbon from paper sludge by chemical activation[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2017,29(4):304-313.
[9]IOANNIDOU O,ZABANIOTOU A.Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production:A review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2007,11(9):1966-2005.
[10]MOHAMMADI S,MIRGHAFFARI N.Optimization and comparison of Cd removal from aqueous solutions using activated and non-activated carbonaceous adsorbents prepared by pyrolysis of oily sludge[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2015,226(1):2237.
[11]魏海博,陈一民,白书欣.KOH活化法制备椰壳活性炭研究[J].广州化工,2012,40(14):101-104.WEI H B,CHEN Y M,BAI S X.Preparation of activated carbon from coconut shell by KOH[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2012,40(14):101-104.
[12]BHATNAGAR A,HOGLAND W,MARGUES M,et al.An overview of the modification methods of activated carbon for its water treatment applications[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,219(3):499-511.
[13]司洪宇,孙凯,李艳,等.CO2活化生物质水解残渣制备活性炭的正交实验[J].化工进展,2014,33(S1):141-144.SI H Y,SUN K,LI Y,et al.Orthogonal experimental study on activated carbon from biomass hydrolysis residues activated by carbon dioxide[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2014,33(S1):141-144.
[14]PENG C,ZHAI Y B,YUN Z,et al.Production of char from sewage sludge employing hydrothermal carbonization:Char properties,combustion behavior and thermal characteristics[J].Fuel,2016,176:110-118.
[15]CHIA C H,GONG B,JOSEPH S D,et al.Imaging of mineral-enriched biochar by FTIR,Raman and SEM-EDX[J].Vibrational Spectroscopy,2012,62(9):248-257.
[16]ZHANG B P,XIONG S J,XIAO B,et al.Mechanism of wet sewage sludge pyrolysis in a tubular furnace[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2011,36(1):355-363.
[17]季雪琴,吕黎,陈芬,等.秸秆生物炭对有机染料的吸附作用及机制[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1648-1654.JI X Q,LYU L,CHEN F,et al.Sorption properties and mechanisms of organic dyes by straw biochar[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1648-1654.