诱导始期、温度和历期对松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育诱导及解除滞育的影响
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摘要
为实现赤眼蜂滞育技术在工厂化生产中的应用,在实验室条件下测定了诱导始期(卵期,幼虫前期、中期、后期,预蛹初期)、温度(8、10、12和14℃)及诱导历期(10、20、30和40 d)对松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi滞育诱导的作用,并对其解除滞育的条件进行了探索。结果表明:松毛虫赤眼蜂从卵期到预蛹初期均可被诱导滞育,以幼虫中期诱导效果最佳。12℃为诱导松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育的最适温度,12℃下诱导滞育20 d,松毛虫赤眼蜂即可进入稳定的滞育状态,滞育率达97.4%。赤眼蜂滞育后,需经过一段时间的低温后才能完成滞育发育。滞育松毛虫赤眼蜂在3℃条件下储藏70 d,解除滞育率达95.9%,3℃条件下经历各储存时间的滞育解除率均高于0℃。
In order to successfully utilize the diapause technology for the factory production of Trichogramma, the diapause induction conditions for T. dendrolimi were investigated in the laboratory. The effects of inducing initial developmental stage(egg, earlier, intermediate, and later periods of larvae, prepupae), inducing temperature(8, 10, 12 and 14℃) and inducing period(10, 20, 30, and 40 d) on diapause rate were investigated. Besides, the optimal conditions for diapause termination were also measured. The results showed that, from egg stage to prepupal stage, T. dendrolimi could be induced into diapause. On the whole, the intermediate larval stage was the most sensitive period for diapause induction. The suitable inducing constant temperature of T. dendrolimi was 12℃. At 12℃ for 20 days, 97.4%of T. dendrolimi were induced into diapause. Once the parasitoids entered diapause, they would experience a period of cold storage to complete the diapause development. At 3℃ for 70 days, the rate of diapause termination reached 95.9%. The diapause termination rates at 3℃ during all tested storage periods were higher than those stored at 0℃.
In order to successfully utilize the diapause technology for the factory production of Trichogramma, the diapause induction conditions for T. dendrolimi were investigated in the laboratory. The effects of inducing initial developmental stage(egg, earlier, intermediate, and later periods of larvae, prepupae), inducing temperature(8, 10, 12 and 14℃) and inducing period(10, 20, 30, and 40 d) on diapause rate were investigated. Besides, the optimal conditions for diapause termination were also measured. The results showed that, from egg stage to prepupal stage, T. dendrolimi could be induced into diapause. On the whole, the intermediate larval stage was the most sensitive period for diapause induction. The suitable inducing constant temperature of T. dendrolimi was 12℃. At 12℃ for 20 days, 97.4%of T. dendrolimi were induced into diapause. Once the parasitoids entered diapause, they would experience a period of cold storage to complete the diapause development. At 3℃ for 70 days, the rate of diapause termination reached 95.9%. The diapause termination rates at 3℃ during all tested storage periods were higher than those stored at 0℃.
引文
Geng JH,Shen ZR,Li ZX,Zhang F.2005.Optimal stage and temperature for cold storage of Trichogramma dendrolimi reared on Antheraea pernyi eggs.Acta Entomologica Sinica,48(6):903-909(in Chinese)[耿金虎,沈佐锐,李正西,张帆.2005.利用柞蚕卵繁殖的松毛虫赤眼蜂的适宜冷贮虫期和温度.昆虫学报,48(6):903-909]
Ghosh E,Ballal CR.2017.Diapause induction and termination in Indian strains of Trichogramma chilonis(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Canadian Entomologist,149(5):1-9
Ivanov MF,Reznik SY.2008.Photoperiodic regulation of the diapause of the progeny in Trichogramma embryophagum Htg.(Hymenoptera,Trichogrammatidae):dynamics of sensitivity to photoperiod at the immature stages of maternal females.Entomological Review,88(3):261-268
Laing JE,Corrigan JE.1995.Diapause induction and post-diapause emergence in Trichogramma minutum Riley(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae):the role of host species,temperature and photoperiod.Canadian Entomologist,127(1):103-110
Li LY,Zhu DF,Chen QX,Zhang ML,Shliachtich VA,Greenberg AM.1992.Trichogramma spp.diapsuse induced by low temperature relation to hosts.Natural Enemies of Insects,14(3):117-125(in Chinese)[李丽英,朱涤芳,陈巧贤,张敏玲,弗·阿·希略赫基契,阿·莫·格林别尔格.1992.低温诱导赤眼蜂滞育与寄主的关系.昆虫天敌,14(3):117-125]
Ma CS,Chen YW.2005.Effects of alternating temperature and time on diapause of Trichogramma dendrolimi.Journal of Plant Protection,32(2):174-178(in Chinese)[马春森,陈玉文.2005.二步中低变温对松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育的诱导作用.植物保护学报,32(2):174-178]
Ma CS,Chen YW.2006.Effects of constant temperature,exposure period,and age on diapause induction in Trichogramma dendrolimi.Biological Control,36(3):267-273
Pang XF,Chen TL.1974.Trichogramma of China(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,17(4):441-454(in Chinese)[庞雄飞,陈泰鲁.1974.中国的赤眼蜂属Trichogramma记述.昆虫学报,17(4):441-454]
Pinto JD.1992.Novel taxa of Trichogramma from the New World tropics and Australia(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Journal of the New York Entomological Society,100(4):621-633
Pizzol J,Desneux N,Wajnberg E,Thiéry D.2012.Parasitoid and host egg ages have independent impact on various biological traits in a Trichogramma species.Journal of Pest Science,85(5):489-496
Pompanon F,Boulétreau M.1997.Effect of diapause and developmental host species on the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of Trichogramma brassicae female.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,82(2):231-234
Rahimi-Kaldeh S,Ashouri A,Bandani A,Tomioka K.2017.The effect of Wolbachia on diapause,fecundity,and clock gene expression in Trichogramma brassicae(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Development Genes and Evolution,227(6):401-410
Reznik SY,Voinovich ND.2016.Diapause induction in Trichogramma telengai:the dynamics of maternal thermosensitivity.Physiological Entomology,41(4):335-343
Ventura Garcia P,Wajnberg E,Pizzol J,Oliveira MLM.2002.Diapause in the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cordubensis:role of temperature.Journal of Insect Physiology,48(3):349-355
Wang CL,Wang HX,Wang YA,Lu H.1981.Studies on the relationship of temperature and development of Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura.Zoological Research,2(4):25-34(in Chinese)[王承纶,王辉先,王野岸,路红.1981.松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura个体发育与温度的关系.动物学研究,2(4):25-34]
Xu WH.2008.Advances in insect diapause.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,45(4):512-517(in Chinese)[徐卫华.2008.昆虫滞育研究进展.昆虫知识,45(4):512-517]
Zaslavski VA,Umarova TY.1990.Environmental and endogenous control of diapause in Trichogramma species.Entomophaga,35(1):23-29
Zhang J,Wang JL,Yang CC,Cong B.1994.A study on the method inducing Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura into diapause stage.Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,25(3):254-258(in Chinese)[张荆,王金玲,杨长城,丛斌.1994.利用低温诱导松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育技术研究.沈阳农业大学学报,25(3):254-258]
Zhang JJ,Desneux N,Benelli G,Zang LS,Du WM,Ruan CC.2017.Geographic variation of diapause induction rates in Trichogramma drendrolimi(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae)in China.Journal of Economic Entomology,110(2):386-391
Zhang JJ,Ren BZ,Yuan XH,Zang LS,Ruan CC,Sun GZ,Shao XW.2014.Effects of host-egg ages on host selection and suitability of four Chinese Trichogramma species,egg parasitoids of the rice striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis.BioControl,59(2):159-166
Zhang JJ,Ruan CC,Zang LS,Shao XW,Shi SS.2015.Technological improvements for mass production of Trichogramma and current status of their applications for biological control on agricultural pests in China.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,31(5):638-646(in Chinese)[张俊杰,阮长春,臧连生,邵玺文,史树森.2015.我国赤眼蜂工厂化繁育技术改进及防治农业害虫应用现状.中国生物防治学报,31(5):638-646]
Zhang LS,Chen HY,Wang MQ,Liu CX,Zhang Y,Chen CF,Wang SY.2014.Research prospects in diapause of parasitoid wasp.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,30(2):149-164(in Chinese)[张礼生,陈红印,王孟卿,刘晨曦,张莹,陈长风,王树英.2014.寄生蜂的滞育研究进展.中国生物防治学报,30(2):149-164]
Zhang W,Liu S,Li N,Chen J,He YZ,Qin QJ.2014.Effects of photoperiods on adult diapause of Harmonia axyridis(Pallas).Journal of Plant Protection,41(4):495-500(in Chinese)[张伟,刘顺,李娜,陈洁,何运转,秦秋菊.2014.光周期对异色瓢虫生殖滞育的影响.植物保护学报,41(4):495-500]
Zhou SX,Lu X,Zhang GH,Li LJ,Ding Y.2014.Research on the induction and termination of diapause in Trichogramma dendrolimi.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(1):45-52(in Chinese)[周淑香,鲁新,张国红,李丽娟,丁岩.2014.松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育诱导及解除条件研究.应用昆虫学报,51(1):45-52]
Zhu DF,Zhang ML,Li LY.1992.A study on the diapause and coldstorage technique of Trichogramma evenescens.Natural Enemies of Insects,14(4):173-176(in Chinese)[朱涤芳,张敏玲,李丽英.1992.广赤眼蜂滞育及储存技术研究.昆虫天敌,14(4):173-176]
Ghosh E,Ballal CR.2017.Diapause induction and termination in Indian strains of Trichogramma chilonis(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Canadian Entomologist,149(5):1-9
Ivanov MF,Reznik SY.2008.Photoperiodic regulation of the diapause of the progeny in Trichogramma embryophagum Htg.(Hymenoptera,Trichogrammatidae):dynamics of sensitivity to photoperiod at the immature stages of maternal females.Entomological Review,88(3):261-268
Laing JE,Corrigan JE.1995.Diapause induction and post-diapause emergence in Trichogramma minutum Riley(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae):the role of host species,temperature and photoperiod.Canadian Entomologist,127(1):103-110
Li LY,Zhu DF,Chen QX,Zhang ML,Shliachtich VA,Greenberg AM.1992.Trichogramma spp.diapsuse induced by low temperature relation to hosts.Natural Enemies of Insects,14(3):117-125(in Chinese)[李丽英,朱涤芳,陈巧贤,张敏玲,弗·阿·希略赫基契,阿·莫·格林别尔格.1992.低温诱导赤眼蜂滞育与寄主的关系.昆虫天敌,14(3):117-125]
Ma CS,Chen YW.2005.Effects of alternating temperature and time on diapause of Trichogramma dendrolimi.Journal of Plant Protection,32(2):174-178(in Chinese)[马春森,陈玉文.2005.二步中低变温对松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育的诱导作用.植物保护学报,32(2):174-178]
Ma CS,Chen YW.2006.Effects of constant temperature,exposure period,and age on diapause induction in Trichogramma dendrolimi.Biological Control,36(3):267-273
Pang XF,Chen TL.1974.Trichogramma of China(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,17(4):441-454(in Chinese)[庞雄飞,陈泰鲁.1974.中国的赤眼蜂属Trichogramma记述.昆虫学报,17(4):441-454]
Pinto JD.1992.Novel taxa of Trichogramma from the New World tropics and Australia(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Journal of the New York Entomological Society,100(4):621-633
Pizzol J,Desneux N,Wajnberg E,Thiéry D.2012.Parasitoid and host egg ages have independent impact on various biological traits in a Trichogramma species.Journal of Pest Science,85(5):489-496
Pompanon F,Boulétreau M.1997.Effect of diapause and developmental host species on the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of Trichogramma brassicae female.Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,82(2):231-234
Rahimi-Kaldeh S,Ashouri A,Bandani A,Tomioka K.2017.The effect of Wolbachia on diapause,fecundity,and clock gene expression in Trichogramma brassicae(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Development Genes and Evolution,227(6):401-410
Reznik SY,Voinovich ND.2016.Diapause induction in Trichogramma telengai:the dynamics of maternal thermosensitivity.Physiological Entomology,41(4):335-343
Ventura Garcia P,Wajnberg E,Pizzol J,Oliveira MLM.2002.Diapause in the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cordubensis:role of temperature.Journal of Insect Physiology,48(3):349-355
Wang CL,Wang HX,Wang YA,Lu H.1981.Studies on the relationship of temperature and development of Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura.Zoological Research,2(4):25-34(in Chinese)[王承纶,王辉先,王野岸,路红.1981.松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura个体发育与温度的关系.动物学研究,2(4):25-34]
Xu WH.2008.Advances in insect diapause.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,45(4):512-517(in Chinese)[徐卫华.2008.昆虫滞育研究进展.昆虫知识,45(4):512-517]
Zaslavski VA,Umarova TY.1990.Environmental and endogenous control of diapause in Trichogramma species.Entomophaga,35(1):23-29
Zhang J,Wang JL,Yang CC,Cong B.1994.A study on the method inducing Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura into diapause stage.Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,25(3):254-258(in Chinese)[张荆,王金玲,杨长城,丛斌.1994.利用低温诱导松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育技术研究.沈阳农业大学学报,25(3):254-258]
Zhang JJ,Desneux N,Benelli G,Zang LS,Du WM,Ruan CC.2017.Geographic variation of diapause induction rates in Trichogramma drendrolimi(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae)in China.Journal of Economic Entomology,110(2):386-391
Zhang JJ,Ren BZ,Yuan XH,Zang LS,Ruan CC,Sun GZ,Shao XW.2014.Effects of host-egg ages on host selection and suitability of four Chinese Trichogramma species,egg parasitoids of the rice striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis.BioControl,59(2):159-166
Zhang JJ,Ruan CC,Zang LS,Shao XW,Shi SS.2015.Technological improvements for mass production of Trichogramma and current status of their applications for biological control on agricultural pests in China.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,31(5):638-646(in Chinese)[张俊杰,阮长春,臧连生,邵玺文,史树森.2015.我国赤眼蜂工厂化繁育技术改进及防治农业害虫应用现状.中国生物防治学报,31(5):638-646]
Zhang LS,Chen HY,Wang MQ,Liu CX,Zhang Y,Chen CF,Wang SY.2014.Research prospects in diapause of parasitoid wasp.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,30(2):149-164(in Chinese)[张礼生,陈红印,王孟卿,刘晨曦,张莹,陈长风,王树英.2014.寄生蜂的滞育研究进展.中国生物防治学报,30(2):149-164]
Zhang W,Liu S,Li N,Chen J,He YZ,Qin QJ.2014.Effects of photoperiods on adult diapause of Harmonia axyridis(Pallas).Journal of Plant Protection,41(4):495-500(in Chinese)[张伟,刘顺,李娜,陈洁,何运转,秦秋菊.2014.光周期对异色瓢虫生殖滞育的影响.植物保护学报,41(4):495-500]
Zhou SX,Lu X,Zhang GH,Li LJ,Ding Y.2014.Research on the induction and termination of diapause in Trichogramma dendrolimi.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(1):45-52(in Chinese)[周淑香,鲁新,张国红,李丽娟,丁岩.2014.松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育诱导及解除条件研究.应用昆虫学报,51(1):45-52]
Zhu DF,Zhang ML,Li LY.1992.A study on the diapause and coldstorage technique of Trichogramma evenescens.Natural Enemies of Insects,14(4):173-176(in Chinese)[朱涤芳,张敏玲,李丽英.1992.广赤眼蜂滞育及储存技术研究.昆虫天敌,14(4):173-176]