卧龙国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性
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摘要
2014—2017年,结合样线法和样点法,对卧龙国家级自然保护区的鸟类资源开展了调查,采用辛普森指数、香农-维纳指数、丰富度指数对保护区的鸟类多样性进行分析,利用SPSS 22.0进行单因素方差分析。野外调查共记录到鸟类202种3 858只,隶属于14目45科。结合保护区日常巡护记录及查阅文献,鸟类物种累计达333种,其中国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类6种,分别为斑尾榛鸡Tetrastes sewerzowi、胡兀鹫Gypaetus barbatus、绿尾虹雉Lophophorus lhuysii、黑鹳Ciconia stork、金雕Aquila chrysaetos和红喉雉鹑Tetraophasis obscurus;国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类34种,国家"三有"保护鸟类165种。研究结果表明,卧龙国家级自然保护区鸟类较为丰富,中高海拔地区和混合林带鸟类多样性最高,低海拔地区由于人为干扰等原因,生物多样性较低。因此,有必要建立一个长期的监测机制,为生物多样性保护和生态系统多样性保护以及保护区后期管理等提供依据。
A survey of bird resources from 2014 to 2017 in the Wolong National Nature Reserve had been conducted by a method that combines sample line and sample spot.The Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,and richness index are used to analyze the diversity and SPSS 22.0 software is adopted to do one-way ANOVA analysis.202 species of birds are recorded in field surveys,belonging to 14 orders and 45 families,totaling 3 858 birds.In accordance with the daily patrolling records of the reserve and the review of literature,a total of 333 species are recorded,including 6 species of national grade I protected birds,namely Chinese hazel grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi),bearded vulture(Gypaetus barbatus),phasianus versicolor(Lophophorus lhuysii),black stork(Ciconia stork),golden eagle(Aquila chrysaetos),and Verreaux's monal-partridge(Tetraophatis obscurus).34 species of national grade II protected birds and 165 beneficial species with economic and scientific research values are also recorded.The results show that the bird diversity in Wolong National Nature Reserve is relatively abundant,with the highest in middle and high altitude areas and mixed forest belts.The lower biodiversity in low altitude areas is caused by human disturbance.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a long-term monitoring mechanism to provide reference for the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem diversity as well as the management of protected areas during the later period.
A survey of bird resources from 2014 to 2017 in the Wolong National Nature Reserve had been conducted by a method that combines sample line and sample spot.The Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,and richness index are used to analyze the diversity and SPSS 22.0 software is adopted to do one-way ANOVA analysis.202 species of birds are recorded in field surveys,belonging to 14 orders and 45 families,totaling 3 858 birds.In accordance with the daily patrolling records of the reserve and the review of literature,a total of 333 species are recorded,including 6 species of national grade I protected birds,namely Chinese hazel grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi),bearded vulture(Gypaetus barbatus),phasianus versicolor(Lophophorus lhuysii),black stork(Ciconia stork),golden eagle(Aquila chrysaetos),and Verreaux's monal-partridge(Tetraophatis obscurus).34 species of national grade II protected birds and 165 beneficial species with economic and scientific research values are also recorded.The results show that the bird diversity in Wolong National Nature Reserve is relatively abundant,with the highest in middle and high altitude areas and mixed forest belts.The lower biodiversity in low altitude areas is caused by human disturbance.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a long-term monitoring mechanism to provide reference for the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem diversity as well as the management of protected areas during the later period.
引文
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[2] 马克平.中国生物多样性编目取得重要进展[J].生物多样性,2015,23(2):137-138.
[3] 刘彬,丁玉华,任义军,等.大丰麇鹿国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性[J].野生动物学报,2012,33(1):11-17.
[4] 孙太福,聂圣鸿,国天曰,等.曲阜孔林鸟类多样性和季节变化[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(3):462-466.
[5] CARDONI D A,FAVERO M,ISACCH J P.Recreational activities affecting the habitat use by birds in Pampa's wetlands,Argentina:implications for water bird conservation[J].Biological Conservation,2008,141(3):797-806.
[6] 王斌,彭波涌,李晶晶,等.西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性[J].生态学报,2013,33(10):3056-3064.
[7] PADDOA-SCHIOPPA E,BAIETTO M,MASSA R,et al.Bird communities as bioindicators:the focal species concept in agricultural landscapes[J].Ecological Indicators,2006,6(1):83-93.
[8] M?RTBERG U M.Resident bird species in urban forest remnants;landscape and habitat perspectives[J].Landscape Ecology,2001,16(3):193-203.
[9] 乌日罕,杨贵生,魏炜.内蒙古阿尔山市北部鸟类区系组成及群落结构[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(1):94-102.
[10] 施小刚,胡强,李佳琦,等.利用红外相机调查四川卧龙国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性[J].生物多样性,2017,25(10):1131-1136.
[11] 何百锁,孙瑞谦,陈鹏,等.基于红外相机技术调查长青国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性[J].兽类学报,2016,36(3):348-356.
[12] 王原,何成,刘荣国,等.宁夏沙坡头国家自然保护区鸟类景观生态安全格局构建[J].生态学报,2017,37(16):5531-5541.
[13] 余志伟,邓其祥.卧龙自然保护区鸟类调查报告[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),1993(3):233-235.
[14] 王玉君,侯金,李玉杰,等.利用红外相机调查卧龙保护区鸟类资源的时空分布特征[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(1):29-37.
[15] 杨英昌,蔡绪慎.卧龙自然保护区生物多样性特点及保护对策[J].四川林业科技,1994(4):51-54.
[16] 郑光美.世界鸟类分类与分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[17] 郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].第三版,科学出版社,2017.
[18] BELAOUSSOFF S,KEVAN P G,MURPHY S,et al.Assessing tillage disturbance on assemblages of ground beetles (Coleoptera:Carabidae) by using a range of ecological indices[J].Biodiversity & Conservation,2003,12(5):851-882.
[19] 陈军林,周立志,许仁鑫,等.巢湖湖岸带鸟类多样性的初步研究[J].动物学杂志,2010,45(3):139-147.
[20] 刘灿然,马克平,吕延华,等.生物群落多样性的测度方法VI:与多样性测度有关的统计问题[J].生物多样性,1998,6(3):229-239.
[21] MAGURRAN A E.Ecological diversity and its measurement[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988.
[22] RAHBEK C.The elevational gradient of species richness:a uniform pattern[J].Ecography,1995,18(2):200-205.
[23] KATTANG H,FRANCO P.Bird diversity along elevational gradients in the Andes of Colombia:area and mass effects[J].Global Ecology & Biogeography,2004,13(5):451-458.
[24] 崔鹏,邓文洪.鸟类群落研究进展[J].动物学杂志,2007,42(4):149-158.
[25] SEYMOUR C L,DEAN W R J.The influence of changes in habitat structure on the species composition of bird assemblages in the southern Kalahari[J].Austral Ecology,2010,35(5):581-592.
[26] WU C F,LIN Y P,LIN S H.A hybrid scheme for comparing the effects of bird diversity conservation approaches on landscape patterns and biodiversity in the Shangan sub-watershed in Taiwan[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(7):1809-1820.