不等厚互层顺层磷矿高边坡变形机制研究
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摘要
以云南晋宁磷矿东采区顺层高边坡为研究对象,通过现场勘察,对现场滑坡形态、破坏情况、滑面及滑体特征等进行分析,并从地质、力学角度上分析滑坡变形破坏特征、力学机制及滑坡演化形成过程。最后采用离散元分析验证。研究结果表明:滑坡变形破坏模式为滑移—拉裂破坏,降雨及磷矿开采是滑坡滑动的重要诱因。磷矿层开采坡前缘切断岩层,形成临空面,岩体卸荷松弛发育裂隙,雨水下渗到全风化粘土层面附近富集,层间含水化强的物质,在长期浸泡软化、不等厚互层差异风化等作用下,岩体力学性质大幅衰减,滑体沿软弱层面向临空方向滑动,坡体后缘岩体被拉开,形成张拉裂缝,软弱滑动面贯通,边坡发生变形破坏,主要是以岩石的拉张破坏为主,拉应力对岩石的破坏起主导作用。从计算的位移、滑动形态、变形速率及应力分布判断,滑坡的变形机制为滑移—拉裂破坏模式。其研究成果为矿区高边坡稳定性分析及加固设计提供一定参考依据。
Taking the bedding high rock slope of the eastern mining area in Jinning Phosphorus Mine,Yunnan Province as the research object,based upon the geotechnical exploration,this paper makes statistics and analysis on configuration,failure condition,the slide plane,and the slip mass of the landslides. And the deformation characters,mechanical mechanism,formation and evolution of these landslides were analyzed by geological and mechanical methods. Then,the deformation mechanism was checked by means of distinct element method. The results indicate that the main deformation and destruction mode of the bedding landslide is sliding-tension failure. The rainfall and phosphate rock mining is the important cause of landslide sliding. The exploitation of the phosphorus mine led to formation of some free faces due to cutting off the rock,it caused relax and cracking of the rock mass,and the completelyweathered clay layer gathered plenty of water due to that the rainwater infiltrated along cracks,and there is strong hydrate material,under long-term softening and different weathering,the rock mass strength was attenuating. The landslip slides along the soft slide plane,and the back rocks are pulled,the extension fractures and the soft slide plane appeared,and then the slope deformation appeared,and the main formation mechanism of the sliding-tension cracks was the rock's tension destruction,the main role of rock destruction is the tensile stress σ3. Analysis of the deformation mechanism of the slope from the displacement variation,deformation rate,sliding plane and stress distribution by discrete element method shows that the deformation is of sliding-tension type. The results can provide some reference for stability analysis and strengthening design of the slope at the mine.
Taking the bedding high rock slope of the eastern mining area in Jinning Phosphorus Mine,Yunnan Province as the research object,based upon the geotechnical exploration,this paper makes statistics and analysis on configuration,failure condition,the slide plane,and the slip mass of the landslides. And the deformation characters,mechanical mechanism,formation and evolution of these landslides were analyzed by geological and mechanical methods. Then,the deformation mechanism was checked by means of distinct element method. The results indicate that the main deformation and destruction mode of the bedding landslide is sliding-tension failure. The rainfall and phosphate rock mining is the important cause of landslide sliding. The exploitation of the phosphorus mine led to formation of some free faces due to cutting off the rock,it caused relax and cracking of the rock mass,and the completelyweathered clay layer gathered plenty of water due to that the rainwater infiltrated along cracks,and there is strong hydrate material,under long-term softening and different weathering,the rock mass strength was attenuating. The landslip slides along the soft slide plane,and the back rocks are pulled,the extension fractures and the soft slide plane appeared,and then the slope deformation appeared,and the main formation mechanism of the sliding-tension cracks was the rock's tension destruction,the main role of rock destruction is the tensile stress σ3. Analysis of the deformation mechanism of the slope from the displacement variation,deformation rate,sliding plane and stress distribution by discrete element method shows that the deformation is of sliding-tension type. The results can provide some reference for stability analysis and strengthening design of the slope at the mine.
引文
[1]李旺.云南某露天矿边坡破坏机理与稳定性研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2008.(Li Wang.Study on failure mechanism and stability of open-pit mine slope in Yunnan[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[2]杨泽.云南某露天矿东采区边坡岩体力学参数取值研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2010.(Yang Ze.Study on mechanical parameters of slope rock mass of open-pit mine in Yunnan[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2010.(in Chinese))
[3]徐顺平.红砂岩顺层岩质边坡稳定性数值分析及处治技术研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2012.(Xu Shunping.Numerical analysis of slope stability and treatment technology research on the red sandstone bedding rock[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science&Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[4]张青宇.三峡库区典型顺层岸坡变形破坏机制及稳定性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.(Zhang Qingyu.Research on Three Gorges reservoir bedding slope deformation mechanism and stability[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.(in Chinese))
[5]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.(Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Principles of engineering geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.(in Chinese))
[6]石豫川,冯文凯,冯学钢,等.国道108线某段缓倾角顺层边坡变形破坏机制物理模拟研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(4):350-355.(Shi Yuchuan,Feng Wenkai,Feng Xuegang,et al.Study on mechanism of deformation failure of a lowangle dip bedding slope of national highway no.108 by physical simulation method[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2003,30(4):350-355.(in Chinese))
[7]卢海峰,陈从新,袁从华,等.巴东组红层软岩缓倾顺层边坡破坏机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增2):3 569-3 577.(Lu Haifeng,Chen Congxin,Yuan Conghua,et al.Analysis of failure mechanism of Badong red bed soft rock gently inclined bedding slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.2):3 569-3 577.(in Chinese))
[8]邹宗兴,唐辉明,熊承仁,等.大型顺层岩质滑坡渐进破坏地质力学模型与稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(11):2 222-2 231.(Zou Zongxing,Tang Huiming,Xiong Chengren,et al.Geomechanical model of progressive failure for large consequent bedding rockslide and its stability analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(11):2 222-2 231.(in Chinese))
[9]余飞,陈善熊,余和平.顺层岩质边坡渐进破坏及失稳机理的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(增):36-40.(Yu Fei,Chen Shanxiong,Yu Heping.Numerical simulation study on progressive destruction and failure mechanism of bedding rock slopes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(Supp.):36-40.(in Chinese))
[10]胡启军.长大顺层边坡渐进失稳机理及首段滑移长度确定的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008.(Hu Qijun.Study on progressive failure mechanism and determination of the toe segment slippage length for large consequent slope[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2008.(in Chinese))
[11]张敏.缓倾角顺层岩质边坡稳定性分析[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.(Zhang Min.Stability analysis and support effectiveness assessment of low-angle rock mass bedding slope[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.(in Chinese
[2]杨泽.云南某露天矿东采区边坡岩体力学参数取值研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2010.(Yang Ze.Study on mechanical parameters of slope rock mass of open-pit mine in Yunnan[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2010.(in Chinese))
[3]徐顺平.红砂岩顺层岩质边坡稳定性数值分析及处治技术研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2012.(Xu Shunping.Numerical analysis of slope stability and treatment technology research on the red sandstone bedding rock[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science&Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[4]张青宇.三峡库区典型顺层岸坡变形破坏机制及稳定性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.(Zhang Qingyu.Research on Three Gorges reservoir bedding slope deformation mechanism and stability[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.(in Chinese))
[5]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.(Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Principles of engineering geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.(in Chinese))
[6]石豫川,冯文凯,冯学钢,等.国道108线某段缓倾角顺层边坡变形破坏机制物理模拟研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(4):350-355.(Shi Yuchuan,Feng Wenkai,Feng Xuegang,et al.Study on mechanism of deformation failure of a lowangle dip bedding slope of national highway no.108 by physical simulation method[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2003,30(4):350-355.(in Chinese))
[7]卢海峰,陈从新,袁从华,等.巴东组红层软岩缓倾顺层边坡破坏机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增2):3 569-3 577.(Lu Haifeng,Chen Congxin,Yuan Conghua,et al.Analysis of failure mechanism of Badong red bed soft rock gently inclined bedding slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.2):3 569-3 577.(in Chinese))
[8]邹宗兴,唐辉明,熊承仁,等.大型顺层岩质滑坡渐进破坏地质力学模型与稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(11):2 222-2 231.(Zou Zongxing,Tang Huiming,Xiong Chengren,et al.Geomechanical model of progressive failure for large consequent bedding rockslide and its stability analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(11):2 222-2 231.(in Chinese))
[9]余飞,陈善熊,余和平.顺层岩质边坡渐进破坏及失稳机理的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(增):36-40.(Yu Fei,Chen Shanxiong,Yu Heping.Numerical simulation study on progressive destruction and failure mechanism of bedding rock slopes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(Supp.):36-40.(in Chinese))
[10]胡启军.长大顺层边坡渐进失稳机理及首段滑移长度确定的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008.(Hu Qijun.Study on progressive failure mechanism and determination of the toe segment slippage length for large consequent slope[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2008.(in Chinese))
[11]张敏.缓倾角顺层岩质边坡稳定性分析[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.(Zhang Min.Stability analysis and support effectiveness assessment of low-angle rock mass bedding slope[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.(in Chinese