三种渤海原油蒸发特性及对溢油分散剂乳化作用影响的实验研究
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摘要
作为海面溢油风化的重要过程之一,蒸发会导致溢油组分和性质发生显著变化,从而对溢油分散剂的使用效果产生明显影响。本研究选取三种渤海原油样品开展油品蒸发实验,并对蒸发过程对溢油分散剂乳化效果的影响进行评价。结果表明,在72h蒸发周期内,渤西、旅大10-1和蓬莱19-3原油的蒸发率和运动黏度随蒸发时间的延长均呈逐渐增大的趋势。原油蒸发会减弱溢油分散剂对油品的乳化分散效果。在油品蒸发过程的前12h内,溢油分散剂对油品的乳化率显著降低,12h之后乳化率变化不大。溢油分散剂对不同类型原油的乳化效果不同。与旅大10-1和蓬莱19-3原油相比,尽管渤西原油密度较低,但由于其含蜡量高,溢油分散剂对该原油的乳化效果并没有表现出明显优势。研究结果对于海上溢油事故处置中溢油分散剂的使用具有指导意义。
As one of the important processes of oil weathering,evaporation can lead to the changes in oil composition and properties,which Can significantly influence the dispersant efficiency.In this study,three crude oils from Bohai Sea field were chosen to conduct oil evaporation experiments,and then the influence of evaporation on dispersant efficiency was evaluated.The results showed that,the evaporation percentageand kinematic viscosityall increased with the evaporation timeexpandingin 72 hfor Boxi,Lvda10-1 and Penglai 19-3 crude oil.Evaporationof crude oil could reduce the dispersant efficiency.Thedispersant effectiveness on the crude oils decreased significantly in the first 12 hours of evaporation,and then showed little change after 12 hours.The dispersant efficiency on three crude oils was different.Although the density of Boxi crude oil was lower than Lvda10-1 and Penglai 19-3 crude oil,the efficiency of dispersant did not show obvious advantages due to the high wax content of the oil.The results of this study have an important guiding meaning for dispersant usingin oil spill response.
As one of the important processes of oil weathering,evaporation can lead to the changes in oil composition and properties,which Can significantly influence the dispersant efficiency.In this study,three crude oils from Bohai Sea field were chosen to conduct oil evaporation experiments,and then the influence of evaporation on dispersant efficiency was evaluated.The results showed that,the evaporation percentageand kinematic viscosityall increased with the evaporation timeexpandingin 72 hfor Boxi,Lvda10-1 and Penglai 19-3 crude oil.Evaporationof crude oil could reduce the dispersant efficiency.Thedispersant effectiveness on the crude oils decreased significantly in the first 12 hours of evaporation,and then showed little change after 12 hours.The dispersant efficiency on three crude oils was different.Although the density of Boxi crude oil was lower than Lvda10-1 and Penglai 19-3 crude oil,the efficiency of dispersant did not show obvious advantages due to the high wax content of the oil.The results of this study have an important guiding meaning for dispersant usingin oil spill response.
引文
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[2]Fingas M,Fieldhouse B.Formation of water-in-oil emulsions and application to oil spill modeling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2004,107(1-2):37-50.
[3]Sebastiao P,Soares C G.Modeling the fate of oil spills at sea[J].Spill Science&Technology Bulletin,1995,2(2-3):121-131.
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[10]Chandrasekar S,Sorial G A,Weaver J W.Dispersant effectiveness on oil spills-impact of salinity[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2006,63(8):1418-1430.
[11]Daling P S,Leirvik F,Almas I K,et al.Surface weathering and dispersibility of MC252crude oil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,87(1-2):300-310.
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[14]赵云英,马永安,吴吉琨,等.波浪槽模拟海况检验消油剂的乳化性能[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(4):67-70.Zhao Y Y,Ma Y A,Wu J K,et al.Assessment on the emulsification principle of dispersants with a wave hrough by simulating the movement of the surf[J].Marine Environmental Science,2004,23(4):67-70.
[15]赵玉慧,张友篪,孙培艳.化学消油剂在溢油污染控制中的应用及其今后发展方向[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(1):97-100.Zhao Y H,Zhang Y C,Sun P Y.Application and further development of dispersants in pollution control of oil spill[J].Marine Environmental Science,2006,25(1):97-100.
[16]包木太,管丽君,马爱青,等.化学消油剂乳化效果影响因素研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42(9):53-58.Bao M T,Guan L J,Ma A Q,et al.Study on influencing factors of chemicaloil dispersant emulsification[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(9):53-58.
[17]钱国栋.消油剂对原油乳化效果评估波浪槽实验[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(2):274-278.Qian G D.Evaluating chemical dispersant efficacy on crude oils in a wave tank[J].Marine Environmental Science,2016,35(2):274-278.
[18]张秀芝,李筠,隋俨,等.海上溢油风化特性及化学分散效果的影响因素研究[J].海洋环境科学,1997,16(3):40-45.Zhang X Z,Li Y,Sui Y,et al.Study on the weathering characteristic of the spill oil and the effecting factors of the dispersion efficiency[J].Marine Environmental Science,1997,16(3):40-45.
[19]GB/T 11137-1989,深色石油产品运动黏度测定法(逆流法)和动力黏度计算法[S].GB/T 11137-1989,Black petroleum products-determination of kinematic viscosity(reverse-flow method)and calculation of dynamic viscosity[S].
[20]GB 18188.1-2000,溢油分散剂技术条件[S].GB 18188.1-2000,Oil spill dispersant-technical regulations[S].
[21]Fingas M F.The evaporation of oil spills:development and implementation of new prediction methodology[C].//Proceedings of the 1999International Oil Spill Conference.Washington:American Petroleum Institute,2001,281-287.
[22]Jha M N,Levy J,Gao Y.Advances in Remote Sensing for Oil Spill Disaster Management:State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology for Oil Spill Surveillance[J].Sensors,2008,8(1):236-255.
[23]李广茹.环境因子对4种溢油分散剂乳化性能的影响[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(10):95-97.Li G R.Effect of environmental factors on emulsifying properties of 4kinds of oil dispersants[J].Ocean Development and Management,2013,30(10):95-97.
[24]周海燕.歧口17-2油田西高点剩余油分布的地质因素研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007.Zhou H Y.Geological factor study of remaining-oil for west block in QK17-2oilfield[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2007.
[2]Fingas M,Fieldhouse B.Formation of water-in-oil emulsions and application to oil spill modeling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2004,107(1-2):37-50.
[3]Sebastiao P,Soares C G.Modeling the fate of oil spills at sea[J].Spill Science&Technology Bulletin,1995,2(2-3):121-131.
[4]Fingas M F.Studies on the evaporation of oil spills[R].Ottawa,Ontario:The Seventeenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar,Environment Canada,1994.
[5]Wang Z D,Fingas M.Study of the effects of weathering on the chemical composition of a light crude oil using GC/MS GC/FID[J].Journal of Microcolumn Separations,1995,7(6):617-639.
[6]Lessard R R,De Marco G.The significance of oil spilldispersants[J].Spill Science and Technology Bulletin,2000,6(1):59-68.
[7]Chapman H,PurnellK,Law R J,et al.The use of chemical dispersants to combat oil spills at sea:A review of practice and research needs in Europe[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,54(7):827-838.
[8]Lubchenco J,Mc Nutt M K,Dreyfus G,et al.Science in support of the Deepwater Horizon response[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012,109(50):20212-20221.
[9]Canevari G P,Calcavecchio P,Becker K W,et al.Key parameters affecting the dispersion of viscous oil[C].//Proceedings of the2001International Oil Spill Conference.Washington:American Petroleum Institute,2001,479-483.
[10]Chandrasekar S,Sorial G A,Weaver J W.Dispersant effectiveness on oil spills-impact of salinity[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2006,63(8):1418-1430.
[11]Daling P S,Leirvik F,Almas I K,et al.Surface weathering and dispersibility of MC252crude oil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,87(1-2):300-310.
[12]苏君夫.影响消油剂使用效果的因素研究[J].海洋环境科学,1990,9(4):18-23.Su J F.Study on the factors affecting the use of oil dispersant[J].Marine Environmental Science,1990,9(4):18-23.
[13]于沉鱼,曹立新,李玉琴.消油剂乳化率影响因素研究[J].交通环保,2000,21(1):18-23.Yu C Y,Cao L X,Li Y Q.Study on the factors of influencing the efficiency of emulsification of oil dispersant[J].Environmental Protection in Transportation,2000,21(1):18-23.
[14]赵云英,马永安,吴吉琨,等.波浪槽模拟海况检验消油剂的乳化性能[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(4):67-70.Zhao Y Y,Ma Y A,Wu J K,et al.Assessment on the emulsification principle of dispersants with a wave hrough by simulating the movement of the surf[J].Marine Environmental Science,2004,23(4):67-70.
[15]赵玉慧,张友篪,孙培艳.化学消油剂在溢油污染控制中的应用及其今后发展方向[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(1):97-100.Zhao Y H,Zhang Y C,Sun P Y.Application and further development of dispersants in pollution control of oil spill[J].Marine Environmental Science,2006,25(1):97-100.
[16]包木太,管丽君,马爱青,等.化学消油剂乳化效果影响因素研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42(9):53-58.Bao M T,Guan L J,Ma A Q,et al.Study on influencing factors of chemicaloil dispersant emulsification[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(9):53-58.
[17]钱国栋.消油剂对原油乳化效果评估波浪槽实验[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(2):274-278.Qian G D.Evaluating chemical dispersant efficacy on crude oils in a wave tank[J].Marine Environmental Science,2016,35(2):274-278.
[18]张秀芝,李筠,隋俨,等.海上溢油风化特性及化学分散效果的影响因素研究[J].海洋环境科学,1997,16(3):40-45.Zhang X Z,Li Y,Sui Y,et al.Study on the weathering characteristic of the spill oil and the effecting factors of the dispersion efficiency[J].Marine Environmental Science,1997,16(3):40-45.
[19]GB/T 11137-1989,深色石油产品运动黏度测定法(逆流法)和动力黏度计算法[S].GB/T 11137-1989,Black petroleum products-determination of kinematic viscosity(reverse-flow method)and calculation of dynamic viscosity[S].
[20]GB 18188.1-2000,溢油分散剂技术条件[S].GB 18188.1-2000,Oil spill dispersant-technical regulations[S].
[21]Fingas M F.The evaporation of oil spills:development and implementation of new prediction methodology[C].//Proceedings of the 1999International Oil Spill Conference.Washington:American Petroleum Institute,2001,281-287.
[22]Jha M N,Levy J,Gao Y.Advances in Remote Sensing for Oil Spill Disaster Management:State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology for Oil Spill Surveillance[J].Sensors,2008,8(1):236-255.
[23]李广茹.环境因子对4种溢油分散剂乳化性能的影响[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(10):95-97.Li G R.Effect of environmental factors on emulsifying properties of 4kinds of oil dispersants[J].Ocean Development and Management,2013,30(10):95-97.
[24]周海燕.歧口17-2油田西高点剩余油分布的地质因素研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007.Zhou H Y.Geological factor study of remaining-oil for west block in QK17-2oilfield[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2007.