不同丙烯腈含量丁腈橡胶在海水中的动静态溶胀行为
|
摘要
通过悬挂式浸泡装置和橡胶冲击试验机考察了3种不同丙烯腈含量的丁腈橡胶(N18、N26和N41)在海水中的动、静态溶胀行为。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、能量色散谱、场发射扫描电镜对溶胀试件结构和形貌进行了表征,并利用伺服拉力机进行了力学性能测试。通过水溶胀对比试验揭示了海水对橡胶静态溶胀行为的影响,通过冲击试验比较了动、静态溶胀状态下橡胶试件的质量变化率(MCF)。结果表明,与水溶胀行为相比,橡胶在氯化钠溶液中的静态溶胀程度更低,MCF最小值为0.133%来自于N41试件。然而,氯化钠溶液中的离子在橡胶内部扩散使其表面成分发生变化,硬度略微提高,硬度增量的最小值来自于N41试件为0.2 Shore A。动态溶胀试验的MCF值是静态溶胀的2～4倍,最小动态MCF值0.316%同样来自于N41试件。最后,阐述了溶胀对丁腈橡胶力学性能的影响,揭示了冲击与溶胀的相互关系,并探讨了丙烯腈对丁腈橡胶耐溶胀性的作用。
The dynamic and static swelling behavior of three kinds of nitrile-butadiene rubber(N18,N26 and N41)in seawater were investigated by the rubber impact tester and the hanging immersion apparatus,respectively.The structure and morphology were characterized by FT-IR,EDS and FESEM,and the mechanical property was tested by servo tensile machine.A water swelling comparative experiment was performed to reveal the effect of sea water on the static swelling behavior of rubber,and the mass change fraction(MCF) of dynamic and static swelling was compared according to the impact test.The results indicate that,comparing with the swelling behavior in deionized water,the degree of static swelling in sodium chloride solution is lower,the minimum value of MCF is 0.133% appearing in the N41 specimen.However,the ions in sodium chloride solution are diffused in the rubber and makes a change in its surface compositions,the hardness slightly increases,the minimum increment is 0.2 Shore A from the N41 specimen.The degree of dynamic swelling is 2～4 times higher than that of static swelling,and the minimum value is 0.316%,which also appears in the N41 specimen.The influence of swelling on the mechanical properties of NBR was elaborated,the relationship between impact and swelling was revealed,and the effect of acrylonitrile content on the swelling resistance of NBR was also discussed.
The dynamic and static swelling behavior of three kinds of nitrile-butadiene rubber(N18,N26 and N41)in seawater were investigated by the rubber impact tester and the hanging immersion apparatus,respectively.The structure and morphology were characterized by FT-IR,EDS and FESEM,and the mechanical property was tested by servo tensile machine.A water swelling comparative experiment was performed to reveal the effect of sea water on the static swelling behavior of rubber,and the mass change fraction(MCF) of dynamic and static swelling was compared according to the impact test.The results indicate that,comparing with the swelling behavior in deionized water,the degree of static swelling in sodium chloride solution is lower,the minimum value of MCF is 0.133% appearing in the N41 specimen.However,the ions in sodium chloride solution are diffused in the rubber and makes a change in its surface compositions,the hardness slightly increases,the minimum increment is 0.2 Shore A from the N41 specimen.The degree of dynamic swelling is 2～4 times higher than that of static swelling,and the minimum value is 0.316%,which also appears in the N41 specimen.The influence of swelling on the mechanical properties of NBR was elaborated,the relationship between impact and swelling was revealed,and the effect of acrylonitrile content on the swelling resistance of NBR was also discussed.
引文
[1]薛磊,游海军,刘莉.高压海水介质对丁腈橡胶性能的影响[J].橡胶工业,2017,64(10):592-596.Xue L,You H J,Liu L.Effect of high pressure seawater on properties of nitrile rubber[J].China Rubber Industry,2017,64(10):592-596.
[2]Wang H J,Liu Z L,Zou L,et al.Influence of both friction and wear on the vibration of marine water lubricated rubber bearing[J].Wear,2017,376/377:920-930.
[3]Li C,Wan H,Wang F R.Influence of seawater environment on the performance of domestic aramid 1313[J].Tech.Text.,2011,29:17-19.
[4]Qamar S Z,Akhtar M,Pervez T,et al.Mechanical and structural behavior of a swelling elastomer under compressive loading[J].Mater.Des.,2013,45:487-496.
[5]Lv X R,Song S Y,Wang H M,et al.Effect of CO2gas on the swelling and tribological behaviors of NBR rubber in water[J].J.Mater.Sci.Technol.,2015,31:1282-1288.
[6]Ch’ng S Y,Andriyana A,Verron E,et al.Development of a novel experimental device to investigate swelling of elastomers in biodiesel undergoing multiaxial large deformation[J].Exp.Mech.,2013,53:1323-1332.
[7]Fukumori K,Kurauchi T,Kamigaito O.Swelling behaviour of rubber vulcanizates:2.Effects of tensile strain on swelling[J].Polymer,1990,31:2361-2367.
[8]Stevenson A.On the durability of rubber/metal bonds in seawater[J].Int.J.Adhes.Adhes.,1985,5:81-91.
[9]Le Gac P Y,Le Saux V,Paris M,et al.Ageing mechanism and mechanical degradation behaviour of polychloroprene rubber in a marine environment:comparison of accelerated ageing and long term exposure[J].Polym.Degrad.Stab.,2012,97:288-296.
[10]Rutkowska M,Krasowska K,Heimowska A,et al.Degradation of polyurethanes in sea water[J].Polym.Degrad.Stab.,2002,76:233-239.
[11]Tchalla S T,Le Gac P Y,Maurin R,et al.Polychloroprene behaviour in a marine environment:role of silica fillers[J].Polym.Degrad.Stab.,2017,139:28-37.
[12]杨静,周永生,李良锋,等.氯化橡胶涂层冲蚀磨损行为的研究[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(1):110-116.Yang J,Zhou Y S,Li L F,et al.Slurry erosion wear behaviors of chlorinated rubber paint[J].Tribology,2016,36(1):110-116.
[13]Mofidi M,Kassfeldt E,Prakash B.Tribological behavior of an elastomer aged in different oils[J].Tribol.Int.,2008,41:860-866.
[14]LüX R,Wang H M,Wang S J.Effect of swelling nitrile rubber in cyclohexane on its ageing,friction and wear characteristics[J].Wear,2015,328-329:414-421.
[15]Doris D F,Florian A,Raimund S,et al.Influence of crosslinker and water on cyclic properties of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber(XNBR)[J].Polym.Test.,2018,67:309-321.
[16]Briggs G J,Edwards D C,Storey E B.Water absorption of elastomers[J].Rubber Chem.Technol.,1963,36:621-641.
[17]王王进,康海澜,杨凤,等.不同环境下杜仲胶/丁腈橡胶共混胶的性能[J].合成橡胶工业,2017,40(4):315-319.Wang J,Kang H L,Yang F,et al.Properties of eucommia ulmoides gum/nitrile rubber blends under different environment[J].China Synthetic Rubber Industry,2017,40(4):315-319.
[18]Choi S S,Ha S H.Water swelling behaviors of silica-reinforced NBRcomposites in deionized water and salt solution[J].J.Ind.Eng.Chem.,2010,16:238-242.
[19]张嗣伟.橡胶磨损原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[20]张成龙,李再峰,白延光,等.氢化度与丙烯腈含量对HNBR硫化胶性能的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2013,29(1):88-91.Zhang C L,Li Z F,Bai Y G,et al.Effect of acrylonitrile content and hydrogenation on properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber(HN-BR)vulcanizates[J].Polymer Materials Science&Engineering,2013,29(1):88-91.
[21]Yasin T,Ahmed S,Yoshii F,et al.Effect of acrylonitrile content on physical properties of electron beam irradiated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber[J].React.Funct.Polym.,2003,57:113-118.
[22]日本橡胶协会.橡胶试验方法[M].王作龄,张卓娅,译.北京:化学工业出版社,2012.
[2]Wang H J,Liu Z L,Zou L,et al.Influence of both friction and wear on the vibration of marine water lubricated rubber bearing[J].Wear,2017,376/377:920-930.
[3]Li C,Wan H,Wang F R.Influence of seawater environment on the performance of domestic aramid 1313[J].Tech.Text.,2011,29:17-19.
[4]Qamar S Z,Akhtar M,Pervez T,et al.Mechanical and structural behavior of a swelling elastomer under compressive loading[J].Mater.Des.,2013,45:487-496.
[5]Lv X R,Song S Y,Wang H M,et al.Effect of CO2gas on the swelling and tribological behaviors of NBR rubber in water[J].J.Mater.Sci.Technol.,2015,31:1282-1288.
[6]Ch’ng S Y,Andriyana A,Verron E,et al.Development of a novel experimental device to investigate swelling of elastomers in biodiesel undergoing multiaxial large deformation[J].Exp.Mech.,2013,53:1323-1332.
[7]Fukumori K,Kurauchi T,Kamigaito O.Swelling behaviour of rubber vulcanizates:2.Effects of tensile strain on swelling[J].Polymer,1990,31:2361-2367.
[8]Stevenson A.On the durability of rubber/metal bonds in seawater[J].Int.J.Adhes.Adhes.,1985,5:81-91.
[9]Le Gac P Y,Le Saux V,Paris M,et al.Ageing mechanism and mechanical degradation behaviour of polychloroprene rubber in a marine environment:comparison of accelerated ageing and long term exposure[J].Polym.Degrad.Stab.,2012,97:288-296.
[10]Rutkowska M,Krasowska K,Heimowska A,et al.Degradation of polyurethanes in sea water[J].Polym.Degrad.Stab.,2002,76:233-239.
[11]Tchalla S T,Le Gac P Y,Maurin R,et al.Polychloroprene behaviour in a marine environment:role of silica fillers[J].Polym.Degrad.Stab.,2017,139:28-37.
[12]杨静,周永生,李良锋,等.氯化橡胶涂层冲蚀磨损行为的研究[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(1):110-116.Yang J,Zhou Y S,Li L F,et al.Slurry erosion wear behaviors of chlorinated rubber paint[J].Tribology,2016,36(1):110-116.
[13]Mofidi M,Kassfeldt E,Prakash B.Tribological behavior of an elastomer aged in different oils[J].Tribol.Int.,2008,41:860-866.
[14]LüX R,Wang H M,Wang S J.Effect of swelling nitrile rubber in cyclohexane on its ageing,friction and wear characteristics[J].Wear,2015,328-329:414-421.
[15]Doris D F,Florian A,Raimund S,et al.Influence of crosslinker and water on cyclic properties of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber(XNBR)[J].Polym.Test.,2018,67:309-321.
[16]Briggs G J,Edwards D C,Storey E B.Water absorption of elastomers[J].Rubber Chem.Technol.,1963,36:621-641.
[17]王王进,康海澜,杨凤,等.不同环境下杜仲胶/丁腈橡胶共混胶的性能[J].合成橡胶工业,2017,40(4):315-319.Wang J,Kang H L,Yang F,et al.Properties of eucommia ulmoides gum/nitrile rubber blends under different environment[J].China Synthetic Rubber Industry,2017,40(4):315-319.
[18]Choi S S,Ha S H.Water swelling behaviors of silica-reinforced NBRcomposites in deionized water and salt solution[J].J.Ind.Eng.Chem.,2010,16:238-242.
[19]张嗣伟.橡胶磨损原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[20]张成龙,李再峰,白延光,等.氢化度与丙烯腈含量对HNBR硫化胶性能的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2013,29(1):88-91.Zhang C L,Li Z F,Bai Y G,et al.Effect of acrylonitrile content and hydrogenation on properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber(HN-BR)vulcanizates[J].Polymer Materials Science&Engineering,2013,29(1):88-91.
[21]Yasin T,Ahmed S,Yoshii F,et al.Effect of acrylonitrile content on physical properties of electron beam irradiated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber[J].React.Funct.Polym.,2003,57:113-118.
[22]日本橡胶协会.橡胶试验方法[M].王作龄,张卓娅,译.北京:化学工业出版社,2012.