初论引黄工程对桃-阿海子湿地生境恢复的作用与影响——兼谈泊江海子采矿区地表沉降成塘的例示
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摘要
桃力庙-阿拉善湾海子(桃-阿海子)是鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级保护区核心区暨全球第1148号国际重要湿地,干涸10余年后,在各方的协调努力下,引黄济湖工程于2018年5月中旬正式开通放水。至8月下旬,在桃-阿海子栖居的水鸟总量近1万只,其中白鹭和普通翠鸟为桃-阿海子的鸟种新纪录,灰雁、赤嘴潜鸭、白骨顶为繁殖新纪录,秋季桃-阿海子栖居的水鸟总量逾2万只。补水使冬季上冻前桃-阿海子拥有面积超过5 km2的明水水面和大于2km2且发育良好的芦苇沼泽。另外,在桃-阿海子天然注入河上游附近,由于采矿区地表沉降,出现一处面积约0.6 km2的水塘,夏季吸引了20余种水鸟栖居,其中7种水鸟有见繁殖。
The T-A Nur, No. 1148 Ramsar Site and core area of the Ordos Relict Gull NNR, after a long drought of more than ten years, has finally got a rather reliable project for its water supply, initiated in mid-May 2018 when water being pumped from the Yellow River and introduced by channel to the Nur. Till late August, some 10 000 waterbirds gathered in T-A Nur, bringing two more new bird records, the Little Egret and the Common Kingfisher, as well as three new breeding records, the Greylag Goose, the Red-crested Pochard, and the Common Coot, to the site. Then, in autumn, over 20 000 migrating waterbirds appeared and inhabited, along with the wetland habitats of the site gradually developed to be over 5 km~2 of its water surface and 2 km~2 of its reed marchland. Besides, the coal mine nearby, the mining subsidence area surface-ponding, occurred in spring of the year, has also attracted over 20 waterbird species residing during the whole summer season, with 7 species found nesting.
The T-A Nur, No. 1148 Ramsar Site and core area of the Ordos Relict Gull NNR, after a long drought of more than ten years, has finally got a rather reliable project for its water supply, initiated in mid-May 2018 when water being pumped from the Yellow River and introduced by channel to the Nur. Till late August, some 10 000 waterbirds gathered in T-A Nur, bringing two more new bird records, the Little Egret and the Common Kingfisher, as well as three new breeding records, the Greylag Goose, the Red-crested Pochard, and the Common Coot, to the site. Then, in autumn, over 20 000 migrating waterbirds appeared and inhabited, along with the wetland habitats of the site gradually developed to be over 5 km~2 of its water surface and 2 km~2 of its reed marchland. Besides, the coal mine nearby, the mining subsidence area surface-ponding, occurred in spring of the year, has also attracted over 20 waterbird species residing during the whole summer season, with 7 species found nesting.
引文
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何芬奇,任永奇.2012.毛乌素沙地湖泊群及水禽群落的回顾与展望[J].大自然(5):4-7
何芬奇,任永奇.2015.桃-阿海子的新转机[J].湿地通讯(6):17
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何芬奇,郭玉民,陈克林,等.2018.初论内蒙古泊江海子矿持续补水对桃-阿海子湿地生境恢复之效益[J].湿地科学与管理,14(1):29-32
任永奇,苏雅拉,何芬奇.2013.蓑羽鹤在鄂尔多斯桃-阿海子的繁殖记录[J].动物学杂志,48(4):641
HE Fen-qi, REN Yong-qi, Bai Xiu-fang. 2010. Preview of the No.1148 Ramsar Site on the Ordos upland of W Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Birds,1(1):80-81
何芬奇,邢小军,任永奇.2007.鄂尔多斯高原湿地的危情报告[J].大自然(5):60-61
何芬奇,邢小军,白兆勇,等.2008.鄂尔多斯高原湿地危情及水资源永续利用的探讨[J].湿地科学与管理,4(1):56-58
何芬奇,邢小军,白兆勇,等.2009.由鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区的变化探讨荒漠-半荒漠湿地类型自然保护区的规划与管理模式//印红:《湿地生物多样性保护主流化的理论与实践》[M].北京:科学出版社:319-324
何芬奇,任永奇.2012.毛乌素沙地湖泊群及水禽群落的回顾与展望[J].大自然(5):4-7
何芬奇,任永奇.2015.桃-阿海子的新转机[J].湿地通讯(6):17
何芬奇,任永奇,郭玉民.2015.内蒙古桃-阿海子的生境演替与水鸟群落的兴衰[J].湿地科学与管理,11(2):54-58
何芬奇,郭玉民,陈克林,等.2018.初论内蒙古泊江海子矿持续补水对桃-阿海子湿地生境恢复之效益[J].湿地科学与管理,14(1):29-32
任永奇,苏雅拉,何芬奇.2013.蓑羽鹤在鄂尔多斯桃-阿海子的繁殖记录[J].动物学杂志,48(4):641
HE Fen-qi, REN Yong-qi, Bai Xiu-fang. 2010. Preview of the No.1148 Ramsar Site on the Ordos upland of W Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Birds,1(1):80-81