适于电气化铁路的三相四开关型有源滤波器选择性谐波补偿的控制策略
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摘要
为提高有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)的补偿性能和动态响应,提出采用选择性谐波补偿控制策略对待补偿谐波分量进行跟踪。针对普速和高速电力机车负荷特性,采用基于同步基波旋转坐标系的谐波电流检测方法及矢量比例积分(vector proportional-integral,VPI)调节器的选择谐波补偿方式,以减少电流控制环节的运算量,在补偿装置容量有限时可以选择补偿危害最大的谐波成分并提高待补偿谐波分量的跟踪精度。最后通过MATLAB仿真研究,电流总畸变率(total harmonic distortion,THD)由33.9%降至2.99%,负序与无功问题均得到解决,验证了VPI控制方法可以有效提高补偿精度,指令电流为混合谐波指令时,可以对其中主要次数谐波进行有效选择及跟踪,跟踪误差小,动态响应快,能够解决电气化铁路中的电能质量问题。
To improve the compensation characteristic and dynamic response of active power filter(APF), we put forward a selective harmonic current control strategy for APF to track those components to be compensated. According to the characteristics of normal and high speed locomotives, we adopted a detection method of harmonic currents based on synchronous rotating reference coordinates and VPI control scheme for selective harmonics compensation so as to reduce calculation of current control.Therefore, in the case of harmonic currents larger than the APF capability, the control system could selectively compensate only the most harmful harmonics. MATLAB simulation studies show that the total harmonic distortion of current will decrease from 33.9% to 2.99%, the problems of reactive power and negative sequence can be solved, thus it is verified the VPI control scheme can improve the compensation accuracy and select the main harmonics from the mixed reference, the advantages of smaller tracking error and faster dynamic response can improve electric energy quality.
To improve the compensation characteristic and dynamic response of active power filter(APF), we put forward a selective harmonic current control strategy for APF to track those components to be compensated. According to the characteristics of normal and high speed locomotives, we adopted a detection method of harmonic currents based on synchronous rotating reference coordinates and VPI control scheme for selective harmonics compensation so as to reduce calculation of current control.Therefore, in the case of harmonic currents larger than the APF capability, the control system could selectively compensate only the most harmful harmonics. MATLAB simulation studies show that the total harmonic distortion of current will decrease from 33.9% to 2.99%, the problems of reactive power and negative sequence can be solved, thus it is verified the VPI control scheme can improve the compensation accuracy and select the main harmonics from the mixed reference, the advantages of smaller tracking error and faster dynamic response can improve electric energy quality.
引文
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[10]王果,周末,常文寰.适用于高速铁路的三相四开关型滤波器的电流重复控制设计[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(2):71-77.WANG Guo,ZHOU Mo,CHANG Wenhuan.Repetitive current control of three-phase four-switch APF for high-speed railway[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(2):71-77.
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[12]杨秋霞,梁雄国,郭小强,等.准谐振控制器在有源电力滤波器中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(7):171-176.YANG Qiuxia,LIANG Xiongguo,GUO Xiaoqiang,et al.Application of quasi resonant controller for active power filter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(7):171-176.
[13]王萌,施艳艳,沈明辉.电网不对称故障下PWM整流器输入输出功率谐振控制[J].高电压技术,2014,40(2):597-603.WANG Meng,SHI Yanyan,SHEN Minghui.Input and output power resonance control strategy for PWM rectifiers under asymmetrical grid voltage faults[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(2):597-603.
[14]年珩,宋亦鹏.谐波电网下基于矢量比例积分电流调节器的双馈异步发电机运行控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(6):101-111.NIAN Heng,SONG Yipeng.DFIG operation control strategy under distorted grid conditions based on VPI current regulator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(6):101-111.
[15]李国华,汪玉凤,高小朋.基于PI-VPI控制器的三相四开关APF电流直接控制方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):56-62.LI Guohua,WANG Yufeng,GAO Xiaopeng.Direct current control for three-phase four-switch APF using PI-VPI controller[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):56-62.
[16]Francis B A,Wonham W M.The internal model principle for linear multivariable regulators[J].Applied Mathematics&Optimization,1975,2(2):170-194.
[17]Yuan X M,Merk W,Stemmler H,et al.Stationary frame generalized integrators for current control of active power filters with zero steady-state error for current harmonics of concern under unbalanced and distorted operating conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2002,38(2):523-532.
[2]吴广宁.轨道交通电气与安全专题引言[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3529-3530.WU Guangning.Preface[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3529-3530.
[3]唐欣,滕本科,涂春鸣.并联型有源电力滤波器的无功功率选择性补偿方法[J].高电压技术,2012,38(6):1480-1485.TANG Xin,TENG Benke,TU Chunming.Flexible compensation method of reactive power for shunt active power filter[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(6):1480-1485.
[4]刘威葳,丁洪发,段献忠.有源电力滤波器选择性谐波电流控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(27):14-20.LIU Weiwei,DING Hongfa,DUAN Xianzhong.Selecitve harmonic current control strategy in active power filters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(27):14-20.
[5]Lascu C,Asiminoaei L,Boldea I,et al.High performance current controller for selective harmonic compensation in active power filters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2007,22(5):1826-1835.
[6]易皓,卓放,詹文达,等.用于并联型有源电力滤波器的谐振调节器选择性特性比较分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(30):5320-5328.YI Hao,ZHUO Fang,ZHAN Wenda,et al.Comparison analysis on selective of resonant controllers for parallel active power filters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(30):5320-5328.
[7]Asiminoaei L,Hansen S,Lascu C,et al.Selective harmonic current mitigation with shunt active power filter[C]∥2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Aalborg,Denmark:IEEE,2007:1-10.
[8]周末,王果,常文寰,等.适于电气化铁路的三相两臂混合有源补偿研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(13):100-104.ZHOU Mo,WANG Guo,CHANG Wenhuan,et al.Study on hybrid active compensation based on three-phase two-leg inverter for electrification railway[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(13):100-104.
[9]谭兴国,冯高明,王辉,等.兼顾有源滤波的三相四开关光伏并网逆变器[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11):3590-3596.TAN Xingguo,FENG Gaoming,WANG Hui,et al.Three-phase four-switch grid-connected photovoltaic inverter combined with active power filter[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(11):3590-3596.
[10]王果,周末,常文寰.适用于高速铁路的三相四开关型滤波器的电流重复控制设计[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(2):71-77.WANG Guo,ZHOU Mo,CHANG Wenhuan.Repetitive current control of three-phase four-switch APF for high-speed railway[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(2):71-77.
[11]陈东华,谢少军,周波.用于有源电力滤波器谐波和无功电流检测的一种改进同步参考坐标法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(20):62-67.CHEN Donghua,XIE Shaoju,ZHOU Bo.An improved synchronous reference frame method for harmonics and reactive currents detection of active power filters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(20):62-67.
[12]杨秋霞,梁雄国,郭小强,等.准谐振控制器在有源电力滤波器中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(7):171-176.YANG Qiuxia,LIANG Xiongguo,GUO Xiaoqiang,et al.Application of quasi resonant controller for active power filter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(7):171-176.
[13]王萌,施艳艳,沈明辉.电网不对称故障下PWM整流器输入输出功率谐振控制[J].高电压技术,2014,40(2):597-603.WANG Meng,SHI Yanyan,SHEN Minghui.Input and output power resonance control strategy for PWM rectifiers under asymmetrical grid voltage faults[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(2):597-603.
[14]年珩,宋亦鹏.谐波电网下基于矢量比例积分电流调节器的双馈异步发电机运行控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(6):101-111.NIAN Heng,SONG Yipeng.DFIG operation control strategy under distorted grid conditions based on VPI current regulator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(6):101-111.
[15]李国华,汪玉凤,高小朋.基于PI-VPI控制器的三相四开关APF电流直接控制方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):56-62.LI Guohua,WANG Yufeng,GAO Xiaopeng.Direct current control for three-phase four-switch APF using PI-VPI controller[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):56-62.
[16]Francis B A,Wonham W M.The internal model principle for linear multivariable regulators[J].Applied Mathematics&Optimization,1975,2(2):170-194.
[17]Yuan X M,Merk W,Stemmler H,et al.Stationary frame generalized integrators for current control of active power filters with zero steady-state error for current harmonics of concern under unbalanced and distorted operating conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2002,38(2):523-532.