滇西北局地小冰雹天气分析
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摘要
利用NCEP再分析资料和大理多普勒雷达资料对比分析滇西北地区7次局地小冰雹过程的天气背景和雷达产品特征。分析结果表明:小冰雹过程受低压系统影响,多数发生在午后,持续时间短;有较有利的热力条件、不稳定条件和动力条件;冰雹出现时雷达反射率因子一般达50 dBz以上,回波顶高达13 km以上,45 dBz的强回波高度达7 km,具有穹窿结构,径向速度低层辐合高层辐散、中层逆风区,但是回波持续时间短,变化较快,面积较小,突发性强。
Using the NCEP reanalysis and Doppler radar data of Dali to compare and analyze the weather background and radar product characteristics of seven local small hailstorm processes in northwest Yunnan.The results show that the processes are affected by the low-pressure system.Most of them occur in the afternoon and of short duration.The small hailstorm processes have favorable thermal conditions,unstable conditions and dynamic conditions.In small hailstorm weather,radar reflectivity factor generally reaches above 50 dBz,and echo top reaches above 13 km.The strong echo height of 45 dBz reaches above 7 km.The dome structure has subsistent.The radial velocity of the low layer is convergent as well as divergent in the high layer.The strong echo center of the middle layer has an upwind zone.But the echo is shorter duration,faster changes,smaller area and stronger sudden.
Using the NCEP reanalysis and Doppler radar data of Dali to compare and analyze the weather background and radar product characteristics of seven local small hailstorm processes in northwest Yunnan.The results show that the processes are affected by the low-pressure system.Most of them occur in the afternoon and of short duration.The small hailstorm processes have favorable thermal conditions,unstable conditions and dynamic conditions.In small hailstorm weather,radar reflectivity factor generally reaches above 50 dBz,and echo top reaches above 13 km.The strong echo height of 45 dBz reaches above 7 km.The dome structure has subsistent.The radial velocity of the low layer is convergent as well as divergent in the high layer.The strong echo center of the middle layer has an upwind zone.But the echo is shorter duration,faster changes,smaller area and stronger sudden.
引文
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[3]黄治勇,周志敏,徐桂荣,等.风廓线雷达和地基微波辐射计在冰雹天气监测中的应用[J].高原气象,2015,34(1):269-278.
[4]孙丝雨,沈永海,霍苗,等.双线偏振雷达在一次强降雹过程中的初步应用[J],暴雨灾害,2013,32(3):249-255.
[5]俞小鼎,王迎春,陈明轩,等.新一代天气雷达与强对流天气预警[J].高原气象,2005,24(3):456-464.
[6]吴剑坤,俞小鼎.强冰雹天气的多普勒天气雷达探测与预警技术综述[J].干旱气象,2009,27(3):197-206.
[7]张秉祥,李国翠,刘黎平,等.基于模糊逻辑的冰雹天气雷达识别算法[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(4):415-426.
[8]王秀玲,郭丽霞,高桂芹,等.唐山地区冰雹气候特征与雷达回波分析[J].气象,2012,38(3):344-348.
[9]王若升,张彤,樊晓春,等.甘肃平凉地区冰雹天气的气候特征和雷达回波分析[J].干旱气象,2013,31(2):373-377.
[10]段鹤,严华生,马学文,等.滇南冰雹的预报预警方法研究[J].气象,2014,40(2):174-185.
[11]王令,郑国光,康玉霞,等.多普勒天气雷达径向速度图上的雹云特征[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(3):281-287.
[12]李德俊,唐仁茂,熊守权,等.强冰雹和短时强降水天气雷达特征及临近预警[J].气象,2011,37(4):474-480.
[13]农孟松,赖珍权,梁俊聪,等.2012年早春广西高架雷暴冰雹天气过程分析[J].气象,2013,39(7):874-882.
[14]胡胜,罗聪,张羽,等.广东大冰雹风暴单体的多普勒天气雷达特征[J].应用气象学报,2015,26(1):57-65.
[15]周泓,段玮,赵爽,等.滇中地区冰雹的多普勒天气雷达及闪电活动特征分析[J].气象,2014,40(9):1132-1144.
[16]郑艳,李云艳,蔡亲波,等.海南一次罕见强冰雹过程环境条件与超级单体演变特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(2):163-170.
[17]周长青,徐冬英,徐靖宇,等.2016年春季湖南一次连续冰雹天气过程个例分析[J].气象研究与应用,2017,38(4):22-26.
[18]张桂莲,常欣,黄晓璐,等.东北冷涡背景下超级单体风暴环境条件与雷达回波特征[J].高原气象,2018,37(5):1364-1374.
[19]杨淑华,赵桂香,程海霞,等.脉冲风暴造成的山西北部三次冰雹天气对比分析[J].干旱气象,2019,37(1):67-75.
[20]姚学祥.天气预报技术与方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2011:17.