摘要
综合国内外间作复合群体水分高效利用的特征及其种间竞争互补机理,展望了未来间作研究的重点方向及领域。间作复合群体可提高作物水分利用效率,有利于创造适宜作物生长发育的土壤水分环境。竞争和互补是同一种间关系的两个方面,量化间作作物对土壤资源的竞争和互补效应是间作研究的重要问题。间作作物种间竞争互补的影响因素包括:作物种类、种植密度、空间布局、环境要素等。针对种间竞争互补主导间作水分利用,但协同调控二者理论依据薄弱问题,未来研究重点领域包括:(1)研究间作作物干物质累积、分配和水分生产力时空变化,早熟作物收获后晚熟作物的恢复效应,明确水分利用效率与种间竞争互补强弱消长的相关关系;(2)检测土壤水势和有效水分的时空动态,解析土壤水分迁移与种间竞争互补的关系,形成水分供给调控竞争互补的理论依据;(3)研究间作对作物水分生理生长指标的影响,揭示水分生理生态特性对种间竞争互补的响应机制;(4)探讨根冠协同发育与群体水分利用、种间竞争互补的相关关系,阐明根冠协同调控优化种间关系、提高水分利用效率的基本机理。集成不同尺度研究成果,形成间作水分高效利用的种间竞争互补调控理论,为深化种间关系研究,推动缺水地区间作发展提供理论和技术支撑。
The mechanisms of interspecific competition and complementarity and the characteristics of water utilization in intercropping system are reviewed in this paper. Meanwhile,key research fields related to intercropping in the future are prospected. Intercropping system can increase water use efficiency( WUE) of crops,and is in favor of providing an optimum soil moisture environment for crop development. Competition and complementarity are two aspects of the same interspecific relationship; quantifying competition and complementary effect of intercrops on soil resources is an important topic in intercropping system. The main influence factors for interspecific competition and complementarity in intercropping system include crop species,planting density,spatial arrangement,and environmental factors. Interspecific competition and complementarity are leading factors influencing water utilization of intercrops and studies on synergistic effects of competition and complementarity in intercropping systems are limited. Prospective future research fields are identified as follows:( 1) To determine the dynamics of dry matter accumulation,allocation and irrigation water productivity,to study compensation effects on water use in late-maturing crops after the early-maturing crops were harvested in intercropping systems,and to clarify the correlation between WUE of crops and interspecific interaction.( 2) To investigate spatiotemporal dynamics of soil water potential and available soil water,and to analyze the relationships among soil water movements within interspecific competition and complementarity,in order to provide theoretical basis for optimizing interspecific competition and complementarity under irrigation regulations.( 3) To evaluate the effects of intercropping on crop moisture physiolo-gical and ecological characters so as to reveal the complementary mechanism of interspecific interaction with respect to hydro-physio-ecological viability.( 4) To explore the correlations between root-shoot equilibrium and spatiotemporal distribution of root,as well as water use characteristics and interspecific competition and complementarity,to elucidate how the root-shoot equilibrium works on improving WUE via the synergistic effects of inter specific competition and complementarity. By integrating the main results at different scales,theoretical basis for enhancing WUE of intercropping through regulating interspecific interactions could be established,which provides support for development and extension of intercropping systems in water-deficient areas.
引文
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