不同防控措施对温室番茄品质、产量及发病率的影响
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摘要
为研究不同防控措施对温室番茄产量、品质及发病率的影响,明确温室番茄优质高产的防控措施,以"瑞粉一号"番茄为试验材料,设置对照(W1)、化学防控对氯苯氧乙酸点花(W2)、生物防控对氯苯氧乙酸点花(W3)、生物防控熊蜂授粉(W4)共4个处理,检测番茄的单果重、维生素C、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、糖酸比、固酸比、口感接受度、生理性病害果发生率、晚疫病发病率、灰霉病发病率、叶霉病发病率共12项指标,应用主成分分析法对12项指标进行综合评价。结果表明,12项指标归为2个主成分,代表88.57%的主要品质性状遗传信息量,不同处理的综合得分排名为W4>W3>W2>W1。不同防控措施中W4处理(生物防控措施下熊蜂授粉)综合得分最高,且该处理的植株田间长势好、发病率低。因此,通过生物防控病虫害措施,结合熊蜂授粉,能提高番茄果实产量和品质,减少病害发生,为番茄栽培提供技术指导。
Taking tomato " Ruifen 1" as experimental material,this paper studied the effect of different control measures on tomato fruit quantity,quality and disease incidence in greenhouse,so as to identify the best prevention and control measure for high quality and high yield of tomato in greenhouse. The paper set up 4 treatments,including the control (W1),chemical pest prevention and P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid pollination (W2),biological pest prevention and P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid pollination (W3),biological pest prevention and bumblebee pollination (W4). The main components analysis method was used to evaluate the twelve indexes,including single fruit weight,vitamin C content,titrate acid content,soluble sugar content,soluble solid content,sugar acid ratio,solid acid rate,taste acceptance,physiological disease fruit incidence rate,late blight incidence rate,gray mold incidence rate,and leaf mold incidence rate. The results showed that the 12 indicators of the tested tomato were converted into 2 principal components,representing 88.57% genetic information of the main quality traits. Comprehensive score ranking was W4>W3 > W2 > W1. Treatment W4 (bumblebee pollination under biological prevention measure) had the highest comprehensive score. The plants under W4 treatment had good field conditions and low disease incidence rate.Therefore,through biological control measures combined with bumblebee pollination can improve tomato yield and quality,reduce disease occurrence. These results provided technological guidance for tomato cultivation.
Taking tomato " Ruifen 1" as experimental material,this paper studied the effect of different control measures on tomato fruit quantity,quality and disease incidence in greenhouse,so as to identify the best prevention and control measure for high quality and high yield of tomato in greenhouse. The paper set up 4 treatments,including the control (W1),chemical pest prevention and P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid pollination (W2),biological pest prevention and P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid pollination (W3),biological pest prevention and bumblebee pollination (W4). The main components analysis method was used to evaluate the twelve indexes,including single fruit weight,vitamin C content,titrate acid content,soluble sugar content,soluble solid content,sugar acid ratio,solid acid rate,taste acceptance,physiological disease fruit incidence rate,late blight incidence rate,gray mold incidence rate,and leaf mold incidence rate. The results showed that the 12 indicators of the tested tomato were converted into 2 principal components,representing 88.57% genetic information of the main quality traits. Comprehensive score ranking was W4>W3 > W2 > W1. Treatment W4 (bumblebee pollination under biological prevention measure) had the highest comprehensive score. The plants under W4 treatment had good field conditions and low disease incidence rate.Therefore,through biological control measures combined with bumblebee pollination can improve tomato yield and quality,reduce disease occurrence. These results provided technological guidance for tomato cultivation.
引文
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[14]文刚.绿色防控措施在有机蔬菜种植中的应用[J].南方农业,2014,8(18):31-32.
[15]吴杰,彭文君,安建东,等.授粉用明亮熊蜂的人工饲养技术[J].应用昆虫学报,2005,42(6):717-720.Wu J,Peng W J,An J D,et al..Rearing techniques of Bumbus lucorum[J].Chin.Bull.Entomol.,2005,42(6):717-720.
[16]Da爧gan H Y,zdogˇan A O,Kaftanogˇlu O,et al..Effectiveness of Bumblebee pollination in anti-frost heated tomato greenhouses in the Mediterranean basin[J].Turk.J.Agric.Forest.,2004,28(2):73-82.
[17]Pessarakli M M,Dris R.Pollination and breeding of eggplants[J].J.Food Agric.Environ.,2004,2(1):218-219.
[18]孙永深,安建东,童越敏,等.熊蜂(Bombus terrestris)为温室黄瓜授粉的效果研究[J].蜜蜂杂志,2003(8):3-5.Sun Y S,An J D,Tong Y M,et al..A study on the effect of Bombus terrestris pollination to greenhouse cucumber[J].J.Bee,2003(8):3-5.
[19]童越敏,彭文君,邢艳红,等.三种授粉方式对温室凯特杏的影响研究[J].蜜蜂杂志,2005(2):3-4.Tong Y M,Peng W J,Xing Y H,et al..Study on the effect of three pollination methods to greenhouse apricot[J].J.Bee,2005(2):3-4.
[20]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[21]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007.
[22]Malundo T M M,Shewfelt R L,Scott J W.Flavor quality of fresh tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)as affected by sugar and acid levels[J].Post.Biol.Technol.,1995,6(1/2):103-110.
[23]林海明,张文霖.主成分分析与因子分析的异同和SPSS软件---兼与刘玉玫、卢纹岱等同志商榷[J].统计研究,2005(3):65-69.
[24]吉沐祥,杨敬辉,吴祥,等.大棚草莓主要病害发生规律与绿色防控措施[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(10):114-117.
[25]王晓阁.枯草芽孢杆菌研究进展与展望[J].中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学·医学版),2012,33(3):14-23.Wang X G.Research progress and prospect of Bacillus subtilis[J].J.Grad.Sun Yat-Sen Univ.(Nat.Sci.Med.),2012,33(3):14-23.
[26]李雅丽,秦艳,周绪霞,等.6株芽孢杆菌的生物学特性比较研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):62-66.Li Y L,Qin Y,Zhou X X,et al..Comparative study on biological characteristics of six subtilis strains[J].Chin.Animal Hus.Vet.Medici.,2011,38(4):62-66.
[27]兰莹,王雪,胡贸英,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对寒地温室蔬菜病原菌的抑制研究[J].生物灾害科学,2017,40(4):263-267.Lan Y,Wang X,Hu M Y,et al..Inhibitory effects of Bacillus subtilis on plant pathogens of conservatory in high latitudes[J].Biol.Dis.Sci.,2017,40(4):263-267.
[28]王翠梅,李剑.枯草芽孢杆菌在有机蔬菜种植中的应用[J].上海农业科技,2017(4):142,144.
[29]陈丽丽,古燕翔,谷培云,等.植物免疫蛋白对有机栽培番茄生长、产量、品质及抗病性的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2015(9):44-47.Chen L L,Gu Y X,Gu P Y,et al..Effects of plant immune protein on tomato growth,yield,fruit quality and disease resistance in organic production system[J].Chin.Veg.,2015(9):44-47.
[30]郑怀训,许贵民,关爱年,等.海藻肥料对番茄产量及品质的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,1994(S1):124-127.Zheng H X,Xu G M,Guan A N,et al..Effect of seaweed fertilizer on tomato yield quality[J].J.Jilin Agric.Univ.,1994(S1):124-127.
[31]钱玲,童江云,任建青,等.植物免疫蛋白对草莓光合特性及果实品质、产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2018,33(1):163-167.Qian L,Tong J Y,Ren J Q,et al..Effect of plant immune protein on the photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality and yield of strawberry[J].J.Yunnan Agric.Univ.(Nat.Sci.),2018,33(1):163-167.
[32]盛世英,周强,邱德文,等.植物免疫蛋白制剂阿泰灵诱导小麦抗病增产效果及作用机制[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(2):213-218.Sheng S Y,Zhou Q,Qiu D W,et al..Effects and mechanism of disease resistance and yield improvement induced by plant immune protein preparation atailing in wheat[J].Chin.J.Biol.Control,2017,33(2):213-218.
[33]葛智文,张征,罗军武,等.植物免疫蛋白对茶叶产量及主要品质成分的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(5):682-685.Ge Z W,Zhang Z,Luo J W,et al..Effects of plant immune proteins on tea yield and main quality components[J].J.Southern Agric.,2016,47(5):682-685.
[2]王兴国.农业供给侧结构性改革应从微观政策给予激励[J].农村工作通讯,2018(10):48.
[3]邱德文.我国生物农药产业现状分析及发展战略的思考[J].生物产业技术,2011(5):40-43.
[4]米雅婷.基于GA-BP神经网络的温室番茄病害诊断研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,硕士学位论文,2016.Mi Y T.Research on greenhouse tomato disease diagnosis based on GA-BP network[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,Master Dissertation,2016.
[5]Jiang L B,Zhao K F,Wang D J,et al..Effects of differen treatment methods of the fungicide jinggangmycin on reproduction and vitellogenin gene(Nlvg)expression in the brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens Stl(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)[J].Pest.Biochem.Physiol.,2012,102(1):51-55.
[6]梁彦,张帅,邵振润,等.棉蚜抗药性及其化学防治[J].植物保护,2013,39(5):70-80.Liang Y,Zhang S,Shao Z R,et al..Insecticide resistance in and chemical control of the cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii(Glover)[J].Plant Protect.,2013,39(5):70-80.
[7]高希武.我国害虫化学防治现状与发展策略[J].植物保护,2010,36(4):19-22.Gao X W.Current status and development strategy for chemical control in China[J].Plant Protect.,2010,36(4):19-22.
[8]Ge L Q,Wang L P,Zhao K F,et al..Mating pair combinations of insecticide-treated male and female Nilaparvata lugens Stl(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)planthoppers influence protein content in the male accessory glands(MAGs)and vitellin content_x0007_in both fat bodies and ovaries of adult females[J].Pest.Biochem.Physiol.,2010,98(2):279-288.
[9]郅海霞.生物防治在农业病虫害防治上的应用研究[J].农业与技术,2018,38(04):68.
[10]李想,刘艳霞,陆宁,等.综合生物防控烟草青枯病及其对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(01):216-226.Li X,Liu Y X,Lu N,et al..Integrated bio-control of tobacco bacterial wilt and its effect on soil microbial community structure[J].Acta Pedologica Sin.,2017,54(01):216-226.
[11]俞寅达,孙婳珺,夏志辉.水稻纹枯病生物防控研究进展[J/OL].分子植物育种,http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.S.20180810.1516.008.html,2018-08-13.Yu Y D,Sun H J,Xia Z H.Process on biological control of rice sheath blight[J/OL].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.S.20180810.1516.008.html,2018-08-13.
[12]雷仲仁.病虫害生物防治是实现蔬菜安全生产的主要途径[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(15):2932-2934.Lei Z R.Biological control of diseases and insect pests is valid method to ensure vegetable safe producing[J].Sci.Agric.Sin.,2016,49(15):2932-2934.
[13]乔俊卿,刘邮洲,余翔,等.集成生物防治和秸秆还田技术对设施番茄增产及土传病害防控效果研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29(4):547-554.Qiao J Q,Liu Y Z,Yu X,et al..Evaluation of yield increasing and control efficiency of tomato soil-borne diseases under the integrated application of straw returning and biocontrol agent[J].Chin.J.Biol.Control,2013,29(4):547-554.
[14]文刚.绿色防控措施在有机蔬菜种植中的应用[J].南方农业,2014,8(18):31-32.
[15]吴杰,彭文君,安建东,等.授粉用明亮熊蜂的人工饲养技术[J].应用昆虫学报,2005,42(6):717-720.Wu J,Peng W J,An J D,et al..Rearing techniques of Bumbus lucorum[J].Chin.Bull.Entomol.,2005,42(6):717-720.
[16]Da爧gan H Y,zdogˇan A O,Kaftanogˇlu O,et al..Effectiveness of Bumblebee pollination in anti-frost heated tomato greenhouses in the Mediterranean basin[J].Turk.J.Agric.Forest.,2004,28(2):73-82.
[17]Pessarakli M M,Dris R.Pollination and breeding of eggplants[J].J.Food Agric.Environ.,2004,2(1):218-219.
[18]孙永深,安建东,童越敏,等.熊蜂(Bombus terrestris)为温室黄瓜授粉的效果研究[J].蜜蜂杂志,2003(8):3-5.Sun Y S,An J D,Tong Y M,et al..A study on the effect of Bombus terrestris pollination to greenhouse cucumber[J].J.Bee,2003(8):3-5.
[19]童越敏,彭文君,邢艳红,等.三种授粉方式对温室凯特杏的影响研究[J].蜜蜂杂志,2005(2):3-4.Tong Y M,Peng W J,Xing Y H,et al..Study on the effect of three pollination methods to greenhouse apricot[J].J.Bee,2005(2):3-4.
[20]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[21]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007.
[22]Malundo T M M,Shewfelt R L,Scott J W.Flavor quality of fresh tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)as affected by sugar and acid levels[J].Post.Biol.Technol.,1995,6(1/2):103-110.
[23]林海明,张文霖.主成分分析与因子分析的异同和SPSS软件---兼与刘玉玫、卢纹岱等同志商榷[J].统计研究,2005(3):65-69.
[24]吉沐祥,杨敬辉,吴祥,等.大棚草莓主要病害发生规律与绿色防控措施[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(10):114-117.
[25]王晓阁.枯草芽孢杆菌研究进展与展望[J].中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学·医学版),2012,33(3):14-23.Wang X G.Research progress and prospect of Bacillus subtilis[J].J.Grad.Sun Yat-Sen Univ.(Nat.Sci.Med.),2012,33(3):14-23.
[26]李雅丽,秦艳,周绪霞,等.6株芽孢杆菌的生物学特性比较研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):62-66.Li Y L,Qin Y,Zhou X X,et al..Comparative study on biological characteristics of six subtilis strains[J].Chin.Animal Hus.Vet.Medici.,2011,38(4):62-66.
[27]兰莹,王雪,胡贸英,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对寒地温室蔬菜病原菌的抑制研究[J].生物灾害科学,2017,40(4):263-267.Lan Y,Wang X,Hu M Y,et al..Inhibitory effects of Bacillus subtilis on plant pathogens of conservatory in high latitudes[J].Biol.Dis.Sci.,2017,40(4):263-267.
[28]王翠梅,李剑.枯草芽孢杆菌在有机蔬菜种植中的应用[J].上海农业科技,2017(4):142,144.
[29]陈丽丽,古燕翔,谷培云,等.植物免疫蛋白对有机栽培番茄生长、产量、品质及抗病性的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2015(9):44-47.Chen L L,Gu Y X,Gu P Y,et al..Effects of plant immune protein on tomato growth,yield,fruit quality and disease resistance in organic production system[J].Chin.Veg.,2015(9):44-47.
[30]郑怀训,许贵民,关爱年,等.海藻肥料对番茄产量及品质的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,1994(S1):124-127.Zheng H X,Xu G M,Guan A N,et al..Effect of seaweed fertilizer on tomato yield quality[J].J.Jilin Agric.Univ.,1994(S1):124-127.
[31]钱玲,童江云,任建青,等.植物免疫蛋白对草莓光合特性及果实品质、产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2018,33(1):163-167.Qian L,Tong J Y,Ren J Q,et al..Effect of plant immune protein on the photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality and yield of strawberry[J].J.Yunnan Agric.Univ.(Nat.Sci.),2018,33(1):163-167.
[32]盛世英,周强,邱德文,等.植物免疫蛋白制剂阿泰灵诱导小麦抗病增产效果及作用机制[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(2):213-218.Sheng S Y,Zhou Q,Qiu D W,et al..Effects and mechanism of disease resistance and yield improvement induced by plant immune protein preparation atailing in wheat[J].Chin.J.Biol.Control,2017,33(2):213-218.
[33]葛智文,张征,罗军武,等.植物免疫蛋白对茶叶产量及主要品质成分的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(5):682-685.Ge Z W,Zhang Z,Luo J W,et al..Effects of plant immune proteins on tea yield and main quality components[J].J.Southern Agric.,2016,47(5):682-685.