生态湿地植物资源管理和利用途径刍议
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摘要
随着生态湿地技术在我国的规模化推广应用,湿地植物资源的管理和利用途径成为新的挑战。将湿地植物刈割并移至陆地生态系统是水体系统污染控制的终极途径之一。概述了在资源紧缺和环境污染双重背景下,湿地植物资源管理和利用的潜在途径。以南方某133.3 hm2规模化湿地为例进行估算,通过植物刈割,可以直接带走450kg/a磷、9 540 kg/a氮,从而避免潜在二次污染。总结了植物刈割的方法、参数及对湿地的影响。综述了刈割转移生物质的几种潜在后续利用方式:燃料、纤维、工业材料、饲料、肥料及生物炭等。指出在我国目前社会经济背景下,湿地生物质资源二次利用具有广阔的前景和深远的环保意义。
With the increasing application of ecological wetlands in China, the approaches to managing and utilizing massive wetlands macrophytes are becoming an urgent new practical challenge. Transferring the harvested wetland plants from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial ecosystems is one of the ultimate pathways of aquatic pollutants removal. This mini-review, as such, summarized the potential approaches of wetlands plants resources management and regenerative utilization, under the coupling circumstances of natural resource shortage and environmental pollution. As estimated in a 1.33 km2 wetland in South China, the plant harvesting can remove 450 kg phosphorus(P) and 9 540 kg nitrogen(N) per year directly from wetland system, thus avoiding the potential secondary pollution. The reaping methods, reaping season and frequency, and the effects of plant harvesting on the wetlands were compared and briefly reviewed. Several potential models of subsequent utilization of the harvested plant biomass such as being made into fuel, fiber, industrial production, fertilizer, fodder, and biochar were reviewed. The promising future and far-reaching environmental significance was emphasized on the secondary utilization of wetland bio-resources under the current socio-economic background.
With the increasing application of ecological wetlands in China, the approaches to managing and utilizing massive wetlands macrophytes are becoming an urgent new practical challenge. Transferring the harvested wetland plants from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial ecosystems is one of the ultimate pathways of aquatic pollutants removal. This mini-review, as such, summarized the potential approaches of wetlands plants resources management and regenerative utilization, under the coupling circumstances of natural resource shortage and environmental pollution. As estimated in a 1.33 km2 wetland in South China, the plant harvesting can remove 450 kg phosphorus(P) and 9 540 kg nitrogen(N) per year directly from wetland system, thus avoiding the potential secondary pollution. The reaping methods, reaping season and frequency, and the effects of plant harvesting on the wetlands were compared and briefly reviewed. Several potential models of subsequent utilization of the harvested plant biomass such as being made into fuel, fiber, industrial production, fertilizer, fodder, and biochar were reviewed. The promising future and far-reaching environmental significance was emphasized on the secondary utilization of wetland bio-resources under the current socio-economic background.
引文
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李旭,舒彩霞,黄海东,等.2010.高粗茎秆作物收割技术的研究进展[J].农机化研究,32(8):1-6
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徐艺露.2013.生物黑炭对土壤性质和土壤有机碳库的影响[D].上海:华东师范大学:3-4
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郑军,马欣堂,周岚,等.2011.饮用水源人工湿地运行初期水生植物繁衍研究[J].环境科学,32(8):2247-2253
郑潭.2012.弥苴河口湿地植物残体与底泥综合利用研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学:2-5
周定国.2009.农作物秸秆人造板的研究[J].中国工程科学,11(10):115-121
朱典想,郭东升.2009.木煤—极具发展潜力的新型能源[J].林业机械与木工设备,37(1):37-40
Baran M,Varadyova Z,Kracmar S,et al.2002.The common reed(Phragmites australis)as a source of roughage in ruminant nutrition[J].Acta Veterinaria Brno,71(4):445-449
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Escutia-Lara Y,Lara-Cabrera S,GomezRomero M,et al.2012.Common reed(Phragmites australis)harvest as a control method in a Neotropical wetland in Western Mexico[J].Hidrobiologica,22(2):125-131
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Headley T R,Tanner C C.2012.Constructed wetlands with floating emergent macrophytes:An innovative stormwater treatment technology[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,42(21):2261-2310
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Kask U,Kask L,Link S,2013/14.Combustion characteristics of reed and its suitability as a boiler fuel[J].Mires and Peat,13:Article 05:1-10
Kimura H,Tsuyuzaki S.2011.Fire severity affects vegetation and seed bank in a wetland[J].Applied Vegetation Science,14(3):350-357
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Mitsch W J,Gosselink J G.2015.Wetlands[M].5th ed.New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc:1-744
Olguin E J,Sanchez-Galvan G.2010.Aquatic phytoremediation:Novel insights in tropical and subtropical regions[J].Pure and Applied Chemistry,82(1):27-38
Patuzzi F,Mimmo T,Cesco S,et al.2013.Common reeds(Phragmites australis)as sustainable energy source:Experimental and modelling analysis of torrefaction and pyrolysis processes[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,5(4):367-374
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Rejmankova E,Houdkova K.2006.Wetland plant decomposition under different nutrient conditions:What is more important,litter quality or site quality?[J].Biogeochemistry,80(3):245-262
Saeed T,Sun G.2012.A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands:Dependency on environmental parameters,operating conditions and supporting media[J].Journal of Environmental Management,112:429-448
Schmidt M H,Lefebvre G,Poulin B,et al.2005.Reed cutting affects arthropod communities,potentially reducing food for passerine birds[J].Biological Conservation,121(2):157-166
Shelef O,Gross A,Rachmilevitch S.2013.Role of plants in a constructed wetland:Current and new perspectives[J].Water,5(2):405-419
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韩鲁佳,闫巧娟,刘向阳,等.2002.中国农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状[J].农业工程学报,18(3):87-91
李光日,付时雨,余惠生.2000.芦苇硫酸盐浆残余木素特性的研究[J].纤维素科学与技术,8(3):28-33
李静,尹澄清,王为东,等.2008.表流湿地冬季运行效果及植物腐烂影响的初步研究[J].农业环境科学学报,27(4):1482-1488
李旭,舒彩霞,黄海东,等.2010.高粗茎秆作物收割技术的研究进展[J].农机化研究,32(8):1-6
梁漱玉,刘树.2005.不同收割方式对芦苇生长发育的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,36(3):89-91
刘存歧,李昂,李博,等.2012.白洋淀湿地芦苇生物量及氮、磷储量动态特征[J].环境科学学报,32(6):1503-1511
刘冬,欧阳琰,林乃峰,等.2013.人工湿地植物能源化利用的机遇、挑战与展望[J].湿地科学与管理,9(4):65-68
刘鸿骄,侯亚红,王磊.2014.秸秆生物炭还田对围垦盐碱土壤的低碳化改良[J].环境科学与技术,37(1):75-80
刘秋华.2013.收割对湖滨湿地芦苇生长与氮磷去除的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学:2-4
鲁娟,刘增洪,司永兵,等.2007.芦苇的特性、开发利用及其防除方法[J].杂草科学,25(3):7-8,24
马华,陈秀芝,潘卉,等.2013.持续收割对上海九段沙湿地芦苇生长特征、生物量和土壤全氮含量的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,29(2):209-213
南雄雄.2010.关中平原田块尺度上秸秆还田对农田土壤肥力及周年生产力的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学:8-11
宁祖林,陈慧娟,王珠娜,等.2010.几种高大禾草热值和灰分动态变化研究[J].草业学报,19(2):241-247
沈亚强,魏宏斌,程旺大,等.2011.嘉兴市石臼漾水源生态湿地运行过程中植物多样性研究[J].环境科学,32(10):2883-2890
孙永明,李国学,张夫道,等.2005.中国农业废弃物资源化现状与发展战略[J].农业工程学报,21(8):169-173
王幸,王宗标,齐玉军,等.2014.保护性耕作研究与应用进展[J].江苏农业科学,42(5):3-7
吴淑杭,徐亚同,姜震方,等.2006.梦清园人工湿地芦苇的氮磷和生物量动态及其适宜收割期的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,25(6):1594-1597
肖体琼,何春霞,凌秀军,等.2010.中国农作物秸秆资源综合利用现状及对策研究[J].世界农业,(12):31-33,36
熊霞.2014.香蒲(Typha angustifolia)地上部合理收获及其肥料化利用技术[D].合肥:安徽大学:26-27
徐艺露.2013.生物黑炭对土壤性质和土壤有机碳库的影响[D].上海:华东师范大学:3-4
闫明,潘根兴,李恋卿,等.2010.中国芦苇湿地生态系统固碳潜力探讨[J].中国农学通报,26(18):320-323
叶碧碧.2011.洱海湖滨带挺水植物对湖体水环境影响及刈割参数研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学:4-5
尹澄清,邵霞,王星.1999.白洋淀水陆交错带土壤对氮磷截留容量的初步研究[J].生态学杂志,18(5):7-11
赵家荣.2002.芦苇和获的栽培与利用[M].北京:金盾出版社:114-117
郑军,马欣堂,周岚,等.2011.饮用水源人工湿地运行初期水生植物繁衍研究[J].环境科学,32(8):2247-2253
郑潭.2012.弥苴河口湿地植物残体与底泥综合利用研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学:2-5
周定国.2009.农作物秸秆人造板的研究[J].中国工程科学,11(10):115-121
朱典想,郭东升.2009.木煤—极具发展潜力的新型能源[J].林业机械与木工设备,37(1):37-40
Baran M,Varadyova Z,Kracmar S,et al.2002.The common reed(Phragmites australis)as a source of roughage in ruminant nutrition[J].Acta Veterinaria Brno,71(4):445-449
Brix H,Ye S Y,Laws E A,et al.2014.Large-scale management of common reed,Phragmites australis,for paper production:A case study from the Liaohe Delta,China[J].Ecological Engineering,73:760-769
Chimney M J,Pietro K C.2006.Decomposition of macrophyte litter in a subtropical constructed wetland in south Florida(USA)[J].Ecological Engineering,27(4):301-321
Escutia-Lara Y,Lara-Cabrera S,GomezRomero M,et al.2012.Common reed(Phragmites australis)harvest as a control method in a Neotropical wetland in Western Mexico[J].Hidrobiologica,22(2):125-131
Garcia J,Rousseau D P L,Morato J,et al.2010.Contaminant removal processes in sub surface-flow constructed wetlands:A review[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,40(7):561-661
Gingerich R T,Anderson J T.2011.Decomposition trends of five plant litter types in mitigated and reference wetlands in West Virginia,USA[J].Wetlands,31(4):653-662
Gusewell S.2003.Management of Phragmites australis in Swiss fen meadows by mowing in early summer[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,11(6),433-445
Haslam S M.2010.A Book of Reed:(Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steudel,formerly Phragmites communis Trin.)[M].Cardigan:Forrest Text:1-254
Headley T R,Tanner C C.2012.Constructed wetlands with floating emergent macrophytes:An innovative stormwater treatment technology[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,42(21):2261-2310
Janssen M A,Walker K F.1999.Processing of riparian and wetland plant litter in the River Murray,South Australia[J].Hydrobiologia,411:53-64
Jinadasa K B S N,Tanaka N,Sasikala S,et al.2008.Impact of harvesting on constructed wetlands performance:A comparison between Scirpus grossus and Typha angustifolia[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,43(6):664-671
Kask U,Kask L,Link S,2013/14.Combustion characteristics of reed and its suitability as a boiler fuel[J].Mires and Peat,13:Article 05:1-10
Kimura H,Tsuyuzaki S.2011.Fire severity affects vegetation and seed bank in a wetland[J].Applied Vegetation Science,14(3):350-357
Kobbing J F,Thevs N,Zerbe S.2013/14.The utilisation of reed(Phragmites australis):A review[J].Mires and Peat,13:Article01:1-14
Robbing J F,Patuzzi F,Baratieri M,et al.2014.Economic evaluation of common reed potential for energy production:A case study in Wuliangsuhai Lake(Inner Mongolia,China)[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,70:315-329
Maddison M,Soosaar K,Mauring T,et al.2009.The biomass and nutrient and heavy metal content of cattails and reeds in wastewater treatment wetlands for the production of construction material in Estonia[J].Desalination,246(1/3):120-128
Meuleman AF M,van Logtestijn R,Rijs G B J,et al.2003.Water and mass budgets of a vertical-flow constructed wetland used for wastewater treatment[J].Ecological Engineering,20(1),31-44
Mitsch W J,Gosselink J G.2015.Wetlands[M].5th ed.New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc:1-744
Olguin E J,Sanchez-Galvan G.2010.Aquatic phytoremediation:Novel insights in tropical and subtropical regions[J].Pure and Applied Chemistry,82(1):27-38
Patuzzi F,Mimmo T,Cesco S,et al.2013.Common reeds(Phragmites australis)as sustainable energy source:Experimental and modelling analysis of torrefaction and pyrolysis processes[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,5(4):367-374
Pratt D C,Dubbe D R,Garver E G,et al.1984.Wetland biomass production:Emergent aquatic management options and evaluations(A final subcontract report)[R].SERI Report No.SERI/STR-231-2383.St.Paul:University of Minnesota:1-65
Price T,Probert D.1997.Role of constructed wetlands in environmentally-sustainable developments[J].Applied Energy,57(2/3):129-174
Rejmankova E,Houdkova K.2006.Wetland plant decomposition under different nutrient conditions:What is more important,litter quality or site quality?[J].Biogeochemistry,80(3):245-262
Saeed T,Sun G.2012.A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands:Dependency on environmental parameters,operating conditions and supporting media[J].Journal of Environmental Management,112:429-448
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