摘要
偏晶合金十分广泛,若能将其制成原位复合材料,如:弥散型复合材料、壳/核结构复合材料或第二相呈现纤维状排列的复合材料等,则其中许多具有优异性能,工业应用前景广阔。但该类合金凝固时首先发生液-液相变,生成2个互不混溶的液相,在常规的凝固条件下,极易形成相偏析严重乃至两相分层的凝固组织。近年来,偏晶合金凝固理论及凝固组织控制研究受到了材料科学领域的高度重视,人们在空间和地面上开展了大量实验,尝试了用电场、磁场、微合金化等方法控制偏晶合金凝固组织的可行性,并结合实验开展了深入的建模与模拟研究。本文综述了近年来有关偏晶合金凝固过程研究的进展,展望了本领域今后的发展趋势。
Monotectic alloys or alloys with a miscibility gap in the liquid state are a broad kind of materials. Many of them have great potential applications in industry. However, these alloys have an essential drawback that the miscibility gap poses problems during solidification. When a homogeneous single phase liquid is cooled into the miscibility gap, the components are no longer miscible and two liquid phases develop. Generally, the liquid-liquid decomposition begins with the nucleation of the minority phase droplets. These droplets grow and coarsen then. They can also settle or float due to the specific gravity differences between phases and migrate due to the temperature gradient or concentration gradient. The motions of the droplets cause the formation of a microstructure with serious phase segregation. Researchs have been carried out to investigate the solidification process of monotectic alloys on ground as well as under the microgravity conditions in space. The feasibility of controlling the microstructures of monotectic alloys by using electric field, magnetic field, microalloying, etc. has been investigated. Meanwhile, plenty of efforts have been made to model and simulate the microstructure evolution of monotectic alloy during the L-L phase transformation. This article will review the research work in this field during the last few decades and propose some perspectives for future studies on the solidification process of monotectic alloys.
引文
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