2016年淄博市部分初中生视力低下健康干预效果评价
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摘要
目的了解淄博市初中生视力低下的现状,为进一步完善眼健康教育和行为干预策略提供科学依据。方法 2016年4月采取分层整群抽样方法,在淄博市某区随机抽取4所初中学校,选择基础条件相似的2所学校进行分组,对干预组学生进行为期1学期和1学年的健康干预,对照组不作处理。结果淄博市初中生视力低下患病率为67.86%。初中生是否认真做眼保健操、在强光和弱光下看书、每天玩手机和看电视时间小于1 h、参加户外活动等,其视力低下患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05)。干预后学生视力知识知晓水平显著提高,2组在身体与桌沿的距离、看电视时眼睛与屏幕的距离与屏幕对角线长度关系等问题正答率方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且长期组在手指离笔头的距离、近视原理、晶体操原理、近视镜类型以及真性近视和假性近视划分这5道题的正答率均高于短期组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论淄博市初中生视力低下患病率较高。
Objective To understand the status of low vision among junior middle school students in Zibo city,so as to provide scientific basis for improving health education and developing behavior intervention strategies. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 4 junior middle schools in a district of Zibo city in April 2016.The schools were divided into 2 groups by similar conditions.The students in the intervention group accepted health intervention for 1 semester or 1 academic year respectively,while the control group was not treated. Results The prevalence of low vision among junior middle school students in Zibo city was 67.86%.There were statistically significant in the prevalence of low vision between whether do eye exercise seriously,reading in bright light and weak light,using phone and watching TV <1 h and outdoor activities(P<0.01,P<0.05).Health education can improve the awareness of low vision related knowledge significantly.There were significant differences in the correct answer rate in questions "the distance between the body and the table" and "the relationship between the distance of eyes and TV screen and screen diagonal length" after intervention(P<0.01).The long-term intervention group had higher correct answer rate in questions "distance of the finger from the head of the pen", "the principle of myopia", "the principle of crystalline lens exercise", "categories of myopic glasses" and "the division between true and false myopia" than the short-term intervention group with statistically significant difference(P<0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of low vision among junior middle school students in Zibo city is high.
Objective To understand the status of low vision among junior middle school students in Zibo city,so as to provide scientific basis for improving health education and developing behavior intervention strategies. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 4 junior middle schools in a district of Zibo city in April 2016.The schools were divided into 2 groups by similar conditions.The students in the intervention group accepted health intervention for 1 semester or 1 academic year respectively,while the control group was not treated. Results The prevalence of low vision among junior middle school students in Zibo city was 67.86%.There were statistically significant in the prevalence of low vision between whether do eye exercise seriously,reading in bright light and weak light,using phone and watching TV <1 h and outdoor activities(P<0.01,P<0.05).Health education can improve the awareness of low vision related knowledge significantly.There were significant differences in the correct answer rate in questions "the distance between the body and the table" and "the relationship between the distance of eyes and TV screen and screen diagonal length" after intervention(P<0.01).The long-term intervention group had higher correct answer rate in questions "distance of the finger from the head of the pen", "the principle of myopia", "the principle of crystalline lens exercise", "categories of myopic glasses" and "the division between true and false myopia" than the short-term intervention group with statistically significant difference(P<0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of low vision among junior middle school students in Zibo city is high.
引文
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[14] Dharani R,Lee CF,Theng ZX,et al.Comparison of measurements of time outdoors and light levels as risk factors for myopia in young Singapore children[J].Eye,2012,26(7):911-918.
[15] 黄演林,张容,孙群露,等.深圳市宝安区小学生视力低下群体性干预效果评价[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(10):1 006-1 009.
[16] 胡佳丽,高玉,葛茸茸,等.学龄儿童亲子视力保护知识态度行为影响因素及其相关性[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(6):826-827.
[2] 杨秀珍,李辉,王永.宁波市2009 ～2010年学生常见病监测结果分析[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2012,32(1):853-855.
[3] 国家体育总局.2014年国民体质监测公报.
[4] 王淑田,张艳青,张茜,等.2014年淄博市中小学生视力状况调查[J].预防医学论坛,2016,22(3):181-183.
[5] 吴慧,滕兆娥,吴建峰,等.山东省部分地区中小学生近视防治知识、态度和行为调查[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(9):1 205-1 208.
[6] 吕美霞,杨莉华,鲁本麟,等.武汉市中小学生近视综合干预效果分析[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(4):459-461.
[7] 石晓燕,潘勇平,高爱钰.北京市东城区中小学生预防近视相关知信行调查[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(10):1 240-1 241.
[8] 刘长俊,王静,郭怀兰,等.中学生视力低下状况及其影响因素调查[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(16):3 047-3 048.
[9] 高凡,徐燕,叶剑.重庆市城区1 880名小学生近视状况及其影响因素分析[J].第三军医大学学报,2013,35(11):1 137-1 140.
[10] 张世伟,卢立新,高仙,等.北京市西城区中小学生家庭用眼相关行为调查[J].中国学校卫生,2010,31(10):1 222-1 223.
[11] 庞燕,张严卓,孙立军,等.中学生近视的影响因素分析[J].实用预防医学,2009,16(3):714-716.
[12] 黄剑辉,段佳丽,宋玉珍,等.北京市9～22岁学生视力不良影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(7):1 019-1 021.
[13] 朱娜,罗家有,曾嵘,等.3 586名1～9年级学生近视现况及其与不良用眼行为的关系[J].中国卫生统计,2014,31(6):987-989.
[14] Dharani R,Lee CF,Theng ZX,et al.Comparison of measurements of time outdoors and light levels as risk factors for myopia in young Singapore children[J].Eye,2012,26(7):911-918.
[15] 黄演林,张容,孙群露,等.深圳市宝安区小学生视力低下群体性干预效果评价[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(10):1 006-1 009.
[16] 胡佳丽,高玉,葛茸茸,等.学龄儿童亲子视力保护知识态度行为影响因素及其相关性[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(6):826-827.