光焊接纳米粒子:从金属溶胶到自支撑、导电性金属薄膜（英文）
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摘要
金属薄膜在透明导电极、化学传感器、催化和光电器件等方面具有广泛应用.发展溶液加工技术可以大幅度降低金属薄膜的制作成本,灵活地调控其性能,从而促进其在多方面的应用.我们发现氙灯光源可以高效地焊接在水-气界面上自组装的金和银纳米粒子薄膜;其焊接程度取决于光照时间和光强度.最终,自组装的纳米粒子膜形成一种自支撑、高度交联的网状结构,并具有和同样厚度的体相金属薄膜相当的导电性.这一发现将纳米粒子界面自组装技术与光焊接技术相结合,可以将液相金属溶胶加工成高柔性、鲁棒性和导电性的金属粒子薄膜.这不仅可以促进金属粒子薄膜自身的应用,而且可以促进全液相加工的电子和光电器件的发展.例如,利用该金属粒子薄膜作为叉指电极的钙钛矿光电探测器展现出了良好的性能.
Bottom-up assembly of nanostructured thin films could offer an alternative low-cost approach to electronic thin films.However,such solution-processed thin films are often plagued by excessive inter-particle resistance and only exhibit limited current delivering capability.Here,we report a novel approach to fabricate highly conductive free-standing metallic thin film,accomplished by combining interfacial self-assembly of nanoparticles(NPs) and a light welding process.We found that light from a xenon lamp can weld adjacent Ag and Au NPs assembled at the water-air interface,forming a highly interconnected,free-standing metallic thin film structure with excellent electrical transport properties.With such a unique structure,the resultant thin metallic films show not only high flexibility and robustness,but also high conductivity comparable to bulk metallic thin films.Our studies offer a low-cost,room-temperature,and solution-processable approach to highly conductive metallic films.It can significantly impact solution-processable electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Bottom-up assembly of nanostructured thin films could offer an alternative low-cost approach to electronic thin films.However,such solution-processed thin films are often plagued by excessive inter-particle resistance and only exhibit limited current delivering capability.Here,we report a novel approach to fabricate highly conductive free-standing metallic thin film,accomplished by combining interfacial self-assembly of nanoparticles(NPs) and a light welding process.We found that light from a xenon lamp can weld adjacent Ag and Au NPs assembled at the water-air interface,forming a highly interconnected,free-standing metallic thin film structure with excellent electrical transport properties.With such a unique structure,the resultant thin metallic films show not only high flexibility and robustness,but also high conductivity comparable to bulk metallic thin films.Our studies offer a low-cost,room-temperature,and solution-processable approach to highly conductive metallic films.It can significantly impact solution-processable electronic and optoelectronic devices.
引文
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20 Lu H,Zhang D,Ren X,et al.Selective growth and integration of silver nanoparticles on silver nanowires at room conditions for transparent nano-network electrode.ACS Nano,2014,8:10980-10987
21 Mutiso RM,Sherrott MC,Rathmell AR,et al.Integrating simulations and experiments to predict sheet resistance and optical transmittance in nanowire films for transparent conductors.ACS Nano,2013,7:7654-7663
22 Liu C,Li YJ,Sun SG,et al.Room-temperature cold-welding of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the electrooxidation of carbon monoxide.Chem Commun,2011,47:4481-4483
23 Wang MH,Li YJ,Xie ZX,et al.Fabrication of large-scale onedimensional Au nanochain and nanowire networks by interfacial self-assembly.Mater Chem Phys,2010,119:153-157
24 Xia H,Ran Y,Li H,et al.Freestanding monolayered nanoporous gold films with high electrocatalytic activity via interfacial self-assembly and overgrowth.J Mater Chem A,2013,1:4678
25 Garnett EC,Cai W,Cha JJ,et al.Self-limited plasmonic welding of silver nanowire junctions.Nat Mater,2012,11:241-249
26 Lee PC,Meisel D.Adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman of dyes on silver and gold sols.J Phys Chem,1982,86:3391-3395
27 Frens G.Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold suspensions.Nat Phys Sci,1973,241:20-22
28 Xu L,Han G,Hu J,et al.Hydrophobic coating-and surface active solvent-mediated self-assembly of charged gold and silver nanoparticles at water-air and water-oil interfaces.Phys Chem Chem Phys,2009,11:6490-6497
29 Lin Y,Skaff H,Emrick T,et al.Nanoparticle assembly and transport at liquid-liquid interfaces.Science,2003,299:226-229
30 Duan H,Wang D,Kurth DG,et al.Directing self-assembly of nanoparticles at water/oil interfaces.Angew Chem,2004,116:5757-5760
31 Voorhees PW.The theory of Ostwald ripening.J Stat Phys,1985,38:231-252
32 Camden JP,Dieringer JA,Zhao J,et al.Controlled plasmonic nanostructures for surface-enhanced spectroscopy and sensing.Acc Chem Res,2008,41:1653-1661
33 Ding SY,Yi J,Li JF,et al.Nanostructure-based plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for surface analysis of materials.Nat Rev Mater,2016,1:16021
34 Baffou G,Quidant R,Girard C.Heat generation in plasmonic nanostructures:influence of morphology.Appl Phys Lett,2009,94:153109
35 Hirsch LR,Stafford RJ,Bankson JA,et al.Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2003,100:13549-13554
36 Zhou L,Tan Y,Wang J,et al.3D self-assembly of aluminium nanoparticles for plasmon-enhanced solar desalination.Nat Photon,2016,10:393-398
37 Wang Z,Liu Y,Tao P,et al.Bio-inspired evaporation through plasmonic film of nanoparticles at the air-water interface.Small,2014,10:3234-3239
38 Vand V.A theory of the irreversible electrical resistance changes of metallic films evaporated in vacuum.Proc Phys Soc,1943,55:222-246
39 Fujita T,Tokunaga T,Zhang L,et al.Atomic observation of catalysis-induced nanopore coarsening of nanoporous gold.Nano Lett,2014,14:1172-1177
40 Li D,Zhu Y,Wang H,et al.Nanoporous gold as an active low temperature catalyst toward CO oxidation in hydrogen-rich stream.Sci Rep,2013,3:3015
41 Dou L,Yang YM,You J,et al.Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity.Nat Commun,2014,5:5404
42 Xia HR,Li J,Sun WT,et al.Organohalide lead perovskite based photodetectors with much enhanced performance.Chem Commun,2014,50:13695-13697
2 Choy K.Chemical vapour deposition of coatings.Prog Mater Sci,2003,48:57-170
3 Rill MS,Plet C,Thiel M,et al.Photonic metamaterials by direct laser writing and silver chemical vapour deposition.Nat Mater,2008,7:543-546
4 Cherkaoui K,Monaghan S,Negara MA,et al.Electrical,structural,and chemical properties of HfO_2 films formed by electron beam evaporation.J Appl Phys,2008,104:064113-064113
5 Harzer TP,Djaziri S,Raghavan R,et al.Nanostructure and mechanical behavior of metastable Cu-Cr thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy.Acta Mater,2015,83:318-332
6 Kamyshny A,Magdassi S.Conductive nanomaterials for printed electronics.Small,2014,10:3515-3535
7 Li Y,Wu Y,Ong BS.Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles useful for fabrication of high-conductivity elements for printed electronics.J Am Chem Soc,2005,127:3266-3267
8 Li YJ,Huang WJ,Sun SG.A universal approach for the self-assembly of hydrophilic nanoparticles into ordered monolayer films at a toluene/water interface.Angew Chem Int Ed,2006,45:2537-2539
9 Reincke F,Hickey SG,Kegel WK,et al.Spontaneous assembly of a monolayer of charged gold nanocrystals at the water/oil interface.Angew Chem Int Ed,2004,43:458-462
10 Guo Q,Xu M,Yuan Y,et al.Self-assembled large-scale monolayer of Au nanoparticles at the air/water interface used as a SERS substrate.Langmuir,2016,32:4530-4537
11 Hu L,Chen M,Fang X,et al.Oil-water interfacial self-assembly:a novel strategy for nanofilm and nanodevice fabrication.Chem Soc Rev,2012,41:1350-1362
12 Tao A,Sinsermsuksakul P,Yang P.Tunable plasmonic lattices of silver nanocrystals.Nat Nanotech,2007,2:435-440
13 Xiao S,Xiao F,Hu Y,et al.Hierarchical nanoporous gold-platinum with heterogeneous interfaces for methanol electrooxidation.Sci Rep,2014,4:4370
14 Duan MY,Liang R,Tian N,et al.Self-assembly of Au-Pt core-shell nanoparticles for effective enhancement of methanol electrooxidation.Electrochim Acta,2013,87:432-437
15 Zhang L.Self-assembly Ag nanoparticle monolayer film as SERS substrate for pesticide detection.Appl Surface Sci,2013,270:292-294
16 Cecchini MP,Turek VA,Paget J,et al.Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays for multiphase trace analyte detection.Nat Mater,2012,12:165-171
17 Fang PP,Chen S,Deng H,et al.Conductive gold nanoparticle mirrors at liquid/liquid interfaces.ACS Nano,2013,7:9241-9248
18 Zhang C,Li J,Yang S,et al.Closely packed nanoparticle monolayer as a strain gauge fabricated by convective assembly at a confined angle.Nano Res,2014,7:824-834
19 Yi L,Jiao W,Wu K,et al.Nanoparticle monolayer-based flexible strain gauge with ultrafast dynamic response for acoustic vibration detection.Nano Res,2015,8:2978-2987
20 Lu H,Zhang D,Ren X,et al.Selective growth and integration of silver nanoparticles on silver nanowires at room conditions for transparent nano-network electrode.ACS Nano,2014,8:10980-10987
21 Mutiso RM,Sherrott MC,Rathmell AR,et al.Integrating simulations and experiments to predict sheet resistance and optical transmittance in nanowire films for transparent conductors.ACS Nano,2013,7:7654-7663
22 Liu C,Li YJ,Sun SG,et al.Room-temperature cold-welding of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the electrooxidation of carbon monoxide.Chem Commun,2011,47:4481-4483
23 Wang MH,Li YJ,Xie ZX,et al.Fabrication of large-scale onedimensional Au nanochain and nanowire networks by interfacial self-assembly.Mater Chem Phys,2010,119:153-157
24 Xia H,Ran Y,Li H,et al.Freestanding monolayered nanoporous gold films with high electrocatalytic activity via interfacial self-assembly and overgrowth.J Mater Chem A,2013,1:4678
25 Garnett EC,Cai W,Cha JJ,et al.Self-limited plasmonic welding of silver nanowire junctions.Nat Mater,2012,11:241-249
26 Lee PC,Meisel D.Adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman of dyes on silver and gold sols.J Phys Chem,1982,86:3391-3395
27 Frens G.Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold suspensions.Nat Phys Sci,1973,241:20-22
28 Xu L,Han G,Hu J,et al.Hydrophobic coating-and surface active solvent-mediated self-assembly of charged gold and silver nanoparticles at water-air and water-oil interfaces.Phys Chem Chem Phys,2009,11:6490-6497
29 Lin Y,Skaff H,Emrick T,et al.Nanoparticle assembly and transport at liquid-liquid interfaces.Science,2003,299:226-229
30 Duan H,Wang D,Kurth DG,et al.Directing self-assembly of nanoparticles at water/oil interfaces.Angew Chem,2004,116:5757-5760
31 Voorhees PW.The theory of Ostwald ripening.J Stat Phys,1985,38:231-252
32 Camden JP,Dieringer JA,Zhao J,et al.Controlled plasmonic nanostructures for surface-enhanced spectroscopy and sensing.Acc Chem Res,2008,41:1653-1661
33 Ding SY,Yi J,Li JF,et al.Nanostructure-based plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for surface analysis of materials.Nat Rev Mater,2016,1:16021
34 Baffou G,Quidant R,Girard C.Heat generation in plasmonic nanostructures:influence of morphology.Appl Phys Lett,2009,94:153109
35 Hirsch LR,Stafford RJ,Bankson JA,et al.Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2003,100:13549-13554
36 Zhou L,Tan Y,Wang J,et al.3D self-assembly of aluminium nanoparticles for plasmon-enhanced solar desalination.Nat Photon,2016,10:393-398
37 Wang Z,Liu Y,Tao P,et al.Bio-inspired evaporation through plasmonic film of nanoparticles at the air-water interface.Small,2014,10:3234-3239
38 Vand V.A theory of the irreversible electrical resistance changes of metallic films evaporated in vacuum.Proc Phys Soc,1943,55:222-246
39 Fujita T,Tokunaga T,Zhang L,et al.Atomic observation of catalysis-induced nanopore coarsening of nanoporous gold.Nano Lett,2014,14:1172-1177
40 Li D,Zhu Y,Wang H,et al.Nanoporous gold as an active low temperature catalyst toward CO oxidation in hydrogen-rich stream.Sci Rep,2013,3:3015
41 Dou L,Yang YM,You J,et al.Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity.Nat Commun,2014,5:5404
42 Xia HR,Li J,Sun WT,et al.Organohalide lead perovskite based photodetectors with much enhanced performance.Chem Commun,2014,50:13695-13697