环境因素对新疆不同地区田旋花种子萌发的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究环境因素对新疆不同地区田旋花种子萌发的影响,为制定有效的杂草防除技术提供理论依据。【方法】通过室内测定,研究温度、盐碱度、干旱、pH值等环境因子对新疆阿拉尔市和新和县两个点田旋花种子萌发的影响。【结果】阿拉尔市、新和县田旋花种子在5～50℃恒温范围内,随着温度的升高发芽率先升高后降低;田旋花种子最低发芽温度为5℃,当温度上升到30～40℃,两个县市的田旋花种子发芽率均达到最大值,种子在15℃/5℃～45℃/35℃的变温条件下均可发芽,且当温度为40℃/30℃时发芽率最高。盐碱胁迫可降低田旋花种子的发芽率,当NaCl浓度大于300 mmol/L或NaHCO_3浓度大于250 mmol/L时,两个县市的田旋花种子不能萌发;同时,田旋花种子的萌发受水势的影响较大,随着水势的增加,田旋花种子的发芽率逐渐降低,当水势达-0.6 MPa时,新和县田旋花种子已不能萌发,当水势达到-1.0 MPa时,阿拉尔市田旋花种子的萌发率仅为2%;pH值5～10,两个县市的田旋花种子均能正常萌发。【结论】室内模拟实验条件下,温度、盐碱和水势均是影响新疆不同地区田旋花种子萌发的关键环境因素,而农田生态系统中,干旱胁迫和pH不是限制田旋花萌发的主要因素。
【Objective】 To study the influence of environmental factors on the seed germination of the field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis L.) in different areas of Xinjiang in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the development of effective weed control techniques. 【Method】Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the influence of environmental factors, including temperature, salinity-alkalinity, drought and pH, on germination of field bindweed seeds collected from Aral and Xinhe.【Result】Seeds did germinate at 5℃ and had a maximum germination at 30-40℃, followed by a decline in germination at 45 and 50℃. Seeds germinated at alternating temperature regimes from 15℃/5℃ to 45℃/35℃, with maximum germination at the alternating temperatures of 40℃/30 ℃. Germination was reduced by saline and alkaline stresses and no germination occurred at ≥ 300 mM NaCl or ≥ 250 mM NaHCO_3 concentrations. Moreover, germination decreased as water potential became more negative(-0.1 to-1.0 MPa). Seeds from Xinhe area could not germinate at-0.6 MPa and only 2% germination was observed at-1.0 MPa for seeds collected from Aral. However, pH values from 5 to 10 had no significant effect on germination, and pH was not a main factor limiting the seed germination of field bindweed.【Conclusion】Under the condition of laboratory simulation, temperature, saline-alkali and water potential were the key environmental factors affecting the seed germination of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis L.) in different areas of Xinjiang, while drought stress and pH were not the main factors restricting the germination in farmland ecosystem.
【Objective】 To study the influence of environmental factors on the seed germination of the field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis L.) in different areas of Xinjiang in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the development of effective weed control techniques. 【Method】Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the influence of environmental factors, including temperature, salinity-alkalinity, drought and pH, on germination of field bindweed seeds collected from Aral and Xinhe.【Result】Seeds did germinate at 5℃ and had a maximum germination at 30-40℃, followed by a decline in germination at 45 and 50℃. Seeds germinated at alternating temperature regimes from 15℃/5℃ to 45℃/35℃, with maximum germination at the alternating temperatures of 40℃/30 ℃. Germination was reduced by saline and alkaline stresses and no germination occurred at ≥ 300 mM NaCl or ≥ 250 mM NaHCO_3 concentrations. Moreover, germination decreased as water potential became more negative(-0.1 to-1.0 MPa). Seeds from Xinhe area could not germinate at-0.6 MPa and only 2% germination was observed at-1.0 MPa for seeds collected from Aral. However, pH values from 5 to 10 had no significant effect on germination, and pH was not a main factor limiting the seed germination of field bindweed.【Conclusion】Under the condition of laboratory simulation, temperature, saline-alkali and water potential were the key environmental factors affecting the seed germination of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis L.) in different areas of Xinjiang, while drought stress and pH were not the main factors restricting the germination in farmland ecosystem.
引文
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[2] Larry W.Mitich.(1991).Field bindweed.Weed Technology,5(4):913-915.
[3] Brown,E.O.,& Porter,R.H.(1942).The viability and germination of seeds of convolvulus arvensis l.and other perennial weeds.Iowa State Agricultural Experimental Station Research Bulletin:475-504.
[4] Prokop,P.,& Dominika NEUPAUEROVá.(2015).Flower closure in the field bindweed (convolvulus arvensis):a field test of the pollination hypothesis.Turkish Journal of Botany,38:877-882,38.
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[6] Tanveer,A.,Tasneem,M.,Khaliq,A.,Javaid,M.M.,& Chaudhry,M.N.(2013).Influence of seed size and ecological factors on the germination and emergence of field bindweed (convolvulus arvensis).Planta Daninha,31(1):39-51.
[7] 张少逸,魏守辉,张朝贤,等.刺萼龙葵种子休眠和萌发特性研究进展[J].杂草科学,2011,29(2):5-9.ZHANG Shao-yi,WEI Shou-hui,ZHANG Chao-xian,et al.(2011).Research advances on seed dormancy and germination of buffalobur(Solanum rostratum)[J].Weed Science,29(2):5-9.(in Chinese)
[8] 乔建明,王洪军,李举文,等.土壤盐碱地现状、改良利用及盐碱治理在新疆农业发展中的意义[J].新疆农垦科技,2015,(10):54-56.QIAO Jian-ming,WANG Hong-jun,LI Ju-wen,et al.(2015).The status,improvement and utilization and salination control of soil salinity and its significant on agricultural development in Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology,(10):54-56.(in Chinese)
[9] 张亚兰,孙金龙,秦翠兰,等.南疆阿拉尔棉田盐碱化分析和木醋液改良效果[J].中国棉花,2014,41(3):30-32,34.ZHANG Ya-lan,SUN Jin-long,QIN Cui-lan,et al.(2014).Salinity analysis of cotton fields of Alar in south Xinjiang and the amelioration effect of wood vinegar [J].China Cotton,41(3):30-32,34.(in Chinese)
[10] 董新光,邓铭江,周金龙,等.论新疆平原灌区土壤盐碱化与水资源开发[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(5):14-17.DONG Xin-guang,DENG Ming-jiang,ZHOU Jin-long,et al.(2005).On exploitation of water resources and soil salinization in irrigation area of Xinjiang plain [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,24(5):14-17.(in Chinese)
[11] XIONG Ren-ci,WANG Ying,WU Han-wen,et al.(2018).Seed treatments alleviate dormancy of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis L.)[J].Weed Technology,32(5):564-569.
[12] 张海洋,徐秀芳.三种龙葵种子萌发特性的研究[J].北方园艺,2011,(21):20-23.ZHANG Hai-yang,XU Xiu-fang.(2011).Study on seed germination characteristics of three nightshade [J].Northern Horticulture,(21):20-23.(in Chinese)
[13] Johnson,C.D.E.(2008).Germination ecology of goosegrass (eleusine indica):an important grass weed of rainfed rice.Weed Science,56(5):699-706.
[14] Asgarpour,R.,Ghorbani,R.,Khajeh-Hosseini,M.,Mohammadvand,E.,& Chauhan,B.S.(2015).Germination of spotted spurge (chamaesyce maculata) seeds in response to different environmental factors.Weed Science,63(2):502-510.
[15] 张勇,薛林贵,高天鹏,等.荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2005,(1):106-112.ZHANG Yong,XUE Lin-gui,GAO Tian-peng,et al.(2015).Research advance on seed germination of desert plants [J].Journal of Desert Research,25(1):106-112.(in Chinese)
[16] Bilquees Gul,D.J.W.(1999).Effect of salinity,light,and temperature on germination in allenrolfea occidentalis.Canadian Journal of Botany,77(2):240-246.
[17] Gulzar,S.,& Khan,M.A.(2001).Seed germination of a halophytic grass aeluropus lagopoides.Annals of Botany (London),87(3):319-324.
[18] Roberts,H.A.,& Lockett,P.M.(2010).Seed dormancy and field emergence in solanum nigrum l.Weed Research,18(4):231-241.
[19] Zhou,J.,Deckard,E.L.,& Messersmith,C.G.(2005).Factors affecting eastern black nightshade (solanum ptycanthum) seed germination.Weed Science,53(5):651-656.
[20] Honarmand,S.J.,Nosratti,I.,Nazari,K.,& Heidari,H.(2016).Factors affecting the seed germination and seedling emergence of muskweed ( m yagrum perfoliatum ).Weed Biology & Management,16(4):186-193.
[21] Thompson,K.,Grime,J.P.,& Mason,G.(1977).Seed germination in response to diurnal fluctuations of temperature.Nature,267(5607):147-149.
[22] LI Qi,TAN Jin-ni,LI Wei,et al.(2015).Effects of environmental factors on seed germination and emergence of Japanese brome(Bromus japonicus).Weed Science,63(3):641-646.
[23] Katembe,W.J.,Ungar,I.A.,& Mitchell,J.P.(1998).Effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of twoatriplexspecies (chenopodiaceae).Annals of Botany (London),82(2):167-175.
[24] Alba Marchioni-Ortu,E.B.(1984).A study of the germination responses of a sardinian population of sea fennel ( crithmum maritimum ).Canadian Journal of Botany,62(9):1,832-1,835.
[25] Wu,Y.,Wang,Y.,& Xie,X.(2014).Spatial occurrence and geochemistry of soil salinity in datong basin,northern china.Journal of Soils and Sediments,14(8):1,445-1,455.
[26] Zhao,Y.,Lu,Z.,& He,L.(2014).Effects of saline-alkaline stress on seed germination and seedling growth ofsorghum bicolor(l.) moench.Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,173(7):1,680-1,691.
[27] 付咪咪,李鲜花,李强.干旱胁迫对黄秋葵种子萌发的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(3):350-353.FU Mi-mi,LI Xian-hua,LI Qiang.(2018).Effect of drought stress on the germination of okra seed [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,46(3):350-353.(in Chinese)
[28] Chauhan,B.S.,Gill,G.,Preston,C.(2006).Factors affecting turnipweed(Rapistrum rugosum)seed germination in southern Australia.Weed Science,54(6):1,032-1,036.
[29] Chauhan,B.S.,Gill,G.,& Preston,C.(2006).Factors affecting seed germination of little mallow (malva parviflora) in southern australia.Weed Science,54(6):1,045-1,050.
[30] Chachalis,D.,& Reddy,K.N.(2000).Factors affecting＼r,campsis radicans＼r,seed germination and seedling emergence.Weed Science,48(2):212-216.
[2] Larry W.Mitich.(1991).Field bindweed.Weed Technology,5(4):913-915.
[3] Brown,E.O.,& Porter,R.H.(1942).The viability and germination of seeds of convolvulus arvensis l.and other perennial weeds.Iowa State Agricultural Experimental Station Research Bulletin:475-504.
[4] Prokop,P.,& Dominika NEUPAUEROVá.(2015).Flower closure in the field bindweed (convolvulus arvensis):a field test of the pollination hypothesis.Turkish Journal of Botany,38:877-882,38.
[5] Waddington,K.D.(1976).Foraging patterns of halictid bees at flowers of＼r,convolvulus arvensis.Psyche:A Journal of Entomology,83(1):112-119.
[6] Tanveer,A.,Tasneem,M.,Khaliq,A.,Javaid,M.M.,& Chaudhry,M.N.(2013).Influence of seed size and ecological factors on the germination and emergence of field bindweed (convolvulus arvensis).Planta Daninha,31(1):39-51.
[7] 张少逸,魏守辉,张朝贤,等.刺萼龙葵种子休眠和萌发特性研究进展[J].杂草科学,2011,29(2):5-9.ZHANG Shao-yi,WEI Shou-hui,ZHANG Chao-xian,et al.(2011).Research advances on seed dormancy and germination of buffalobur(Solanum rostratum)[J].Weed Science,29(2):5-9.(in Chinese)
[8] 乔建明,王洪军,李举文,等.土壤盐碱地现状、改良利用及盐碱治理在新疆农业发展中的意义[J].新疆农垦科技,2015,(10):54-56.QIAO Jian-ming,WANG Hong-jun,LI Ju-wen,et al.(2015).The status,improvement and utilization and salination control of soil salinity and its significant on agricultural development in Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology,(10):54-56.(in Chinese)
[9] 张亚兰,孙金龙,秦翠兰,等.南疆阿拉尔棉田盐碱化分析和木醋液改良效果[J].中国棉花,2014,41(3):30-32,34.ZHANG Ya-lan,SUN Jin-long,QIN Cui-lan,et al.(2014).Salinity analysis of cotton fields of Alar in south Xinjiang and the amelioration effect of wood vinegar [J].China Cotton,41(3):30-32,34.(in Chinese)
[10] 董新光,邓铭江,周金龙,等.论新疆平原灌区土壤盐碱化与水资源开发[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(5):14-17.DONG Xin-guang,DENG Ming-jiang,ZHOU Jin-long,et al.(2005).On exploitation of water resources and soil salinization in irrigation area of Xinjiang plain [J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,24(5):14-17.(in Chinese)
[11] XIONG Ren-ci,WANG Ying,WU Han-wen,et al.(2018).Seed treatments alleviate dormancy of field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis L.)[J].Weed Technology,32(5):564-569.
[12] 张海洋,徐秀芳.三种龙葵种子萌发特性的研究[J].北方园艺,2011,(21):20-23.ZHANG Hai-yang,XU Xiu-fang.(2011).Study on seed germination characteristics of three nightshade [J].Northern Horticulture,(21):20-23.(in Chinese)
[13] Johnson,C.D.E.(2008).Germination ecology of goosegrass (eleusine indica):an important grass weed of rainfed rice.Weed Science,56(5):699-706.
[14] Asgarpour,R.,Ghorbani,R.,Khajeh-Hosseini,M.,Mohammadvand,E.,& Chauhan,B.S.(2015).Germination of spotted spurge (chamaesyce maculata) seeds in response to different environmental factors.Weed Science,63(2):502-510.
[15] 张勇,薛林贵,高天鹏,等.荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2005,(1):106-112.ZHANG Yong,XUE Lin-gui,GAO Tian-peng,et al.(2015).Research advance on seed germination of desert plants [J].Journal of Desert Research,25(1):106-112.(in Chinese)
[16] Bilquees Gul,D.J.W.(1999).Effect of salinity,light,and temperature on germination in allenrolfea occidentalis.Canadian Journal of Botany,77(2):240-246.
[17] Gulzar,S.,& Khan,M.A.(2001).Seed germination of a halophytic grass aeluropus lagopoides.Annals of Botany (London),87(3):319-324.
[18] Roberts,H.A.,& Lockett,P.M.(2010).Seed dormancy and field emergence in solanum nigrum l.Weed Research,18(4):231-241.
[19] Zhou,J.,Deckard,E.L.,& Messersmith,C.G.(2005).Factors affecting eastern black nightshade (solanum ptycanthum) seed germination.Weed Science,53(5):651-656.
[20] Honarmand,S.J.,Nosratti,I.,Nazari,K.,& Heidari,H.(2016).Factors affecting the seed germination and seedling emergence of muskweed ( m yagrum perfoliatum ).Weed Biology & Management,16(4):186-193.
[21] Thompson,K.,Grime,J.P.,& Mason,G.(1977).Seed germination in response to diurnal fluctuations of temperature.Nature,267(5607):147-149.
[22] LI Qi,TAN Jin-ni,LI Wei,et al.(2015).Effects of environmental factors on seed germination and emergence of Japanese brome(Bromus japonicus).Weed Science,63(3):641-646.
[23] Katembe,W.J.,Ungar,I.A.,& Mitchell,J.P.(1998).Effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of twoatriplexspecies (chenopodiaceae).Annals of Botany (London),82(2):167-175.
[24] Alba Marchioni-Ortu,E.B.(1984).A study of the germination responses of a sardinian population of sea fennel ( crithmum maritimum ).Canadian Journal of Botany,62(9):1,832-1,835.
[25] Wu,Y.,Wang,Y.,& Xie,X.(2014).Spatial occurrence and geochemistry of soil salinity in datong basin,northern china.Journal of Soils and Sediments,14(8):1,445-1,455.
[26] Zhao,Y.,Lu,Z.,& He,L.(2014).Effects of saline-alkaline stress on seed germination and seedling growth ofsorghum bicolor(l.) moench.Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,173(7):1,680-1,691.
[27] 付咪咪,李鲜花,李强.干旱胁迫对黄秋葵种子萌发的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(3):350-353.FU Mi-mi,LI Xian-hua,LI Qiang.(2018).Effect of drought stress on the germination of okra seed [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,46(3):350-353.(in Chinese)
[28] Chauhan,B.S.,Gill,G.,Preston,C.(2006).Factors affecting turnipweed(Rapistrum rugosum)seed germination in southern Australia.Weed Science,54(6):1,032-1,036.
[29] Chauhan,B.S.,Gill,G.,& Preston,C.(2006).Factors affecting seed germination of little mallow (malva parviflora) in southern australia.Weed Science,54(6):1,045-1,050.
[30] Chachalis,D.,& Reddy,K.N.(2000).Factors affecting＼r,campsis radicans＼r,seed germination and seedling emergence.Weed Science,48(2):212-216.