中缅泰老“黄金四角”地区缅甸段土地利用与景观格局变化分析
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摘要
以中缅泰老"黄金四角"地区缅甸段为例,通过构建土地利用重心测度、动态变化及景观指数等模型,对其1993年~2017年的土地利用与景观格局变化状况进行探究,得出以下结论:(1)随时间演进,研究区林地显著扩展而草地、耕地、灌丛及水体等均大幅减少,建筑用地虽扩展显著但比重始终较小;各土地利用类型的空间分布重心及其转移变化差异显著,24年间,建筑用地、耕地、草地、水体及湿地重心均整体向东北方向偏移而林地与灌丛重心偏向西南。(2)研究区土地利用变化速度整体较快但小幅放缓,土地利用空间变化剧烈的区域主要集中在林地、草地及耕地等用地类型上;随时间演进,各用地类型均发生了较明显的相互转化,其中以林地、草地、耕地及灌丛的间转化最为显著。(3)从斑块类型尺度来看,研究区不同用地斑块间的景观指数及其变动差异悬殊,整体而言,灌丛、草地及耕地的斑块密度明显较高但形状规整程度显著较低,而林地的平均斑块面积远大于其余地类。(4)从景观总体尺度来看,研究区景观的多样性与均匀度指数均持续降低而破碎度指数整体减小,各用地景观面积差异持续扩大且空间分布的均匀程度不断降低,整体呈由分散分布向集中布局的转变。
Take Myanmar section of the Golden Quadrangle region in the border of China, Myanmar, Thailand and Laos as an example, through building land use gravity center measurement, dynamic change and landscape index and other models, the paper explored the change of land use and landscape pattern from 1993 to 2017. The results show that:(1)With time going on, the forest in the study area significantly expanded while the grass, cultivated land, bush and water all decreased significantly, meanwhile, although the construction land was significantly expanded, its proportion remained small; There are significant differences in the spatial distribution center of gravity and shifts of all land use types, in the past 24 years, the center of gravity of construction land, cultivated land, grass, water and wetland has shifted toward the northeast as a whole while the forest and bush has shifted toward the southwest.(2)The speed of land use change in the study area was fast overall but slightly slowed down, the areas with drastic change of land use were mainly concentrated on land types such as forest, grass and cultivated land; As time goes on,there was a clear mutual conversion of all types of land use, among which the conversion between forest, grass, cultivated land and bush was the most significant.(3)From the scale of patch type, there were significant difference of landscape index and its change between different land use patches in the study area, on the whole, the patch density of the bush, grass and cultivated land was significantly higher but the shape regularity was significantly lower,while the average patch area of the forest was much larger than the rest of landusetypes.(4)From the scale of the landscape,the diversit and evenness index of the landscape in the study area continued to decrease while the fragmentation index decreased overall, the difference of the landscape area of all land use types continued to expand and the uniformity of spatial distribution continued to decrease, overall, there presented a transformation from dispersed distribution to centralized layout.
Take Myanmar section of the Golden Quadrangle region in the border of China, Myanmar, Thailand and Laos as an example, through building land use gravity center measurement, dynamic change and landscape index and other models, the paper explored the change of land use and landscape pattern from 1993 to 2017. The results show that:(1)With time going on, the forest in the study area significantly expanded while the grass, cultivated land, bush and water all decreased significantly, meanwhile, although the construction land was significantly expanded, its proportion remained small; There are significant differences in the spatial distribution center of gravity and shifts of all land use types, in the past 24 years, the center of gravity of construction land, cultivated land, grass, water and wetland has shifted toward the northeast as a whole while the forest and bush has shifted toward the southwest.(2)The speed of land use change in the study area was fast overall but slightly slowed down, the areas with drastic change of land use were mainly concentrated on land types such as forest, grass and cultivated land; As time goes on,there was a clear mutual conversion of all types of land use, among which the conversion between forest, grass, cultivated land and bush was the most significant.(3)From the scale of patch type, there were significant difference of landscape index and its change between different land use patches in the study area, on the whole, the patch density of the bush, grass and cultivated land was significantly higher but the shape regularity was significantly lower,while the average patch area of the forest was much larger than the rest of landusetypes.(4)From the scale of the landscape,the diversit and evenness index of the landscape in the study area continued to decrease while the fragmentation index decreased overall, the difference of the landscape area of all land use types continued to expand and the uniformity of spatial distribution continued to decrease, overall, there presented a transformation from dispersed distribution to centralized layout.
引文
[1]罗开盛,李仁东.长沙市近10年土地利用变化过程与未来趋势分析[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(5):632-639.
[2]潘如玉,申丽娟,谢德体,等.重庆旧城改造区土地覆被与景观格局变化—以北碚区为例[J].经济地理,2015,35(1):155-161.
[3]王思远,张增祥,周全斌,等.中国土地利用格局及其影响因子分析[J].生态学报,2003,23(4):649-656.
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[10]Mander,Rob H G.Jongmsn.Huma impact on rural landscapes in central and northern Europe[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1998,41(5):149-153.
[11]崔闪闪,刘庆,王静.滨海开发带景观格局指数的尺度效应及对土地利用变化的响应—以江苏省大丰市为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(6):87-93.
[12]刘媛媛,刘学录.甘肃永登县土地利用景观格局的空间尺度效应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1221-1228.
[13]胡珊珊,陈增,陈文惠.闽三角地区土地覆盖变化遥感监测及景观格局变化研究[J].福建师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,34(1):27-37.
[14]朱长明,李均力,常存,等.新疆干旱区湿地景观格局遥感动态监测与时空变异[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(15):229-238.
[15]左丽君,徐进勇,张增祥,等.渤海海岸带地区土地利用时空演变及景观格局响应[J].遥感学报,2011,15(3):604-620.
[16]SUN P L,XU Y Q,YU Z L,et al.Scenario simulation and landscape pattern dynamic changes of land use in the Poverty Belt around Beijing and Tianjin:A case study of Zhangjiakou city,Hebei Province[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2016,26(3):272-296.
[17]佟光臣,林杰,陈杭,等.1986年~2013年南京市土地利用/覆被景观格局时空变化及驱动力因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):240-245.
[18]潘竟虎,苏有才,黄永生,等.近30年玉门市土地利用与景观格局变化及其驱动力[J].地理研究,2012,31(9):1631-1639.
[19]王祺,蒙吉军,毛熙彦.基于邻域相关的漓江流域土地利用多情景模拟与景观格局变化[J].地理研究,2014,33(6):1073-1084.
[20]刘世梁,安南南,尹艺洁,等.广西滨海区域景观格局分析及土地利用变化预测[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):5915-5923.
[21]廖谌婳,封志明,李鹏,等.中老缅泰交界地区土地利用变化信息挖掘与国别对比[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(11):1785-1797.
[22]刘晓娜,封志明,姜鲁光.中老缅泰“黄金四角”地区土地利用与土地覆被变化研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(2):191-202.
[23]Hett C,Castella J C,Heinimann A,et al.A landscape mosaics approach for characterizing swidden systems from a REDD plus perspective[J].Applied Geography,2012,32(2):608-618.
[24]Hurni K,Hett C,Heinimann A,et al.Dynamics of shifting cultivation landscapes in northern Lao PDR between 2000 and 2009 based on an analysis of MODIS time series and Landsat images[J].Human Ecology,2013,41(1):21-36.
[25]Senf C,Pflugmacher D,van Der Linden S,et al.Mapping rubber plantations and natural forests in Xishuangbanna(Southwest China)using multi-spectral phenological metrics from MODIS time series[J].Remote Sensing,2013,5(6):2795-2812.
[26]LIAO C H,FENG Z M,LI P,et al.Monitoring the spatio-temporal dynamics of swidden agriculture and fallow vegetation recovery using Landsat imagery in northern Laos[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(10):1218-1234.
[27]李鹏,封志明.地缘经济背景下的老挝橡胶林地扩张监测及其影响研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(3):286-294.
[28]刘影,肖池伟,李鹏,等.1978年~2013年中国粮食主产区“粮-经”关系分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(10):1891-1901.
[29]张磊,武友德,李君.泛珠江三角洲经济圈人口与经济的空间分布关系研究[J].西北人口,2015,36(5):43-48.
[30]李灿,吴顺辉,孙传谆,等.经济开发区土地利用格局演变的微尺度分析—以广东清远开发区为例[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,41(8):87-94.
[31]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京市土地利用变化特征及驱动机制[J].经济地理,2015,35(5):148-154.
[32]朱会义,李秀彬.关于区域土地利用变化指数模型方法的讨论[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):643-650.
[33]张映雪,莫文波,王勇,等.北京市高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(1):28-38.
[34]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[35]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(1):81-87.
[36]袁赛赛,乔志和,张国发,等.三个时期大庆油田区湿地格局及其变化[J].湿地科学,2017,15(6):818-823.
[2]潘如玉,申丽娟,谢德体,等.重庆旧城改造区土地覆被与景观格局变化—以北碚区为例[J].经济地理,2015,35(1):155-161.
[3]王思远,张增祥,周全斌,等.中国土地利用格局及其影响因子分析[J].生态学报,2003,23(4):649-656.
[4]谭洁,赵赛男,谭雪兰,等.1996年~2016年洞庭湖区土地利用及景观格局演变特征[J].生态科学,2017,36(6):89-97.
[5]蔡为民,唐华俊,吕钢,等.景观格局分析法与土地利用转换矩阵在土地利用特征研究中的应用[J].中国土地科学,2006,20(1):39-44.
[6]Munroe D K,Müller D.Issues in spatially explicit statistical land-use/cover change(LUCC)models from western Honduras and the Central Highlands of Vietnam[J].Land Use Policy,2007,24(3):521-530.
[7]Edwarda A E,Luciana P B.Is community-based forest management more effective than protected areas?A comparison of land use/land cover change in two neighboring study areas of the Central Yucatan Peninsula,Mexico[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,256(11):1971-1983.
[8]Mitouard E L,Bellido A,Guiller A,et al.Spatial structure of shell polychromatism in Cepaea hortensis in relation to a gradient of landscape fragmentation in Western France[J].Landscape Ecology,2010,25:123-124.
[9]Fujihara M,Kikuchi T.Changes in the landscape structure of the Nagara River Basin,central Japan[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2005,7(4):271-281.
[10]Mander,Rob H G.Jongmsn.Huma impact on rural landscapes in central and northern Europe[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1998,41(5):149-153.
[11]崔闪闪,刘庆,王静.滨海开发带景观格局指数的尺度效应及对土地利用变化的响应—以江苏省大丰市为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(6):87-93.
[12]刘媛媛,刘学录.甘肃永登县土地利用景观格局的空间尺度效应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1221-1228.
[13]胡珊珊,陈增,陈文惠.闽三角地区土地覆盖变化遥感监测及景观格局变化研究[J].福建师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,34(1):27-37.
[14]朱长明,李均力,常存,等.新疆干旱区湿地景观格局遥感动态监测与时空变异[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(15):229-238.
[15]左丽君,徐进勇,张增祥,等.渤海海岸带地区土地利用时空演变及景观格局响应[J].遥感学报,2011,15(3):604-620.
[16]SUN P L,XU Y Q,YU Z L,et al.Scenario simulation and landscape pattern dynamic changes of land use in the Poverty Belt around Beijing and Tianjin:A case study of Zhangjiakou city,Hebei Province[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2016,26(3):272-296.
[17]佟光臣,林杰,陈杭,等.1986年~2013年南京市土地利用/覆被景观格局时空变化及驱动力因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):240-245.
[18]潘竟虎,苏有才,黄永生,等.近30年玉门市土地利用与景观格局变化及其驱动力[J].地理研究,2012,31(9):1631-1639.
[19]王祺,蒙吉军,毛熙彦.基于邻域相关的漓江流域土地利用多情景模拟与景观格局变化[J].地理研究,2014,33(6):1073-1084.
[20]刘世梁,安南南,尹艺洁,等.广西滨海区域景观格局分析及土地利用变化预测[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):5915-5923.
[21]廖谌婳,封志明,李鹏,等.中老缅泰交界地区土地利用变化信息挖掘与国别对比[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(11):1785-1797.
[22]刘晓娜,封志明,姜鲁光.中老缅泰“黄金四角”地区土地利用与土地覆被变化研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(2):191-202.
[23]Hett C,Castella J C,Heinimann A,et al.A landscape mosaics approach for characterizing swidden systems from a REDD plus perspective[J].Applied Geography,2012,32(2):608-618.
[24]Hurni K,Hett C,Heinimann A,et al.Dynamics of shifting cultivation landscapes in northern Lao PDR between 2000 and 2009 based on an analysis of MODIS time series and Landsat images[J].Human Ecology,2013,41(1):21-36.
[25]Senf C,Pflugmacher D,van Der Linden S,et al.Mapping rubber plantations and natural forests in Xishuangbanna(Southwest China)using multi-spectral phenological metrics from MODIS time series[J].Remote Sensing,2013,5(6):2795-2812.
[26]LIAO C H,FENG Z M,LI P,et al.Monitoring the spatio-temporal dynamics of swidden agriculture and fallow vegetation recovery using Landsat imagery in northern Laos[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(10):1218-1234.
[27]李鹏,封志明.地缘经济背景下的老挝橡胶林地扩张监测及其影响研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(3):286-294.
[28]刘影,肖池伟,李鹏,等.1978年~2013年中国粮食主产区“粮-经”关系分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(10):1891-1901.
[29]张磊,武友德,李君.泛珠江三角洲经济圈人口与经济的空间分布关系研究[J].西北人口,2015,36(5):43-48.
[30]李灿,吴顺辉,孙传谆,等.经济开发区土地利用格局演变的微尺度分析—以广东清远开发区为例[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,41(8):87-94.
[31]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京市土地利用变化特征及驱动机制[J].经济地理,2015,35(5):148-154.
[32]朱会义,李秀彬.关于区域土地利用变化指数模型方法的讨论[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):643-650.
[33]张映雪,莫文波,王勇,等.北京市高速公路周边土地利用变化对景观格局的影响[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(1):28-38.
[34]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[35]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(1):81-87.
[36]袁赛赛,乔志和,张国发,等.三个时期大庆油田区湿地格局及其变化[J].湿地科学,2017,15(6):818-823.