空间粒度变化对县域农村居民点景观指数的影响——以江苏省大丰市为例
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摘要
[方法]以江苏省大丰市2013年度土地利用变更调查数据为基本数据源,利用arcgis10.0将其分别转化为50~500m以内以50m为间隔的10组栅格数据,利用fragastats3.4对9个景观指数进行计算,[目的]分析其农村居民点景观格局特征及其粒度效应。[结果]研究表明:研究区农村居民点小斑块所占比例较大,面积在1hm2以下的斑块占总斑块数的80%以上,整体分布呈现出"大分散、小集中"的特点。农村居民点景观指数具有明显的粒度效应,其中随粒度增大而增加的有平均斑块面积、景观面积和最大斑块指数,随粒度增大而降低的有斑块个数、斑块密度、形状指数、聚集度指数、结合度指数和分离度指数。粒度响应最敏感的指数为斑块个数和斑块密度,具有中等敏感性的指数为平均斑块面积、分离度指数和聚集度指数,结合度指数、最大斑块指数、斑块形状指数和景观总面积对粒度响应的敏感性较低。[结论]综合各个景观指数的变化特点发现,粒度的增大最终将导致研究区居民点景观斑块形状更加规则,最大斑块的优势度上升,景观破碎度降低,景观斑块间连通性降低且分布趋向分散。该研究可为农村居民点规划与生态评价提供依据。
Taking the 2013 year's land survey data on the rural settlement in Dafeng county of Jiangsu province as the basic date source,this paper transformed the vector data to raster data from 50 ~ 500 m by step length of 50 m interval based on Rule of Centric Cell by using Arc GIS10. 0 software,calculated the nine selected landscape indices using Fragstats 3. 4 software,and analyzed the effect of the rural settlement landscape pattern which was influenced by different grinds of administrative center. The results showed that the small patch was in a large proportion of rural settlement,the number of the area less than 1hm2 reached 80% of the total patch,and showed a distribution characteristic of " large dispersion,small Aggregation". The rural settlement landscape indices all had strong scale effect. The increase of granularity increased the average area of patches,the landscape area,and the largest patch indices,and decreased the numbers of patches,the patches density,the patch shape index,the landscape aggregation index,the patch cohesion index and landscape division index. In all of these landscape indices,the most sensitive indices to the granularity were the number and density of patches,the middle sensitive indices were the average area of patches,the aggregation index,and the division index,and the low sensitive index were the cohesion index,the largest patch index,and the patch shape index. It concluded that the increase of granularity would lead to the shape of patches be more inerratic,increase the degree of the dominance of the largest parch,decrease the degree of fragmentation of the patches,and disperse the patches distribution. This study can provide an evidence for rural settlement planning and ecological evaluation.
Taking the 2013 year's land survey data on the rural settlement in Dafeng county of Jiangsu province as the basic date source,this paper transformed the vector data to raster data from 50 ~ 500 m by step length of 50 m interval based on Rule of Centric Cell by using Arc GIS10. 0 software,calculated the nine selected landscape indices using Fragstats 3. 4 software,and analyzed the effect of the rural settlement landscape pattern which was influenced by different grinds of administrative center. The results showed that the small patch was in a large proportion of rural settlement,the number of the area less than 1hm2 reached 80% of the total patch,and showed a distribution characteristic of " large dispersion,small Aggregation". The rural settlement landscape indices all had strong scale effect. The increase of granularity increased the average area of patches,the landscape area,and the largest patch indices,and decreased the numbers of patches,the patches density,the patch shape index,the landscape aggregation index,the patch cohesion index and landscape division index. In all of these landscape indices,the most sensitive indices to the granularity were the number and density of patches,the middle sensitive indices were the average area of patches,the aggregation index,and the division index,and the low sensitive index were the cohesion index,the largest patch index,and the patch shape index. It concluded that the increase of granularity would lead to the shape of patches be more inerratic,increase the degree of the dominance of the largest parch,decrease the degree of fragmentation of the patches,and disperse the patches distribution. This study can provide an evidence for rural settlement planning and ecological evaluation.
引文
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[14]冀亚哲,张小林,吴江国,等.聚落景观格局的空间粒度转换响应及其机理分析——以江苏省镇江地区为例.长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(3):276~281
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[17]刘栩如,张琳,杨磊,等.黄土丘陵区生态退耕中的景观格局演变及其地形驱动.水土保持研究,2016,23(1):103~110
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[19]刘峻岭,李申,孟伟庆.基于景观格局与生态过程的土地整理生态效应评价——以天津市七里海镇为例.中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(1):95~101
[20]耿焕侠,张小林,李红波,等.县域农村居民点景观格局指数的空间粒度效应——以江苏省丰县为例.长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(10):1418~1424
[21]龚建周,夏北成,李楠,等.快速城市化地区土地覆盖景观特征的粒度效应.生态学报,2006,26(7):2198~2206
[22]冀亚哲,张小林,吴江国,等.多空间粒度下镇江市土地利用景观格局差异.中国土地科学,2013,27(5):54~62
[23]谭雪兰,周国华,朱苏晖,等.长沙市农村居民点景观格局变化及地域分异特征研究.地理科学,2015,35(2):204~210
[2]周伟,钟星,袁春.1:10 000比例尺土地利用景观指数的粒度效应分析.中国土地科学,2010,24(11):20~26
[3]Wu J G.Key concepts and research topics in landscape ecology revisited:30 years after the Allerton Park workshop.Landscape Ecology,2013,28(1):1~11
[4]张霞,魏朝富,倪九派,等.重庆市低山丘陵区农村居民点分布格局及其影响因素.中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(3):45~51
[5]肖笃宁,李秀珍,高峻,等.景观生态学.北京:科学出版社,2003
[6]Buyantuyev A,Wu J G,Gries C.Multiscale analysis of the urbanization pattern of the Phoenix metropolitan landscape of USA:Time,space and thematic resolution.Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,94(3/4):206~217
[7]Jenerette G D,Wu J.On the Definitions of Scale.Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America,2000,81:104~105
[8]Schneider D C.The Rise of the Concept of Scale in Ecology.Bio science,2001,51:545~553
[9]王新闯,刘文锴,杨会军,等.河南省植被覆盖度及其景观格局时空变化.水土保持通报,2015,35(6):241~248
[10]Alhamad M N,Alrababah M A,Feagin R A,et al.Mediterranean drylands:the effect of grain size and domain of scale on landscape metrics.Ecological Indicators,2011,11(2):611~621
[11]刘明亮,唐先明,刘纪远,等.基于1km格网的空间数据尺度效应研究.遥感学报,2001,5(3):183~190
[12]乔伟峰,吴江国,王亚华.多尺度粒度变化对区域土地利用景观格局的影响——以镇江市为例.南京师范大学(自然科学版),2015,38(3):119~125
[13]张乐,王观湧,霍习良,等.基于适宜粒度的曹妃甸新区土地利用景观格局分析.土壤,2014,46(6):1149~1156
[14]冀亚哲,张小林,吴江国,等.聚落景观格局的空间粒度转换响应及其机理分析——以江苏省镇江地区为例.长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(3):276~281
[15]Simova P,Gdulova K.Landscape indices behavior:A review of scale effects.Applied Geography,2012,34(5):385~394
[16]吴未,许丽萍,张敏,等.不同斑块类型的景观指数粒度效应响应研究——以无锡市为例.生态学报,2016,36(9):1~10
[17]刘栩如,张琳,杨磊,等.黄土丘陵区生态退耕中的景观格局演变及其地形驱动.水土保持研究,2016,23(1):103~110
[18]郑新奇,付梅臣.景观格局空间分析技术及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2010,134
[19]刘峻岭,李申,孟伟庆.基于景观格局与生态过程的土地整理生态效应评价——以天津市七里海镇为例.中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(1):95~101
[20]耿焕侠,张小林,李红波,等.县域农村居民点景观格局指数的空间粒度效应——以江苏省丰县为例.长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(10):1418~1424
[21]龚建周,夏北成,李楠,等.快速城市化地区土地覆盖景观特征的粒度效应.生态学报,2006,26(7):2198~2206
[22]冀亚哲,张小林,吴江国,等.多空间粒度下镇江市土地利用景观格局差异.中国土地科学,2013,27(5):54~62
[23]谭雪兰,周国华,朱苏晖,等.长沙市农村居民点景观格局变化及地域分异特征研究.地理科学,2015,35(2):204~210