准噶尔盆地深层地质结构叠加演变与油气赋存
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摘要
根据地表露头、地震、钻井、测年资料,应用地层回剥方法,对准噶尔盆地深层结构进行了解剖。现今的构造区划是石炭系顶面隆-坳格局的反映,深、浅层地层沉积隆-坳格局和构造变形特征存在差异。石炭纪末的构造事件导致盆地褶皱变形、隆升剥蚀,形成了北西向为主的背向斜构造。早二叠世—中二叠世,沉积在南部,存在多沉积中心、多构造应力环境,形成了二叠纪早中期重要的烃源岩层系。晚二叠世—侏罗纪存在两期大型湖进坳陷盆地沉积,将下伏盆地埋藏,为盆地重要的区域盖层。早侏罗世—中侏罗世西山窑组含煤岩系是盆地内重要的烃源岩层系,中侏罗统头屯河组沉积前,盆地内形成西南高、北东低的大型车莫古隆起,并遭受了强烈剥蚀。白垩系沉积前,盆地受深层断裂活动控制,在侏罗系形成雁列组合正断层构造。白垩纪—新生代,盆地发生翘倾构造作用,北天山山前强烈沉降,褶皱变形,北部隆升。盆地深层存在石炭系、二叠系和侏罗系富含有机质的烃源岩,与叠合连片发育的三叠系、侏罗系、白垩系、新生界泥岩、煤系、膏泥岩等构成了盆地内多套源-盖组合,成为盆地油气富集的基础。盆地深层油气围绕构造变动后的富烃中心区赋存。
We investigated the deep geological structure of the Junggar Basin based on recent exploration and dating data and previous research results.We found that the present tectonic division,based on the pattern of Carboniferous top structure,can not reflect the uplift and depression in each evolutionary stage.The uplift and depression patterns and structural deformations are difference in deep and shallow sedimentary basins.The tectonic events at the end of the Carboniferous resulted in fold deformation,uplift and erosion,forming a NW-trending anticline and syncline structures in the basin.From Early to Middle Permian,multi sedimentary centers and tectonic settings led to the formation of important hydrocarbon source rock.Then from Late Permian to Jurassic,important regional cover layer of the basin was formed during two transgressive evolution stages of large lake sedimentary rocks burying the pre-basin.The coal-bearing Badaowan and Xishanyao Formations developed important source rocks.The large Che-Mo paleo-uplift formed prior to the deposition of the Toutunhe formation and experienced strong erosion.Tectonic event before the Cretaceous resulted in the formation of NW-and NE-trending micro strike-slip faults along deep faults.From the Cretaceous to Cenozoic,the basin basement was tilted toward northern Tianshan,with northern Tianshan front strongly subsided,formation strongly deformed,and the northern part of the basin uplifted and eroded.The deep basin possesses Carboniferous,Permian and Jurassic organic rich source rocks.Together with deep sourced mudstone,coal-bearing rock and gypsum of the Triassic,Jurassic,Cretaceous and Cenozoic,they formed multi source-cap structure,giving rise to oil and gas enrichment in the deep basin and developing hydrocarbon center for deep oil and gas accumulation.
We investigated the deep geological structure of the Junggar Basin based on recent exploration and dating data and previous research results.We found that the present tectonic division,based on the pattern of Carboniferous top structure,can not reflect the uplift and depression in each evolutionary stage.The uplift and depression patterns and structural deformations are difference in deep and shallow sedimentary basins.The tectonic events at the end of the Carboniferous resulted in fold deformation,uplift and erosion,forming a NW-trending anticline and syncline structures in the basin.From Early to Middle Permian,multi sedimentary centers and tectonic settings led to the formation of important hydrocarbon source rock.Then from Late Permian to Jurassic,important regional cover layer of the basin was formed during two transgressive evolution stages of large lake sedimentary rocks burying the pre-basin.The coal-bearing Badaowan and Xishanyao Formations developed important source rocks.The large Che-Mo paleo-uplift formed prior to the deposition of the Toutunhe formation and experienced strong erosion.Tectonic event before the Cretaceous resulted in the formation of NW-and NE-trending micro strike-slip faults along deep faults.From the Cretaceous to Cenozoic,the basin basement was tilted toward northern Tianshan,with northern Tianshan front strongly subsided,formation strongly deformed,and the northern part of the basin uplifted and eroded.The deep basin possesses Carboniferous,Permian and Jurassic organic rich source rocks.Together with deep sourced mudstone,coal-bearing rock and gypsum of the Triassic,Jurassic,Cretaceous and Cenozoic,they formed multi source-cap structure,giving rise to oil and gas enrichment in the deep basin and developing hydrocarbon center for deep oil and gas accumulation.
引文
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