岩溶地表河旱季有色溶解有机质组成及来源:以金佛山碧潭河为例
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摘要
岩溶水体中的有机碳汇是岩溶碳汇的重要组成部分,为探明地处亚热带的岩溶地表河——碧潭河水体CDOM的组成及来源,于2017年1~3月开展从上游至下游9个点位的调查,利用三维荧光光谱结合紫外-可见吸收光谱以及常规水化学指标,分析碧潭河CDOM组成和来源及其影响因素.结果表明:(1)碧潭河水体中HCO_3~-的质量分数>70%、Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)的质量分数>80%,为主要阴阳离子,水化学性质主要受岩石风化作用的影响;(2)水体CDOM在旱季主要由类腐殖酸(C1)、类富里酸(C2)和类酪氨酸(C3)组成,FI、BIX、HIX以及β:α的平均值分别为2.06、0.87、4.35和0.69,较高的FI、BIX、β∶α以及较低的HIX显示碧潭河水体CDOM在旱季整体而言具有较强的自生源特征;(3)水体中DIC质量浓度与C2、C3荧光强度得分的相关性系数分别为0.515(P<0.05)和0.644(P<0.01),表明水生生物光合作用固定DIC对水体中CDOM的形成起到重要作用,该过程是对岩石风化碳汇的转换和稳定.
Since resistant dissolved organic matter(RDOM) plays a critically important role in a karst carbon sink,one of the most important continental carbon sinks,research focusing on the origination,transportation,and translation of RDOM in a karst water system is important.Currently,3D-fluorescence EEMs are used to detect the composition and origination of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM),an important part of RDOM.This is a very fast and efficient method for CDOM analysis.In this study,3D fluorencence EEMs combined with UV-visible absorption spectrum were used to analyze the composition and origination of CDOM in the Bitan River at Jinfo Mountain.Samples were collected from nine sampling sites from January to March 2017 and analyzed with CDOM EEMs and UV-visible absorption spectrums.In addition hydrochemical characteristics were determined and then samples were stimulated with PARAFAC to detect the chromophoric fluorescent groups and indexes.The PARAFAC stimulation revealed three chromophoric fluorescent groups in which fulvic acid was the largest component,accounting for about 44%,with a humic acid content of about 32% and tyrosine-like acid content of about 24%.Four indexes: FI,BIX,HIX,and β∶ α,were calculated,and the mean values were 2.06,0.87,4.35 and 0.69,which showed relatively high FI,BIX,and β∶ α values and a low HIX value,implying that the CDOM was autochthonous and originated from microbes and aquatic plants in the dry season.The spatial dynamic of the index revealed an increased BIX and decreased HIX from the upstream area to the downstream area,implying the impact of land-use and human activities.The forest soil input more humic acid and agriculture input more N and P resulting in flourishing aquatic plants and microbes.Moreover,the correlation coefficients of DIC and humic acid,tyrosine-like acid were 0.515(P < 0.05) and 0.644(P <0.01),from which it could be inferred that DIC contributed to CDOM formation.The conclusions of this study revealed that DIC would be fixed by karst water aquatic plants and microbes and then sink as autochthonous CDOM and become part of karst water carbon sink.
Since resistant dissolved organic matter(RDOM) plays a critically important role in a karst carbon sink,one of the most important continental carbon sinks,research focusing on the origination,transportation,and translation of RDOM in a karst water system is important.Currently,3D-fluorescence EEMs are used to detect the composition and origination of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM),an important part of RDOM.This is a very fast and efficient method for CDOM analysis.In this study,3D fluorencence EEMs combined with UV-visible absorption spectrum were used to analyze the composition and origination of CDOM in the Bitan River at Jinfo Mountain.Samples were collected from nine sampling sites from January to March 2017 and analyzed with CDOM EEMs and UV-visible absorption spectrums.In addition hydrochemical characteristics were determined and then samples were stimulated with PARAFAC to detect the chromophoric fluorescent groups and indexes.The PARAFAC stimulation revealed three chromophoric fluorescent groups in which fulvic acid was the largest component,accounting for about 44%,with a humic acid content of about 32% and tyrosine-like acid content of about 24%.Four indexes: FI,BIX,HIX,and β∶ α,were calculated,and the mean values were 2.06,0.87,4.35 and 0.69,which showed relatively high FI,BIX,and β∶ α values and a low HIX value,implying that the CDOM was autochthonous and originated from microbes and aquatic plants in the dry season.The spatial dynamic of the index revealed an increased BIX and decreased HIX from the upstream area to the downstream area,implying the impact of land-use and human activities.The forest soil input more humic acid and agriculture input more N and P resulting in flourishing aquatic plants and microbes.Moreover,the correlation coefficients of DIC and humic acid,tyrosine-like acid were 0.515(P < 0.05) and 0.644(P <0.01),from which it could be inferred that DIC contributed to CDOM formation.The conclusions of this study revealed that DIC would be fixed by karst water aquatic plants and microbes and then sink as autochthonous CDOM and become part of karst water carbon sink.
引文
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[4]张媚,孙玉川,谢正兰,等.雨季不同土地利用下表层岩溶泉中脂肪酸来源分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):3049-3057.Zhang M,Sun Y C,Xie Z L,et al.Impacts of land use on the source of dissolved fatty acids in epikarst spring during rainy season[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(8):3049-3057.
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[6]谢正兰,孙玉川,张媚,等.岩溶地下河水中多环芳烃、脂肪酸分布特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2547-2555.Xie Z L,Sun Y C,Zhang M,et al.Distribution characteristics and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,fatty acids in water of karst underground river[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2547-2555.
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[9]傅平青,吴丰昌,刘丛强,等.高原湖泊溶解有机质的三维荧光光谱特性初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,38(6):512-520.Fu P Q,Wu F C,Liu C Q,et al.Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy of dissolved organic matter from Chinese highland lakes[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2007,38(6):512-520.
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[11]甘淑钗,吴莹,鲍红艳,等.长江溶解有机质三维荧光光谱的平行因子分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(6):1045-1052.Gan S C,Wu Y,Bao H Y,et al.Characterization of DOM(dissolved organic matter)in Yangtze River using 3-D fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(6):1045-1052.
[12]王雪纯.三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析在大辽河溶解有机质研究中的应用[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2015.Wang X C.The application of excitation/emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis in the study of dissolved organic matter in Daliao River[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University,2015.
[13]高洁,江韬,李璐璐,等.三峡库区消落带土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)吸收及荧光光谱特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):151-162.Gao J,Jiang T,Li L L,et al.Ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)and fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in soils of water-level fluctuation zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir region[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(1):151-162.
[14]Birdwell J E,Engel A S.Characterization of dissolved organic matter in cave and spring waters using UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy[J].Organic Geochemistry,2010,41(3):270-280.
[15]卢晓漩,彭文杰,李强,等.岩溶区水库冬季溶解有机质组成特征及来源:以桂林五里峡水库为例[J].环境科学,2017,38(10):4120-4129.Lu X X,Peng W J,Li Q,et al.Distinguishing the properties and sources of the dissolved organic matter in karst reservoir water during winter using three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum technology:A case study in Wulixia reservoir of Guangxi Province[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(10):4120-4129.
[16]姚昕,邹胜章,夏日元,等.典型岩溶水系统中溶解性有机质的运移特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(5):1766-1772.Yao X,Zou S Z,Xia R Y,et al.Dissolved organic matter(DOM)dynamics in karst aquifer systems[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(5):1766-1772.
[17]师阳.重庆金佛山土壤中PAHs的海拔梯度分布及来源路径分析[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.Shi Y.Altitudinal gradient distribution and source path analysis of PAHs in soil of Jinfo Mountain,Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2015.
[18]肖可.金佛山地区地下水与地表水水文地球化学及氢氧同位素特征分析[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.Xiao K.Analysis of hydrogeochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of surface water and groundwater in Jinfo Mt[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2015.
[19]Bricaud A,Morel A,Prieur L.Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea(yellow substance)in the UV and visible domains[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1981,26(1):43-53.
[20]Twardowski M S,Boss E,Sullivan J M,et al.Modeling the spectral shape of absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter[J].Marine Chemistry,2004,89(1-4):69-88.
[21]Helms J R,Stubbins A,Ritchie J D,et al.Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight,source,and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2008,53(3):955-969.
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