卧龙湖水量平衡分析
|
摘要
强人类活动影响下缺资料平原区内陆湖泊的水量平衡研究一直是个难题。以平原区内陆湖泊卧龙湖为研究区,构建了分布式水文模型并分析水量平衡关系。模型模拟结果纳什系数大于0.75,径流相对误差均小于3%,模拟效果良好。通过对丰、平、枯、特枯等典型年的水量平衡进行分析,结果表明:在天然情况下,卧龙湖丰水年、平水年、枯水年以及特枯水年湖泊蓄变量分别为20 441.97万m3、7 911.09万m3、1 654.98万m3、687.05万m3。考虑上游截留后,丰水年湖泊蓄变量为15 424.78万m3,平水年湖泊蓄变量为1 943.47万m3,枯水年和特枯年东西马莲河出现断流情况,导致湖泊在枯水年、特枯年极度缺水。
The water balance of lakes in the plain areas is difficult to estimate due to the influences of human activities.In the paper,a distributed hydrological model was constructed and the water balance was calculated for the Wolong Lake,an inland lake in the plain area.The model simulation results had a Nash coefficient being greater than 0.75 and a relative runoff error of being less than 3%.The water balance was further investigated for typical years,such as,wet year,normal year,dry year and extreme dry year.The results showed that under natural conditions,the lake storage were 204.42 million m3、79.11 million m3、16.55 million m3、6.87 million m3,respectively.If water was interrupted in the upstream section,the lake storage would reduce to154.24 million m3 for wet year,and to 19.43 million m3 for the normal year.Under the dry year and the extreme dry year,there was no flow in the East and West Malian River,causing the lake to be extremely drought.
The water balance of lakes in the plain areas is difficult to estimate due to the influences of human activities.In the paper,a distributed hydrological model was constructed and the water balance was calculated for the Wolong Lake,an inland lake in the plain area.The model simulation results had a Nash coefficient being greater than 0.75 and a relative runoff error of being less than 3%.The water balance was further investigated for typical years,such as,wet year,normal year,dry year and extreme dry year.The results showed that under natural conditions,the lake storage were 204.42 million m3、79.11 million m3、16.55 million m3、6.87 million m3,respectively.If water was interrupted in the upstream section,the lake storage would reduce to154.24 million m3 for wet year,and to 19.43 million m3 for the normal year.Under the dry year and the extreme dry year,there was no flow in the East and West Malian River,causing the lake to be extremely drought.
引文
[1]KUMMU M,TES S,YIN S,et al.Water balance analysis for the Tonle Sap Lake-floodplain system[J].Hydrological Processes,2014,28(4):1722-1733.DOI:10.1002/hyp.9718.
[2]ZHANG Q,DONG X,CHEN Y,et al.Hydrological alterations as the major driver on environmental change in a floodplain Lake Poyang(China):Evidence from monitoring and sediment records[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2018:S0380133018300212.DOI:10.1016/j.jglr.2018.02.003.
[3]LI Y,ZHANG Q,YAO J,et al.Hydrodynamic and hydrological modeling of the Poyang Lake catchment system in China[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(3):607-616.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000835.
[4]XU L,ZHU M,HE B,et al.Analysis of water balance in Poyang Lake Basin and subsequent response to climate change[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2014,68:136-143.DOI:10.2112/SI68-018.1.
[5]YE X,ZHANG Q,LIU J,et al.Distinguishing the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on variation of streamflow in the Poyang Lake catchment,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,494(12):83-95.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.036.
[6]燕华云,贾绍风.青海湖水量平衡分析与水资源优化配置研究[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(1):35-40.(YAN H Y,JIA S F.Water balance analysis and optimal allocation of water resources in Qinghai Lake[J].Lake Science,2003,15(1):35-40.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2003.01.005
[7]孟万忠,刘晓峰,王尚义.两千年来太原盆地古湖泊的水量平衡研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(8):167-171.(MENG W Z,LIU X F,WANG S Y.Study on Water Balance of Ancient Lakes in Taiyuan Basin in the Past Two Thousand Years[J].Resources and Environment in Arid Areas,2011,25(8):167-171.(in Chinese))
[8]包为民,胡海英,瞿思敏,等.稳定同位素方法在湖泊水量平衡研究中的应用[J].人民黄河,2007,29(8):29-30.(BAO W M,HU H Y,YAN S M,et al.Application of stable isotope method in lake water balance study[J].Yellow River,2007,29(8):29-30.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2007.08.014.
[9]徐金涛,张奇,徐力刚.抚仙湖集水域地表径流入湖水量模拟[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(6):718-726.(XU J T,ZHANG Q,XU L G.Simulation of surface water inflow into the Lake in the waters of Fuxian Lake[J].Journal of Lake Science,2007,19(6):718-726.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2007.06.015.
[10]董春雨,王乃昂,李卓仑,等.基于水热平衡模型的青海湖水位变化趋势预测[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(4):587-593.(DONG C Y,WANG N A,LI Z L,et al.Prediction of water level change in Qinghai Lake based on hydrothermal equilibrium model[J].Journal of Lake Science,2009,21(4):587-593.(in chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2009.04.019.
[11]AL-KALBANI M S,PRICE M F,O HIGGINS T,et al.Integrated environmental assessment to explore water resources management in Al Jabal Al Akhdar,Sultanate of Oman[J].Regional Environmental Change,2016,16(5):1-17.DOI:10.1007/s10113-015-0864-4.
[12]SHILONG P,PHILIPPE C,YAO H,et al.The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China[J].Nature.2010,467(7311):43-51.DOI:10.1038/nature09364.
[13]CAI Y,SUN G,GUO Z,et al.Simulation for Influence of Climate Change on the Streamflow Variation in Poyang Lake Basin[J].Resources Science,2009,31(5):743-749.
[14]王丽耀,王洪禄,刘扬,等.卧龙湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010(16):272.(WANG L Y,WANG H L,LIU Y,et al.Evaluation of ecosystem service value of Wolong Lake wetland[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2010,16:272.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1328.2010.16.274.
[15]郑红,武祎.卧龙湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].吉林水利,2015(9):24-27.(ZHENG H,WU Y.Evaluation of the service function value of Wolong Lake wetland ecosystem[J].Jilin Water Resources,2015(9):24-27.(in Chinese))
[16]DAI A.Drought under global warming:A review[J].Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change,2011,2(1):45-65.DOI:urn:issn:1757-7780.
[17]FIELD C B,BARROS V,STOCKER T F,et al.Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation.Special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology&Metabolism,2012,18(6):586-599.DOI:10.1017/CBO9781139177245.
[18]NI Q W,WANG Y,ZHENG B H,et al.Judgment on degradation of Wolonghu wetlands based on catastrophe theory model[J].Wetland Science,2014,12(1):1-6.
[19]沈阳市水利基础信息集[M].长春:东北大学出版社,2014.(Shenyang Water Conservancy Basic Information Set[M].Changchun:Northeastern University Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[20]张建军,刘春涛,李璐.基于行动导向的河湖生态区保护与利用规划---当前主要问题与沈阳经验[C].海口:2014中国城市规划年会,2014.(ZHANG J J,LIU C T,LI L.Action-oriented protection and utilization planning of rivers and lakes ecological zone---current main problems and Shenyang experience[C].Haikou:2014China Urban Planning Annual Conference,2014.(in Chinese))
[21]赵洪利,杨云飞,董立国.沈阳卧龙湖省级自然保护区湿地现状与生态功能利用探讨[J].环境保护科学,2008,34(4):40-43.(ZHAO H L,YANG Y F,DONG L G.Discussion on wetland status and ecological function utilization in Shenyang Wolong Lake provincial nature reserve[J].Environmental Science,2008,34(4):40-43.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-6216.2008.04.013.
[22]贾仰文,王浩,王建华,等.黄河流域分布式水文模型开发和验证[J].自然资源学报.2005,20(2):300-308.(JIA Y W,WANG H,WANG J H,et al.Development and verification of distributed hydrological model in the Yellow River Basin[J].Journal of natural resources,2005,20(2):300-308.(in Chinese))
[23]贾仰文.WEP模型的开发与分布式流域水循环模拟[C].深圳:中国水利学会2003学术年会,2003.(JIAY W.Shenzhen:Development of WEP model and simulation of distributed watershed water cycle[C].Shenzhen:2003 Annual Conference of China Water Conservancy Society,2003.(in Chinese))
[24]贾仰文.分布式流域水文模型原理与实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.(JIA Y W.Principles and practices of distributed watershed hydrological models[M].Beijing:China Water Resources and Hydropower Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[25]李德富,王铁良,苏芳莉,等.卧龙湖湿地水量平衡模型[J].人民长江,2009,40(15):24-25.(LI D F,WANG T L,SU F L,et al.Water balance model of Wolong Lake wetland[J].People′s Yangtze River,2009,40(15):24-25.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4179.2009.15.009.
[2]ZHANG Q,DONG X,CHEN Y,et al.Hydrological alterations as the major driver on environmental change in a floodplain Lake Poyang(China):Evidence from monitoring and sediment records[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2018:S0380133018300212.DOI:10.1016/j.jglr.2018.02.003.
[3]LI Y,ZHANG Q,YAO J,et al.Hydrodynamic and hydrological modeling of the Poyang Lake catchment system in China[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(3):607-616.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000835.
[4]XU L,ZHU M,HE B,et al.Analysis of water balance in Poyang Lake Basin and subsequent response to climate change[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2014,68:136-143.DOI:10.2112/SI68-018.1.
[5]YE X,ZHANG Q,LIU J,et al.Distinguishing the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on variation of streamflow in the Poyang Lake catchment,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,494(12):83-95.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.036.
[6]燕华云,贾绍风.青海湖水量平衡分析与水资源优化配置研究[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(1):35-40.(YAN H Y,JIA S F.Water balance analysis and optimal allocation of water resources in Qinghai Lake[J].Lake Science,2003,15(1):35-40.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2003.01.005
[7]孟万忠,刘晓峰,王尚义.两千年来太原盆地古湖泊的水量平衡研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(8):167-171.(MENG W Z,LIU X F,WANG S Y.Study on Water Balance of Ancient Lakes in Taiyuan Basin in the Past Two Thousand Years[J].Resources and Environment in Arid Areas,2011,25(8):167-171.(in Chinese))
[8]包为民,胡海英,瞿思敏,等.稳定同位素方法在湖泊水量平衡研究中的应用[J].人民黄河,2007,29(8):29-30.(BAO W M,HU H Y,YAN S M,et al.Application of stable isotope method in lake water balance study[J].Yellow River,2007,29(8):29-30.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2007.08.014.
[9]徐金涛,张奇,徐力刚.抚仙湖集水域地表径流入湖水量模拟[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(6):718-726.(XU J T,ZHANG Q,XU L G.Simulation of surface water inflow into the Lake in the waters of Fuxian Lake[J].Journal of Lake Science,2007,19(6):718-726.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2007.06.015.
[10]董春雨,王乃昂,李卓仑,等.基于水热平衡模型的青海湖水位变化趋势预测[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(4):587-593.(DONG C Y,WANG N A,LI Z L,et al.Prediction of water level change in Qinghai Lake based on hydrothermal equilibrium model[J].Journal of Lake Science,2009,21(4):587-593.(in chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2009.04.019.
[11]AL-KALBANI M S,PRICE M F,O HIGGINS T,et al.Integrated environmental assessment to explore water resources management in Al Jabal Al Akhdar,Sultanate of Oman[J].Regional Environmental Change,2016,16(5):1-17.DOI:10.1007/s10113-015-0864-4.
[12]SHILONG P,PHILIPPE C,YAO H,et al.The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China[J].Nature.2010,467(7311):43-51.DOI:10.1038/nature09364.
[13]CAI Y,SUN G,GUO Z,et al.Simulation for Influence of Climate Change on the Streamflow Variation in Poyang Lake Basin[J].Resources Science,2009,31(5):743-749.
[14]王丽耀,王洪禄,刘扬,等.卧龙湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010(16):272.(WANG L Y,WANG H L,LIU Y,et al.Evaluation of ecosystem service value of Wolong Lake wetland[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2010,16:272.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1328.2010.16.274.
[15]郑红,武祎.卧龙湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].吉林水利,2015(9):24-27.(ZHENG H,WU Y.Evaluation of the service function value of Wolong Lake wetland ecosystem[J].Jilin Water Resources,2015(9):24-27.(in Chinese))
[16]DAI A.Drought under global warming:A review[J].Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change,2011,2(1):45-65.DOI:urn:issn:1757-7780.
[17]FIELD C B,BARROS V,STOCKER T F,et al.Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation.Special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology&Metabolism,2012,18(6):586-599.DOI:10.1017/CBO9781139177245.
[18]NI Q W,WANG Y,ZHENG B H,et al.Judgment on degradation of Wolonghu wetlands based on catastrophe theory model[J].Wetland Science,2014,12(1):1-6.
[19]沈阳市水利基础信息集[M].长春:东北大学出版社,2014.(Shenyang Water Conservancy Basic Information Set[M].Changchun:Northeastern University Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[20]张建军,刘春涛,李璐.基于行动导向的河湖生态区保护与利用规划---当前主要问题与沈阳经验[C].海口:2014中国城市规划年会,2014.(ZHANG J J,LIU C T,LI L.Action-oriented protection and utilization planning of rivers and lakes ecological zone---current main problems and Shenyang experience[C].Haikou:2014China Urban Planning Annual Conference,2014.(in Chinese))
[21]赵洪利,杨云飞,董立国.沈阳卧龙湖省级自然保护区湿地现状与生态功能利用探讨[J].环境保护科学,2008,34(4):40-43.(ZHAO H L,YANG Y F,DONG L G.Discussion on wetland status and ecological function utilization in Shenyang Wolong Lake provincial nature reserve[J].Environmental Science,2008,34(4):40-43.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-6216.2008.04.013.
[22]贾仰文,王浩,王建华,等.黄河流域分布式水文模型开发和验证[J].自然资源学报.2005,20(2):300-308.(JIA Y W,WANG H,WANG J H,et al.Development and verification of distributed hydrological model in the Yellow River Basin[J].Journal of natural resources,2005,20(2):300-308.(in Chinese))
[23]贾仰文.WEP模型的开发与分布式流域水循环模拟[C].深圳:中国水利学会2003学术年会,2003.(JIAY W.Shenzhen:Development of WEP model and simulation of distributed watershed water cycle[C].Shenzhen:2003 Annual Conference of China Water Conservancy Society,2003.(in Chinese))
[24]贾仰文.分布式流域水文模型原理与实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.(JIA Y W.Principles and practices of distributed watershed hydrological models[M].Beijing:China Water Resources and Hydropower Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[25]李德富,王铁良,苏芳莉,等.卧龙湖湿地水量平衡模型[J].人民长江,2009,40(15):24-25.(LI D F,WANG T L,SU F L,et al.Water balance model of Wolong Lake wetland[J].People′s Yangtze River,2009,40(15):24-25.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4179.2009.15.009.