大型沼气工程沼液蒸发浓缩的能量平衡分析
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摘要
大型沼气工程每年产生大量沼液,沼液的处理与处置已成为制约沼气行业发展的重要因素。文章研究了沼气发电余热的利用途径,以能否满足沼液蒸发所需热量为基础,将发电余热利用分为5种模式。以德青源大型沼气工程为例,分析了热电联产沼气工程的能量供求关系,结果发现该沼气工程的发电余热不仅可以满足厌氧发酵系统和沼液蒸发的热量需求,还有热量剩余,属于余热剩余型。最后文章论述了沼液蒸发浓缩具有的环境和经济效益。
Large-scale biogas projects produce a lot of biogas slurry each year. The treatment and disposal of biogas slurry has become an important factor restricting the development of biogas industry. In this paper, the utilization ways of waste heat from biogas fueled power generation was discussed. Based on whether the heat required for biogas slurry evaporation can be satisfied, the utilization of waste heat was divided into five modes. Taking Deqingyuan biogas project as an example, the energy supply and demand relations of heat-power cogeneration biogas project was analyzed. Results showed that the waste heat generated from the biogas project can not only meet the heat demand of the anaerobic fermentation system and slurry evaporation, but also have heat surplus.Finally, the environmental and economic benefits of biogas slurry evaporation are discussed.
Large-scale biogas projects produce a lot of biogas slurry each year. The treatment and disposal of biogas slurry has become an important factor restricting the development of biogas industry. In this paper, the utilization ways of waste heat from biogas fueled power generation was discussed. Based on whether the heat required for biogas slurry evaporation can be satisfied, the utilization of waste heat was divided into five modes. Taking Deqingyuan biogas project as an example, the energy supply and demand relations of heat-power cogeneration biogas project was analyzed. Results showed that the waste heat generated from the biogas project can not only meet the heat demand of the anaerobic fermentation system and slurry evaporation, but also have heat surplus.Finally, the environmental and economic benefits of biogas slurry evaporation are discussed.
引文
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[2] Zirkler D,Peters A,Kaupenjohann M.Elemental composition of biogas residues:Variability and alteration during anaerobic digestion[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2014,67(0):89-98.
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[16] Kurchania A K,Panwar N L.Experimental investigation of an applicator of liquid slurry,from biogas production,for crop production[J].Environmental Technology,2011,32(8):873-878.
[17] 靳红梅,常志州,叶小梅,等.江苏省大型沼气工程沼液理化特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(01):291-296.
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[24] Hofman J A M H,Beerendonk E F,Folmer H C,et al.Removal of pesticides and other micropollutants with cellulose-acetate,polyamide and ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membranes[J].Desalination,1997,113(2-3):209-214.
[25] Avlonitis S A,Kouroumbas K,Vlachakis N.Energy consumption and membrane replacement cost for seawater RO desalination plants[J].Desalination,2003,157(1-3):151-158.
[26] 汪国刚,赵明梅,宋刚,等.万头猪场沼气发电工程热平衡影响因素研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(11):2635-2640.
[27] 蒲小东,邓良伟,尹勇,等.大中型沼气工程不同加热方式的经济效益分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(07):281-284.
[28] 寇巍,郑磊,曲静霞,等.太阳能与发电余热复合沼气增温系统设计[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):211-217.
[29] 岳东北,许玉东,诸毅,等.蒸发过程早期渗滤液中有机酸挥发规律研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(04):4897-4901.
[30] 蓝天,蔡磊,蔡昌达.大型蛋鸡场2MW沼气发电工程[J].中国沼气,2009,27(03):31-33.
[31] 李倩,蓝天,寿亦丰,等.热电肥联产大型鸡场废弃物沼气工程技术[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(02):35-39.
[2] Zirkler D,Peters A,Kaupenjohann M.Elemental composition of biogas residues:Variability and alteration during anaerobic digestion[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2014,67(0):89-98.
[3] Yu W W,Zhang Z,Luo S R,et al.Study on the Characteristics of Soil Irrigated by Biogas Slurry in the Southwest of China[J].ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY,2013,25(5):2861-2865.
[4] Jia Y,Sun G,Huang H,et al.Biogas slurry application elevated arsenic accumulation in rice plant through increased arsenic release and methylation in paddy soil[J].Plant and Soil,2013,365(1):387-396.
[5] Abubaker J,Risberg K,Pell M.Biogas residues as fertilisers-Effects on wheat growth and soil microbial activities[J].Applied Energy,2012,99:126.
[6] Moller K,S W.Effects of organic wastes digestion for biogas production on mineral nutrient availability of biogas effluents[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2010,87(3):395-413.
[7] Weiland P.Biogas production:current state and perspectives[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2010,85(4):849-860.
[8] Yu F,Luo X,Song C,et al.Concentrated biogas slurry enhanced soil fertility and tomato quality[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B-Plant Soil Science,2010,60(3):262-268.
[9] Islam M R,Rahman S,Rahman M M,et al.The effects of biogas slurry on the production and quality of maize fodder[J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,2010,34(1):91-99.
[10] Banik S 和 N R.Effect of supplementation of rice straw with biogas residual slurry manure on the yield,protein and mineral contents of oyster mushroom[J].Industrial Crops & Products,2004,20(3):311-319.
[11] Gioelli F,Dinuccio E,Balsari P.Residual biogas potential from the storage tanks of non-separated digestate and digested liquid fraction[J].Bioresource technology,2011,102(22):10248.
[12] Hamelin L,Wesnaes M,Wenzel H,et al.Environmental consequences of future biogas technologies based on separated slurry[J].Environ Sci Technol,2011,45(13):5869-5877.
[13] Duan G L,Zhang H M,Liu Y X,et al.Long-term fertilization with pig-biogas residues results in heavy metal accumulation in paddy field and rice grains in Jiaxing of China[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2012,58(5):637-646.
[14] Holm-Nielsen J B,Al Seadi T,Oleskowicz-Popiel P.The future of anaerobic digestion and biogas utilization[J].Bioresource technology,2009,100(22):5478-5484.
[15] 张国治,吴少斌,王焕玲,等.大中型沼气工程沼渣沼液利用意愿现状调研及问题分析[J].中国沼气,2010,28(01):21-24.
[16] Kurchania A K,Panwar N L.Experimental investigation of an applicator of liquid slurry,from biogas production,for crop production[J].Environmental Technology,2011,32(8):873-878.
[17] 靳红梅,常志州,叶小梅,等.江苏省大型沼气工程沼液理化特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(01):291-296.
[18] 董人杰,Raninger Bernhard.沼气工程与技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013.
[19] Rehl T,M J.Life cycle assessment of biogas digestate processing technologies[J].Resources,Conservation & Recycling,2011,56(1):92.
[20] 宋成芳,单胜道,张妙仙,等.畜禽养殖废弃物沼液的膜过滤浓缩试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(3):84-86.
[21] Konieczny K,Kwiecińska A,Gworek B.The recovery of water from slurry produced in high density livestock farming with the use of membrane processes[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2011,80(3):490-498.
[22] Gebrezgabher S A,Meuwissen M P M,Prins B A M,et al.Economic analysis of anaerobic digestion—A case of Green power biogas plant in The Netherlands[J].NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences,2010,57(2):109-115.
[23] Th?rneby L,Persson K,Tr?g?rdh G.Treatment of Liquid Effluents from Dairy Cattle and Pigs using Reverse Osmosis[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1999,73(2):159-170.
[24] Hofman J A M H,Beerendonk E F,Folmer H C,et al.Removal of pesticides and other micropollutants with cellulose-acetate,polyamide and ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membranes[J].Desalination,1997,113(2-3):209-214.
[25] Avlonitis S A,Kouroumbas K,Vlachakis N.Energy consumption and membrane replacement cost for seawater RO desalination plants[J].Desalination,2003,157(1-3):151-158.
[26] 汪国刚,赵明梅,宋刚,等.万头猪场沼气发电工程热平衡影响因素研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(11):2635-2640.
[27] 蒲小东,邓良伟,尹勇,等.大中型沼气工程不同加热方式的经济效益分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(07):281-284.
[28] 寇巍,郑磊,曲静霞,等.太阳能与发电余热复合沼气增温系统设计[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):211-217.
[29] 岳东北,许玉东,诸毅,等.蒸发过程早期渗滤液中有机酸挥发规律研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(04):4897-4901.
[30] 蓝天,蔡磊,蔡昌达.大型蛋鸡场2MW沼气发电工程[J].中国沼气,2009,27(03):31-33.
[31] 李倩,蓝天,寿亦丰,等.热电肥联产大型鸡场废弃物沼气工程技术[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(02):35-39.