基于In VEST模型的北京山区森林生态系统碳储量评估分析
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摘要
本文基于北京山区遥感影像数据和标准样地调查数据,利用In VEST模型碳储量模块,评估分析了北京山区森林生态系统的碳储量。结果表明,北京山区森林生态系统的平均碳密度为99. 95 Mg/hm~2,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物层和土壤层平均碳密度分别为10. 51、3. 16、0. 86、8. 61、76. 81 Mg/hm~2。植被碳密度与土壤碳密度呈现显著正相关关系,土壤碳密度与凋落物碳密度呈现显著正相关关系。各林分类型平均碳密度表现为落叶针叶林(153. 99 Mg/hm~2)>针阔混交林(132. 45Mg/hm~2)>落叶阔叶林(125. 10 Mg/hm~2)>常绿针叶林(111. 78 Mg/hm~2)>灌木林(72. 26 Mg/hm~2)。北京山区森林生态系统总碳储量为77. 41 Tg,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物层和土壤层的碳储量分别为8. 14、2. 45、0. 67、6. 67、59. 48 Tg。各林分类型总碳储量表现为落叶阔叶林(43. 23 Tg)>灌木林(25. 90 Tg)>常绿针叶林(6. 21 Tg)>针阔混交林(1. 42 Tg)>落叶针叶林(0. 65 Tg)。落叶阔叶林和灌木林是北京山区森林生态系统碳储量的主要贡献者,分别占55. 84%和33. 46%。在北京山区各个区县中,怀柔区碳储量最高(15. 37 Tg),平谷区碳储量最低(4. 89 Tg)。北京山区森林生态系统碳储量分布不均,总体表现为北京山区北部区县较高,西部区县偏低,中部和东部最低。
The study introduced the Intergrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs( In VEST) carbon storage module and evaluated carbon storages of forest ecosystems in the mountainous area of Beijing. The remote sensing image data and the standard plot survey data of the Beijing mountainous area were analyzed by this carbon storage module. The results showed that the average carbon density of all forest ecosystems in Beijing mountainous area was 99. 95 Mg/hm~2,and average carbon densities of tree layer,shrub layer,herb layer,litter layer and soil layer were 10. 51,3. 16,0. 86,8. 61 and 76. 81 Mg/hm~2,respectively. It was found that the soil carbon density correlated positively and significantly with carbon densities of vegetation and litter. The order of average carbon densities of different types of forest was: deciduous conifer forest( 153. 99 Mg/hm~2) > conifer and broadleaf mixed forest( 132. 45 Mg/hm~2) >deciduous broadleaf forest( 125. 10 Mg/hm~2) > evergreen conifer forest( 111. 78 Mg/hm~2) > shrub forest( 72. 26 Mg/hm~2). The total carbon storage of all forest ecosystems in the Beijing mountainous area was about 77. 41 Tg,among which carbon storages of tree layer,shrub layer,herb layer,litter layer and soil layer were 8. 14,2. 45,0. 67,6. 67 and 59. 48 Tg,respectively. The order of carbon storages of different types of forest was: deciduous broadleaf forest( 43. 23 Tg) > evergreen conifer forest( 25. 90 Tg) > shrub forest( 6. 21 Tg) > conifer and broadleaf mixed forest( 1. 42 Tg) > deciduous conifer forest( 0. 65 Tg). The deciduous broadleaf forest and the shrub forest were the main contributors to the carbon storage of forest ecosystems in the Beijing mountainous area,accounting for 55. 84% and 33. 46%,respectively. The regions with the highest carbon storage and the lowest carbon storage were the Huairou District( 15. 37 Tg) and the Pinggu District( 4. 89 Tg),respectively. The carbon storages of forest ecosystems distributed unevenly in the Beijing mountainous area,which was higher in the northern region,then in the western region,and was the lowest in central and eastern regions of the Beijing mountainous area.
The study introduced the Intergrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs( In VEST) carbon storage module and evaluated carbon storages of forest ecosystems in the mountainous area of Beijing. The remote sensing image data and the standard plot survey data of the Beijing mountainous area were analyzed by this carbon storage module. The results showed that the average carbon density of all forest ecosystems in Beijing mountainous area was 99. 95 Mg/hm~2,and average carbon densities of tree layer,shrub layer,herb layer,litter layer and soil layer were 10. 51,3. 16,0. 86,8. 61 and 76. 81 Mg/hm~2,respectively. It was found that the soil carbon density correlated positively and significantly with carbon densities of vegetation and litter. The order of average carbon densities of different types of forest was: deciduous conifer forest( 153. 99 Mg/hm~2) > conifer and broadleaf mixed forest( 132. 45 Mg/hm~2) >deciduous broadleaf forest( 125. 10 Mg/hm~2) > evergreen conifer forest( 111. 78 Mg/hm~2) > shrub forest( 72. 26 Mg/hm~2). The total carbon storage of all forest ecosystems in the Beijing mountainous area was about 77. 41 Tg,among which carbon storages of tree layer,shrub layer,herb layer,litter layer and soil layer were 8. 14,2. 45,0. 67,6. 67 and 59. 48 Tg,respectively. The order of carbon storages of different types of forest was: deciduous broadleaf forest( 43. 23 Tg) > evergreen conifer forest( 25. 90 Tg) > shrub forest( 6. 21 Tg) > conifer and broadleaf mixed forest( 1. 42 Tg) > deciduous conifer forest( 0. 65 Tg). The deciduous broadleaf forest and the shrub forest were the main contributors to the carbon storage of forest ecosystems in the Beijing mountainous area,accounting for 55. 84% and 33. 46%,respectively. The regions with the highest carbon storage and the lowest carbon storage were the Huairou District( 15. 37 Tg) and the Pinggu District( 4. 89 Tg),respectively. The carbon storages of forest ecosystems distributed unevenly in the Beijing mountainous area,which was higher in the northern region,then in the western region,and was the lowest in central and eastern regions of the Beijing mountainous area.
引文
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[22]宋蒙亚,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同林地凋落物组合对土壤速效养分和微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(9):2454-2461.
[23]周玉荣,于振良,赵士洞.我国主要森林生态系统碳贮量和碳平衡[J].植物生态学报,2000(5):518-522.
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[28]黄晓强,信忠保,赵云杰,等.北京山区典型人工林土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):236-243.
[2]Zhou D C,Luo G P,Xu W Q,et al.Dynamics of ecosystem services value in Aksu River watershed in 1960-2008[J].The Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(2):399-408.
[3]Dixon R K,Solomon A M,Brown S,et al.Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems[J].Science(New York,N.Y.),1994,263(5144):185-190.
[4]Woodall C W,Heath L S,Smith J E.National inventories of down and dead woody material forest carbon stocks in the United States:Challenges and opportunities[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,256(3):221-228.
[5]邵波,燕腾.四川省森林植被碳储量及碳密度估算[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(02):179-183.
[6]钟银星,周运超,李祖驹.印江槽谷型喀斯特地区植被碳储量及固碳潜力研究[J].地球与环境,2014,42(01):82-89.
[7]张斯屿,白晓永,王世杰,等.典型喀斯特峡谷区碳储量空间分配格局、演变过程及其贡献率[J].资源与生态学报(英文),2015,6(4):199-207.
[8]杜虎,曾馥平,宋同清,等.广西主要森林土壤有机碳空间分布及其影响因素[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(4):282-291.
[9]黄一敏,李心清,杨放,等.中国西南喀斯特森林土壤有机碳空间变化及影响因素[J].地球与环境,2016,44(1):1-10.
[10]Nelson E,Mendoza G,Regetz J,et al.Modeling multiple ecosystem services,biodiversity conservation,commodity production,and tradeoffs at landscape scales[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2009,7(1):4-11.
[11]Goldstein J H,Caldarone G,Duarte T K,et al.Integrating ecosystem-service tradeoffs into land-use decisions[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012,109(19):7565-7570.
[12]张文华,贾志斌,卓义,等.InVEST模型对锡林郭勒草原碳储量研究的适用性分析[J].地球环境学报,2016,7(1):85-96.
[13]张影,谢余初,齐姗姗,等.基于InVEST模型的甘肃白龙江流域生态系统碳储量及空间格局特征[J].资源科学,2016,38(8):1585-1593.
[14]杨芝歌,周彬,余新晓,等.北京山区生物多样性分析与碳储量评估[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(3):42-46.
[15]王光华.北京森林植被固碳能力研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[16]曾伟生.云南省森林生物量与生产力研究[J].中南林业调查规划,2005,24(4):1-3,13.
[17]IPCC.2006 IPCC Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories,Volume 4:Agriculture,forestry and other land uses(AFOLU)[M].Hayama,Japan:IPCC/IGES,2006.
[18]Brown S L,Schroeder P,Kern J S.Spatial distribution of biomass in forests of the eastern USA[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1999,123(1):81-90.
[19]董鸣.陆地生物群落调查观测与分析[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[20]刘曦乔,梁萌杰,陈龙池,等.湖南省森林生态系统碳储量、碳密度及其空间分布[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(9):2385-2393.
[21]金小麒.华北地区针叶林下凋落物层化学性质的研究[J].生态学杂志,1991(6):24-29.
[22]宋蒙亚,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同林地凋落物组合对土壤速效养分和微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(9):2454-2461.
[23]周玉荣,于振良,赵士洞.我国主要森林生态系统碳贮量和碳平衡[J].植物生态学报,2000(5):518-522.
[24]Lal R.Forest soils and carbon sequestration[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,220(1-3):1-258.
[25]张萍.北京森林碳储量研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[26]樊登星,余新晓,岳永杰,等.北京市森林碳储量及其动态变化[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(S2):117-120.
[27]孙翀.北京山地地区主要森林类型碳汇潜力的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[28]黄晓强,信忠保,赵云杰,等.北京山区典型人工林土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):236-243.