基于行为安全理论船舶溢油污染的人为因素研究
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摘要
船舶溢油污染事故对海洋环境造成了严重的危害,而事故的发生主要是由人为因素中的不安全行为所导致。通过对相关船舶溢油污染事故的分析发现,船员的不安全行为主要有装油作业操作失误、航行中操作不规范和卸油作业操作不当;究其原因,海事机构监管不严,航运公司管理不到位和教育培训机构忽视船员培训质量,最终导致船员不安全行为的产生;要对船员的不安全行为进行纠偏,需要加强海事机构的监督管理,加强航运公司对船员的管理和提高教育培训机构对船员的培训质量,以减少船员不安全行为的产生,保障船舶的安全。
The ship oil spillaccidents have caused serious harm to the marine environment,and the unsafe human behaviors are the main factors. According to the analysis of the ship oil spill accidents,we find that the crew has some unsafe behaviors includingoil loadingoperational error,improper operation of sailing and unsafebehavior of unloading oil. The main causesof such acts are that the supervision of the maritime agency is lax,the management of the shipping companies is not in place,and the training institutions ignore the training quality of the crew,which ultimately lead to their unsafe behaviors. To correct the conduct,it is necessary to strengthen the supervisionof the maritime agency,to enhance the management quality of shipping companies and improve the training provided by the traininginstitutions,so that the crew unsafe acts can be reduced to safeguard the shipping safety.
The ship oil spillaccidents have caused serious harm to the marine environment,and the unsafe human behaviors are the main factors. According to the analysis of the ship oil spill accidents,we find that the crew has some unsafe behaviors includingoil loadingoperational error,improper operation of sailing and unsafebehavior of unloading oil. The main causesof such acts are that the supervision of the maritime agency is lax,the management of the shipping companies is not in place,and the training institutions ignore the training quality of the crew,which ultimately lead to their unsafe behaviors. To correct the conduct,it is necessary to strengthen the supervisionof the maritime agency,to enhance the management quality of shipping companies and improve the training provided by the traininginstitutions,so that the crew unsafe acts can be reduced to safeguard the shipping safety.
引文
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[3]陈家富.船员管理中存在的相关问题及对策[J].海事管理,2010,(10):46-48.
[4]虞叶芳.船员素质与海上安全[J].天津航海,2015,(3):30-32.
[5]王斌.船员疲劳原因分析及对策[J].航运经纬,2017,(6):36-38.
[6]孙爱军,刘茂.行为安全管理理论在我国的实践困境及其解决途径[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,(19):58-63.
[7]李乃文,季大奖.行为安全管理在煤矿行为管理中的应用研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(12):115-121.
[8]曹庆仁,李凯,刘丽娜.煤矿安全文化对员工行为安全影响作用的实证研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(4):143-149.
[9]周斌,梁刚,赵益栋.我国沿海港口船舶溢油事故分析及对策研究[J].海洋技术,2009,28(3):87-90.
[10]韩省志.船舶在“供受油”作业中发生溢油事故的特点及对策[J].天津航海,2004,(4):42-44.
[11]蒋夕良.船舶操作性污染事故成因分析[J].中国水运,2009,(3):26-27.
[12]吴智勇,张细兵.船员综合素质的培养与船舶安全[J].中国水运,2006,(5):112-113.
[13]贺召强,段贵军,吕安勤.从系统的角度探讨水上交通安全问题[J].世界海运,2011,(12):38-39.
[2]W H Heinrich,D Peterson,N Roos. Industrial accident prevention[M]. New York:Mc Graw-Hill Book Company,1980:22-25.
[3]陈家富.船员管理中存在的相关问题及对策[J].海事管理,2010,(10):46-48.
[4]虞叶芳.船员素质与海上安全[J].天津航海,2015,(3):30-32.
[5]王斌.船员疲劳原因分析及对策[J].航运经纬,2017,(6):36-38.
[6]孙爱军,刘茂.行为安全管理理论在我国的实践困境及其解决途径[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,(19):58-63.
[7]李乃文,季大奖.行为安全管理在煤矿行为管理中的应用研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(12):115-121.
[8]曹庆仁,李凯,刘丽娜.煤矿安全文化对员工行为安全影响作用的实证研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(4):143-149.
[9]周斌,梁刚,赵益栋.我国沿海港口船舶溢油事故分析及对策研究[J].海洋技术,2009,28(3):87-90.
[10]韩省志.船舶在“供受油”作业中发生溢油事故的特点及对策[J].天津航海,2004,(4):42-44.
[11]蒋夕良.船舶操作性污染事故成因分析[J].中国水运,2009,(3):26-27.
[12]吴智勇,张细兵.船员综合素质的培养与船舶安全[J].中国水运,2006,(5):112-113.
[13]贺召强,段贵军,吕安勤.从系统的角度探讨水上交通安全问题[J].世界海运,2011,(12):38-39.