湿热力平流参数在一次华北暴雨模拟诊断中的应用研究
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摘要
对2011年7月24~25日发生在华北地区的一次暴雨过程进行了分析,并以NCEP资料为初值场对此次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,结合实况对模拟结果进行对比分析。分析表明:模式对本次华北暴雨的模拟比较成功,基本反映出了本次暴雨过程的降水分布特点。利用湿热力平流参数对本次华北地区的降水落区进行了诊断分析。分析指出,湿热力平流参数纬向平均的垂直剖面图上,湿热力平流参数的高值区及大值中心与地面的强降水雨区对应得较好,其梯度大小及向上延伸高度均可以定性地指示降水的强弱;垂直积分的湿热力平流参数与地面6 h强降水落区具有较好的对应关系,而在示踪弱降水区时效果并不是很好,其大值中心并不与强降水中心完全重叠,而是其梯度大值区与降水中心相对应;垂直积分的湿热力平流参数与6 h累积地面降水的空间分布特征和时间演变趋势比较相似,并且其变化趋势能反映降水的发展和消弱。
A rainstorm process that occurred during 24–25 Jul 2011 is analyzed by numerical simulation performed with NCEP data used for the initial field. The numerical simulation accurately simulates this rainfall process and essentially reflects the rainfall distribution characteristics. The moist thermodynamic advection parameter is chosen to perform diagnostic analysis for the rainfall region. Results show that in the meridional-vertical cross section of the zonal mean of the moist thermodynamic advection parameter, the high-value areas, and the centers of the moist thermodynamic advection parameter coincide well with the heavy rainfall region and that the gradient and the upward height can qualitatively indicate the intensity. The vertical integral of the moist thermodynamic advection parameter can trace the heavy rainfall region more accurately than the light rainfall region. The centers of the moist thermodynamic advection parameter do not completely overlap the heavy rain centers; instead, the high-value areas of the gradient correspond to the centers. Moreover, the moist thermodynamic advection parameter has a spatial distribution and time evolution trend similar to those of the simulated 6 h accumulated precipitation, and its change trend can reflect the increase and decrease of precipitation.
A rainstorm process that occurred during 24–25 Jul 2011 is analyzed by numerical simulation performed with NCEP data used for the initial field. The numerical simulation accurately simulates this rainfall process and essentially reflects the rainfall distribution characteristics. The moist thermodynamic advection parameter is chosen to perform diagnostic analysis for the rainfall region. Results show that in the meridional-vertical cross section of the zonal mean of the moist thermodynamic advection parameter, the high-value areas, and the centers of the moist thermodynamic advection parameter coincide well with the heavy rainfall region and that the gradient and the upward height can qualitatively indicate the intensity. The vertical integral of the moist thermodynamic advection parameter can trace the heavy rainfall region more accurately than the light rainfall region. The centers of the moist thermodynamic advection parameter do not completely overlap the heavy rain centers; instead, the high-value areas of the gradient correspond to the centers. Moreover, the moist thermodynamic advection parameter has a spatial distribution and time evolution trend similar to those of the simulated 6 h accumulated precipitation, and its change trend can reflect the increase and decrease of precipitation.
引文
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刘运成.2011.一次连续暴雨的非地转湿Q矢量分解分析[J].气象科技,39(6):796–802.Liu Yuncheng.2011.Application of improved wet Qvector partitioning method to diagnosis of a continued heavy rain[J].Meteorological Science and Technology(in Chinese),39(6):796–802.
冉令坤,周玉淑,杨文霞.2011.强对流降水过程动力因子分析和预报研究[J].物理学报,60(9):1–11.Ran Lingkun,Zhou Yushu,YangWenxia.2011.Analysis and forecasting of heavy-rainfall event by strongconvection[J].Acta Physica Sinica(in Chinese),60(9):1–11.
史小康,李耀东,刘健文,等.2012.华北一次暴雨过程的螺旋度分析[J].自然灾害学报,21(4):48–56.Shi Xiaokang,Li Yaodong,LiuJianwen,et al.2012.Analysis of helicity in a rainstorm in North China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters(in Chinese),21(4):48–56.
陶诗言.1980.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,225pp.Tao Shiyan.1980.China’s heavy rain[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,225pp.
Yang Qun,Mao Jianqiang,Zhou Changzhi,et al.2010.Vertical helicityanalysis of first rainstorm at the beginning of Meiyu in Hubei in 2009[J].Meteorological and Environmental Research,1(8):41–45.
Yue Caijun,Shou Shaowen.2008.A modified moist ageostrophic Q vector[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,25(6):1053–1061.
周玉淑,朱科峰.2008.湿大气的广义位温与干大气位温及饱和湿大气相当位温的比较[J].气象学报,68(5):612–616.Zhou Yushu,Zhu Kefeng.2008.Comparisons between the generalized potential temperature in the moist atmosphere and the potential temperature in the dry atmosphere and the equivalent potential temperature in the saturated moist atmosphere[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),68(5):612–616.
Gao S T,Ping F,Li X F,et al.2004a.A convective vorticity vectorassociated with tropical convection:A two-dimensional cloud-resolvingmodeling study[J].J.Geophys.Res.,109:D14106,doi:10.1029/2004JD004807.
Gao S T,Wang X R,Zhou Y S.2004b.Generation of generalized moistpotential vorticity in a frictionless and moist adiabatic flow[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,31(12):L12113,doi:10.1029/2003GL019152.
Gao S T,Cui X P,Zhou Y S,et al.2005.A modeling study of moist anddynamic vorticity vectors associated with 2D tropical convection[J].J.Geophys.Res.,110:D17104,doi:10.1029/2004JD005675.
Gao S T,Li X F,Tao W K,et al.2007b.Convective and moist vorticityvectors associated with tropical oceanic convection:A three-dimensionalcloud-resolving model simulation[J].J.Geophys.Res.,112:D01105,doi:10.1029/2006JD007179.
《华北暴雨》编写组.1992.华北暴雨[M].北京:气象出版社,182pp.Rainstorm of North China Writing Group.1992.Rainstorm ofNorth China(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,182pp.
骆凯,李耀东,章亦涛.2010.广义波作用量密度在一次华北暴雨模拟诊断中的应用研究[J].高原气象,30(1):74–82.Luo Kai,Li Yaodong,Zhang Yitao.2010.Study and application of general wave activity densityto the numerical simulation and diagnostic analysis of a rainstorm inNorth China[J].Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),30(1):74–82.
李耀东,刘健文,高守亭.2005.螺旋度在对流天气预报中的应用研究进展[J].气象科技,33(1):7–11.Li Yaodong,Liu Jianwen,GaoShouting.2005.Progress in researches on application of helicity toconvective weather prediction[J].Meteorological Science andTechnology(in Chinese),33(1):7–11.
刘运成.2006.青藏高原东侧一次连续大暴雨过程湿Q矢量分析[J].气象,32(12):43–49.Liu Yuncheng.2006.Wet Q-vector analysis of acontinued heavy rain process over the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),32(12):43–49.
刘运成.2011.一次连续暴雨的非地转湿Q矢量分解分析[J].气象科技,39(6):796–802.Liu Yuncheng.2011.Application of improved wet Qvector partitioning method to diagnosis of a continued heavy rain[J].Meteorological Science and Technology(in Chinese),39(6):796–802.
冉令坤,周玉淑,杨文霞.2011.强对流降水过程动力因子分析和预报研究[J].物理学报,60(9):1–11.Ran Lingkun,Zhou Yushu,YangWenxia.2011.Analysis and forecasting of heavy-rainfall event by strongconvection[J].Acta Physica Sinica(in Chinese),60(9):1–11.
史小康,李耀东,刘健文,等.2012.华北一次暴雨过程的螺旋度分析[J].自然灾害学报,21(4):48–56.Shi Xiaokang,Li Yaodong,LiuJianwen,et al.2012.Analysis of helicity in a rainstorm in North China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters(in Chinese),21(4):48–56.
陶诗言.1980.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,225pp.Tao Shiyan.1980.China’s heavy rain[M](in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,225pp.
Yang Qun,Mao Jianqiang,Zhou Changzhi,et al.2010.Vertical helicityanalysis of first rainstorm at the beginning of Meiyu in Hubei in 2009[J].Meteorological and Environmental Research,1(8):41–45.
Yue Caijun,Shou Shaowen.2008.A modified moist ageostrophic Q vector[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,25(6):1053–1061.
周玉淑,朱科峰.2008.湿大气的广义位温与干大气位温及饱和湿大气相当位温的比较[J].气象学报,68(5):612–616.Zhou Yushu,Zhu Kefeng.2008.Comparisons between the generalized potential temperature in the moist atmosphere and the potential temperature in the dry atmosphere and the equivalent potential temperature in the saturated moist atmosphere[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),68(5):612–616.