基于优化模型的直流电缆雷电冲击电压试验波形参数控制
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摘要
雷电冲击试验中的直流电缆为大电容试品,试验回路中电感对冲击波形的影响不可忽略,冲击电压发生器电阻参数设置不当将会导致波形过冲和振荡,为此提出一种基于优化模型的雷电冲击电压试验波形参数控制方法。首先,对试验回路进行理论推导,并分析波前时间和过冲率之间的关系,在此基础上引入一个可用于表征波形过冲率的变量Δ_m;其次,以波前时间最小为目标函数,通过限制Δ_m的数值对波形过冲率进行约束,建立电阻参数优化模型;最后,设置不同的Δ_m对模型进行求解,并通过仿真计算和实际试验验证其有效性。结果表明,随着Δ_m设置值的增加,过冲率呈上升趋势,波前时间呈下降趋势,优化模型能够对波形参数进行有效控制。为确定Δ_m的合理设置范围,研究了不同试品电容、不同回路电感下Δ_m设置值对过冲率、波前时间的影响。结果表明,Δ_m取值为0.9~1时,能够保证波形过冲率不超过标准规定的10%。
In a lightning impulse voltage test for DC cable,voltage waveform may contain overshoot and oscillation due to the large capacitance of DC cable and the loop inductance of the test circuit if the resistance parameters of impulse voltage generator are not set properly.To solve this problem,a parameter control method of lightning impulse voltage test waveform based on optimization model was proposed in this paper.At first,based on the theoretical derivation of test circuit and the analysis of the relationship between the wave front time and the overshoot rate,a variable denoted by Δ_mthat can be used to characterize the waveform overshoot rate was introduced.Secondly,the resistance parameters optimization model with the objective function of minimizing the front time was established,in which the overshoot rate constraint can be achieved by limiting the value of Δ_m.Finally,the model was solved by using various values of Δ_m,and then the simulation and experimental studies were carried out to verify its validity.The results show that overshoot rate increases and front time decreases with the increase of Δ_m,so the optimization model can effectively control the parameters of the impulse waveform.In order to determine the reasonable range of Δ_m,the effect of Δ_mon overshoot rate and front time with differentvalues of cable capacitance and loop inductance was studied.The result indicates that the reasonable range of Δ_m should be 0.9 ~ 1 which can ensure that the overshoot rate does not exceed the standard limit of 10%.
In a lightning impulse voltage test for DC cable,voltage waveform may contain overshoot and oscillation due to the large capacitance of DC cable and the loop inductance of the test circuit if the resistance parameters of impulse voltage generator are not set properly.To solve this problem,a parameter control method of lightning impulse voltage test waveform based on optimization model was proposed in this paper.At first,based on the theoretical derivation of test circuit and the analysis of the relationship between the wave front time and the overshoot rate,a variable denoted by Δ_mthat can be used to characterize the waveform overshoot rate was introduced.Secondly,the resistance parameters optimization model with the objective function of minimizing the front time was established,in which the overshoot rate constraint can be achieved by limiting the value of Δ_m.Finally,the model was solved by using various values of Δ_m,and then the simulation and experimental studies were carried out to verify its validity.The results show that overshoot rate increases and front time decreases with the increase of Δ_m,so the optimization model can effectively control the parameters of the impulse waveform.In order to determine the reasonable range of Δ_m,the effect of Δ_mon overshoot rate and front time with differentvalues of cable capacitance and loop inductance was studied.The result indicates that the reasonable range of Δ_m should be 0.9 ~ 1 which can ensure that the overshoot rate does not exceed the standard limit of 10%.
引文
[1]廖武,黄守道,黄晟,等.基于模块化多电平换流器的直流输电系统网侧不平衡故障穿越研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(12):197-203.Liao Wu,Huang Shoudao,Huang Sheng,et al.Unbalanced grid fault ride-through control method of HVDC power transmission based on modular multilevel converters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(12):197-203.
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[4]陈曦,王霞,吴锴,等.温度梯度场对高直流电压下聚乙烯中空间电荷及场强畸变的影响[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(3):13-19.Chen Xi,Wang Xia,Wu Kai,et al.Space charge accumulation and stress distortion in polyethylene under high DC voltage and temperature gradient[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(3):13-19.
[5]李爽,王志新,王国强.海上风电柔性直流输电变流器P-DPC控制研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(2):264-270.Li Shuang,Wang Zhixin,Wang Guoqiang.Predictive direct power control strategy for offshore wind power VSCHVDC converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(2):264-270.
[6]唐欣,李建霖,滕本科.提高扰动下VSC-HVDC供电电压质量的逆变站控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):112-119.Tang Xin,Li Jianlin,Teng Benke.Enhancement of voltage quality in a passive network supplied by a VSCHVDC system under disturbances[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):112-119.
[7]楚遵方,李耀华,王平,等.柔性直流输电系统中模块化多电平变流器的直流侧充电策略分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(12):136-142.Chu Zunfang,Li Yaohua,Wang Ping,et al.Analysis of charging strategy by DC grid of modular multilevel converter in high voltage direct current transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(12):136-142.
[8]杨煜,孙大卫,谢小荣,等.模块化多电平换流器型柔性直流系统的等效仿真方法比较[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(12):43-48.Yang Yu,Sun Dawei,Xie Xiaorong,et al.Comparative study on the accelerated models of MMC-based VSCHVDC sy stems[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(12):43-48.
[9]王珂,刘建涛,李亚平,等.柔性直流输电系统的自适应下垂反馈控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(9):48-53.Wang Ke,Liu Jiantao,Li Yaping,et al.An adaptive power control strategy based droop feedback for VSCHVDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(9):48-53.
[10]朱玲,符晓巍,胡晓波,等.模块化多电平变流器HVDC系统的模型预测控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(16):1-8.Zhu Ling,Fu Xiaowei,Hu Xiaobo,et al.Model predictive control of modular multilevel converter for HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(16):1-8.
[11]Flourentzou N,Agelidis V G,Demetriades G D.VSCbased HVDC power transmission systems:an overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(3):592-602.
[12]周远翔,赵健康,刘睿,等.高压/超高压电力电缆关键技术分析及展望[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2593-2612.Zhou Yuanxiang,Zhao Jiankang,Liu Rui,et al.Key technical analysis and prospect of high voltage and extrahigh voltage power cable[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2539-2612.
[13]杨黎明,朱智恩,杨荣凯,等.柔性直流电缆绝缘料及电缆结构设计[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):117-124.Yang Liming,Zhu Zhien,Yang Rongkai,et al.Insulation material and structure design of HVDC flexible cables[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2013,37(15):117-124.
[14]IEC 60060-1.High-voltage test technique-part 1:general definition and test requirement[S].2010.
[15]IEC 60230.Impulse tests on cables and their accessories[S].1966.
[16]周振华,吕学山,丁雄勇.GIL雷电试验过冲研究与应用[J].电气应用,2016,35(3):24-29.Zhou Zhenhua,LüXueshan,Ding Xiongyong.Research and application on overshoot rate of lightning impulse test for GIL[J].Electrotechnical Application,2016,35(3):24-29.
[17]朱胜龙,叶剑涛,郁书好.冲击电压发生器放电回路数学分析及Matlab在其中的应用[J].电气应用,2005,24(9):51-54.Zhu Shenglong,Ye Jiantao,Yu Shuhao.Mathematic analysis for the discharging circuit of impulse voltage generator and application of MATLAB[J].Electrotechnical Application,2005,24(9):51-54.
[18]李光范,廖蔚明,李庆峰,等.7200k V/480k J冲击电压发生器的输出电压特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(25):1-7.Li Guangfan,Liao Weiming,Li Qingfeng,et al.Voltage output performance of 7200k V/480k J impulse voltage generator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(25):1-7.
[19]王浩洋,孙伟,傅正财,等.负荷对冲击电压发生器输出能力的影响研究[J].高压电器,2009,45(5):92-95.Wang Haoyang,Sun Wei,Fu Zhengcai,et al.Investigation of load impact on output capability of impulse voltage generator[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2009,45(5):92-95.
[20]钟磊,申萌,李华良,等.限制特高压开关设备雷电冲击过冲的试验回路开发[J].高压电器,2014,50(10):20-24.Zhong Lei,Shen Meng,Li Hualiang,et al.Test circuit development for limit the lightning impulse overshoot for UHV switchgear[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2014,50(10):20-24.
[21]乐彦杰,宣耀伟,俞恩科,等.不同接线方式下直流电缆雷电冲击试验研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2723-2731.Le Yanjie,Xuan Yaowei,Yu Enke,et al.Study on lightning impulse test for DC power cable under different connection ways[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2723-2731.
[22]Hinow M,Hauschild W,Gockenbach E.Lightning impulse voltage and overshoot evaluation proposed in drafts of IEC 60060-1 and future UHV testing[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(5):1628-1634.
[23]司文荣,傅晨钊,黄华,等.雷电冲击电压波形K因子零相位数字滤波器设计[J].电工电能新技术,2012,31(2):11-14.Si Wenrong,Fu Chenzhao,Huang Hua,et al.Design of zero-phase digital filter with K factor used in parameters evaluation for lightning impulse[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2012,31(2):11-14.
[24]Okabe S,Tsuboi T,Ueta G,et al.Basic study of fitting method for base curve extraction in lightning impulse test techniques[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(1):2-4.
[25]Ueta G,Tsuboi T,Okabe S,et al.Evaluation of overshoot rate of lightning impulse withstand voltage test waveform based on new base curve fitting methods-study on overshoot waveform in an actual test circuit[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):783-791.
[26]Ueta G,Tsuboi T,Okabe S,et al.K-factor value and front time related characteristics of UHV-class air insulation for positive polarity lightning impulse test[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2012,19(3):877-885.
[27]Ueta G,Tsuboi T,Takami J,et al.Study on the Kfactor function in the lightning impulse test for UHV-class electric power equipment[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2012,19(4):1383-1391.
[28]Tsuboi T,Ueta G,Okabe S,et al.K-factor value and front-time-related characteristics in negative polarity lightning impulse test for UHV-class air insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(2):1148-1155.
[2]黄银龙,乐健,毛涛,等.一种新型的高压直流输电系统直流侧谐波电压测量方法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(22):144-152.Huang Yinlong,Le Jian,Mao Tao,et al.A novel measurement method of the harmonic voltage on the DCside of HVDC transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(22):144-152.
[3]韩宝忠,傅明利,李春阳,等.硅橡胶电导特性对XLPE绝缘高压直流电缆终端电场分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2627-2634.Han Baozhong,Fu Mingli,Li Chunyang,et al.Effect of silicone rubber's electric conductance characteristic on electric field distribution inside XLPE insulated HVDC cable termination[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2627-2634.
[4]陈曦,王霞,吴锴,等.温度梯度场对高直流电压下聚乙烯中空间电荷及场强畸变的影响[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(3):13-19.Chen Xi,Wang Xia,Wu Kai,et al.Space charge accumulation and stress distortion in polyethylene under high DC voltage and temperature gradient[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(3):13-19.
[5]李爽,王志新,王国强.海上风电柔性直流输电变流器P-DPC控制研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(2):264-270.Li Shuang,Wang Zhixin,Wang Guoqiang.Predictive direct power control strategy for offshore wind power VSCHVDC converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(2):264-270.
[6]唐欣,李建霖,滕本科.提高扰动下VSC-HVDC供电电压质量的逆变站控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):112-119.Tang Xin,Li Jianlin,Teng Benke.Enhancement of voltage quality in a passive network supplied by a VSCHVDC system under disturbances[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):112-119.
[7]楚遵方,李耀华,王平,等.柔性直流输电系统中模块化多电平变流器的直流侧充电策略分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(12):136-142.Chu Zunfang,Li Yaohua,Wang Ping,et al.Analysis of charging strategy by DC grid of modular multilevel converter in high voltage direct current transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(12):136-142.
[8]杨煜,孙大卫,谢小荣,等.模块化多电平换流器型柔性直流系统的等效仿真方法比较[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(12):43-48.Yang Yu,Sun Dawei,Xie Xiaorong,et al.Comparative study on the accelerated models of MMC-based VSCHVDC sy stems[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(12):43-48.
[9]王珂,刘建涛,李亚平,等.柔性直流输电系统的自适应下垂反馈控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(9):48-53.Wang Ke,Liu Jiantao,Li Yaping,et al.An adaptive power control strategy based droop feedback for VSCHVDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(9):48-53.
[10]朱玲,符晓巍,胡晓波,等.模块化多电平变流器HVDC系统的模型预测控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(16):1-8.Zhu Ling,Fu Xiaowei,Hu Xiaobo,et al.Model predictive control of modular multilevel converter for HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(16):1-8.
[11]Flourentzou N,Agelidis V G,Demetriades G D.VSCbased HVDC power transmission systems:an overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(3):592-602.
[12]周远翔,赵健康,刘睿,等.高压/超高压电力电缆关键技术分析及展望[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2593-2612.Zhou Yuanxiang,Zhao Jiankang,Liu Rui,et al.Key technical analysis and prospect of high voltage and extrahigh voltage power cable[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2539-2612.
[13]杨黎明,朱智恩,杨荣凯,等.柔性直流电缆绝缘料及电缆结构设计[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):117-124.Yang Liming,Zhu Zhien,Yang Rongkai,et al.Insulation material and structure design of HVDC flexible cables[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2013,37(15):117-124.
[14]IEC 60060-1.High-voltage test technique-part 1:general definition and test requirement[S].2010.
[15]IEC 60230.Impulse tests on cables and their accessories[S].1966.
[16]周振华,吕学山,丁雄勇.GIL雷电试验过冲研究与应用[J].电气应用,2016,35(3):24-29.Zhou Zhenhua,LüXueshan,Ding Xiongyong.Research and application on overshoot rate of lightning impulse test for GIL[J].Electrotechnical Application,2016,35(3):24-29.
[17]朱胜龙,叶剑涛,郁书好.冲击电压发生器放电回路数学分析及Matlab在其中的应用[J].电气应用,2005,24(9):51-54.Zhu Shenglong,Ye Jiantao,Yu Shuhao.Mathematic analysis for the discharging circuit of impulse voltage generator and application of MATLAB[J].Electrotechnical Application,2005,24(9):51-54.
[18]李光范,廖蔚明,李庆峰,等.7200k V/480k J冲击电压发生器的输出电压特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(25):1-7.Li Guangfan,Liao Weiming,Li Qingfeng,et al.Voltage output performance of 7200k V/480k J impulse voltage generator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(25):1-7.
[19]王浩洋,孙伟,傅正财,等.负荷对冲击电压发生器输出能力的影响研究[J].高压电器,2009,45(5):92-95.Wang Haoyang,Sun Wei,Fu Zhengcai,et al.Investigation of load impact on output capability of impulse voltage generator[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2009,45(5):92-95.
[20]钟磊,申萌,李华良,等.限制特高压开关设备雷电冲击过冲的试验回路开发[J].高压电器,2014,50(10):20-24.Zhong Lei,Shen Meng,Li Hualiang,et al.Test circuit development for limit the lightning impulse overshoot for UHV switchgear[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2014,50(10):20-24.
[21]乐彦杰,宣耀伟,俞恩科,等.不同接线方式下直流电缆雷电冲击试验研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2723-2731.Le Yanjie,Xuan Yaowei,Yu Enke,et al.Study on lightning impulse test for DC power cable under different connection ways[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2723-2731.
[22]Hinow M,Hauschild W,Gockenbach E.Lightning impulse voltage and overshoot evaluation proposed in drafts of IEC 60060-1 and future UHV testing[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(5):1628-1634.
[23]司文荣,傅晨钊,黄华,等.雷电冲击电压波形K因子零相位数字滤波器设计[J].电工电能新技术,2012,31(2):11-14.Si Wenrong,Fu Chenzhao,Huang Hua,et al.Design of zero-phase digital filter with K factor used in parameters evaluation for lightning impulse[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2012,31(2):11-14.
[24]Okabe S,Tsuboi T,Ueta G,et al.Basic study of fitting method for base curve extraction in lightning impulse test techniques[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(1):2-4.
[25]Ueta G,Tsuboi T,Okabe S,et al.Evaluation of overshoot rate of lightning impulse withstand voltage test waveform based on new base curve fitting methods-study on overshoot waveform in an actual test circuit[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):783-791.
[26]Ueta G,Tsuboi T,Okabe S,et al.K-factor value and front time related characteristics of UHV-class air insulation for positive polarity lightning impulse test[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2012,19(3):877-885.
[27]Ueta G,Tsuboi T,Takami J,et al.Study on the Kfactor function in the lightning impulse test for UHV-class electric power equipment[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2012,19(4):1383-1391.
[28]Tsuboi T,Ueta G,Okabe S,et al.K-factor value and front-time-related characteristics in negative polarity lightning impulse test for UHV-class air insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(2):1148-1155.