典型喀斯特地区石漠化景观格局对土地利用变化的响应
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摘要
土地利用是人类活动最基本的表现形式,探讨石漠化与土地利用变化之间的响应关系,对于石漠化治理和区域的可持续发展是非常重要的。基于贵州道真县2005年、2015年LANDSAT和石漠化数据,再利用ENVI 5.3进行监督分类,将道真县土地利用分为8种类型。通过景观格局空间分析技术和3S技术,对道真县土地利用时空演变和石漠化景观格局进行综合分析,结果表明:(1) 2005—2015年间,道真县建设用地和灌木林地面积增加,大部分灌木林地由水田和旱地转化而来,其面积增加了7.51%,建设用地增加了1.30%。(2)近10年间,研究区石漠化等级间的转移表现为轻、中、重度转化为潜在石漠化,其斑块转移面积分别为11.26、38.79、2.71 km2,表明研究区石漠化景观得到了恢复,低等级石漠化斑块面积增加,降低了原有高等级石漠化斑块的优势度。(3) 2005—2015年间道真县土地利用和石漠化景观格局,多样性指数分别下降了0.6434和2.4309,均匀度指数各减少了0.0552和0.5436,分维度指数各提高了0.0061和0.0801,蔓延度指数各增加0.1751、25.5396和聚合度指数分别增加1.8688和2.9112,景观形状指数分别减少0.9812和4.536,石漠化景观格局的变化对应土地利用景观格局指数的变化,随着人们土地利用方式的改变,石漠化也发生相应的改变。通过该研究的进行,有助于提高人们对石漠化和土地利用景观格局的认识,基于景观生态学背景对石漠化治理成效进行评估,为之后的石漠化治理工作的进行及研究提供了参考。
Land-use is the most basic manifestation of human activities. It is essential to explore the response relationship between Karst Rocky Desertification( KRD) and land-use change for the control of KRD and regional sustainable development. Based on LANDSAT and KRD data from 2005 and 2015 in Daozhen County of Guizhou Province,the land-use in Daozhen County was classified into 8 types by ENVI5.3. The spatial and temporal evolution of land use and landscape pattern of KRD in Daozhen County were analyzed using landscape pattern spatial analysis and 3S technology. The results showed that:( 1) During 2005—2015,the area of construction land and shrubbery land increased; most shrubbery land was transformed from paddy fields and dry land,and the area increased by 7.51%. Construction land increased by 1.30%.( 2) Over the 10 study years,the metastasis between the rocky desertification grades in the study area exhibited light,medium,and severe conversion into potential rocky desertification. The plaque transfer areas were 11.26 km2,38.79 km2,and 2.71 km2,respectively,indicating a rocky desertification landscape in the study area. The land has been restored,and the area of low-grade rocky desertification plaques has increased,which reduced the superiority of the original high-grade rocky desertification patches;( 3) Landscape patterns of land-use and KRD in Daozhen County decreased by 0.6434 and2.4309 in 2005 and 2015. The evenness index decreased by 0.0552 and 0.5436,the fractal dimension index increased by0.0061 and 0.0801,the contagion index increased by 0.1751,25.5396,and the aggregation index increased by 1.8688 and2.9112,respectively,and the landscape shape index decreased by 0. 9812 and 4. 536,respectively. The change in the landscape pattern index of land use corresponded to the change in the landscape pattern of KRD. With change of land-use patterns,the contagion index increased by 0. 1751,25. 5396,and 2. 9112,respectively. The KRD changed accordingly.This study will help to improve people' s understanding of KRD and land-use landscape patterns. Based on the landscape ecology background,the effect of KRD control was evaluated,which will provide a reference for future research regarding KRD control.
Land-use is the most basic manifestation of human activities. It is essential to explore the response relationship between Karst Rocky Desertification( KRD) and land-use change for the control of KRD and regional sustainable development. Based on LANDSAT and KRD data from 2005 and 2015 in Daozhen County of Guizhou Province,the land-use in Daozhen County was classified into 8 types by ENVI5.3. The spatial and temporal evolution of land use and landscape pattern of KRD in Daozhen County were analyzed using landscape pattern spatial analysis and 3S technology. The results showed that:( 1) During 2005—2015,the area of construction land and shrubbery land increased; most shrubbery land was transformed from paddy fields and dry land,and the area increased by 7.51%. Construction land increased by 1.30%.( 2) Over the 10 study years,the metastasis between the rocky desertification grades in the study area exhibited light,medium,and severe conversion into potential rocky desertification. The plaque transfer areas were 11.26 km2,38.79 km2,and 2.71 km2,respectively,indicating a rocky desertification landscape in the study area. The land has been restored,and the area of low-grade rocky desertification plaques has increased,which reduced the superiority of the original high-grade rocky desertification patches;( 3) Landscape patterns of land-use and KRD in Daozhen County decreased by 0.6434 and2.4309 in 2005 and 2015. The evenness index decreased by 0.0552 and 0.5436,the fractal dimension index increased by0.0061 and 0.0801,the contagion index increased by 0.1751,25.5396,and the aggregation index increased by 1.8688 and2.9112,respectively,and the landscape shape index decreased by 0. 9812 and 4. 536,respectively. The change in the landscape pattern index of land use corresponded to the change in the landscape pattern of KRD. With change of land-use patterns,the contagion index increased by 0. 1751,25. 5396,and 2. 9112,respectively. The KRD changed accordingly.This study will help to improve people' s understanding of KRD and land-use landscape patterns. Based on the landscape ecology background,the effect of KRD control was evaluated,which will provide a reference for future research regarding KRD control.
引文
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[3]中国科学院学部.关于推进西南岩溶地区石漠化综合治理的若干建议.地球科学进展,2003,18(4):489-492.
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[5]白晓永,熊康宁,苏孝良,兰安军.喀斯特石漠化景观及其土地生态效应——以贵州贞丰县为例.中国岩溶,2005,24(4):276-281.
[6]邵景安,李阳兵,王世杰,魏朝富,谢德体.岩溶山区不同岩性和地貌类型下景观斑块分布与多样性分析.自然资源学报,2007,22(3):478-485.
[7]严宁珍,李阳兵.石漠化景观格局分布特征及其影响因素分析——以贵州省盘县为例.中国岩溶,2008,27(3):255-260.
[8]王媛媛,周忠发,魏小岛.石漠化景观格局对土地利用时空演变的响应.山地学报,2013,31(3):307-313.
[9]刘吉平,赵丹丹,田学智,赵亮,刘家福. 1954-2010年三江平原土地利用景观格局动态变化及驱动力.生态学报,2014,34(12):3234-3244.
[10]胡宝清,李玲,蒋树芳.基于景观空间方法的广西喀斯特石漠化空间格局分析.地球与环境,2005,(S1):581-587.
[11]李阳兵,白晓永,周国富,兰安军,龙健,安裕伦,梅再美.中国典型石漠化地区土地利用与石漠化的关系.地理学报,2006,61(6):624-632.
[12]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:100-118.
[13]杨桂林,杨柳,陈笑媛.贵州贫困县耕地集约利用评价——以道真县为例.天津农业科学,2017,23(3):59-64,68-68.
[14]袁德福,何文夕.道真县金银花生长气候条件及区划分析.现代农业科技,2010,(24):306-306.
[15]蒋忠诚,罗为群,童立强,程洋,杨奇勇,吴泽燕,梁建宏. 21世纪西南岩溶石漠化演变特点及影响因素.中国岩溶,2016,35(5):461-468.
[16]吴协保.继续推进岩溶地区石漠化综合治理二期工程的现实意义.中国岩溶,2016,35(5):469-475.
[17]白建华,但新球,吴协保,吴照柏.继续推进石漠化综合治理工程的必要性和可行性分析.中南林业调查规划,2015,34(2):62-66.
[18]崔闪闪,刘庆,王静.滨海开发带景观格局指数的尺度效应及对土地利用变化的响应——以江苏省大丰市为例.地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(6):87-93.
[19]罗强.欠发达地区石漠化治理引领扶贫开发研究——以贵州安顺为例.农村科技,2018,(3):64-67.
[20]李阳兵,王世杰,熊康宁.花江峡谷石漠化土地生态重建及其启示.中国人口獉资源与环境,2005,15(1):138-142.
[2]王世杰.喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨.中国岩溶,2002,21(2):31-35.
[3]中国科学院学部.关于推进西南岩溶地区石漠化综合治理的若干建议.地球科学进展,2003,18(4):489-492.
[4]卢远,华璀,周兴.基于RS和GIS的喀斯特山区景观生态格局.山地学报,2002,26(6):727-731.
[5]白晓永,熊康宁,苏孝良,兰安军.喀斯特石漠化景观及其土地生态效应——以贵州贞丰县为例.中国岩溶,2005,24(4):276-281.
[6]邵景安,李阳兵,王世杰,魏朝富,谢德体.岩溶山区不同岩性和地貌类型下景观斑块分布与多样性分析.自然资源学报,2007,22(3):478-485.
[7]严宁珍,李阳兵.石漠化景观格局分布特征及其影响因素分析——以贵州省盘县为例.中国岩溶,2008,27(3):255-260.
[8]王媛媛,周忠发,魏小岛.石漠化景观格局对土地利用时空演变的响应.山地学报,2013,31(3):307-313.
[9]刘吉平,赵丹丹,田学智,赵亮,刘家福. 1954-2010年三江平原土地利用景观格局动态变化及驱动力.生态学报,2014,34(12):3234-3244.
[10]胡宝清,李玲,蒋树芳.基于景观空间方法的广西喀斯特石漠化空间格局分析.地球与环境,2005,(S1):581-587.
[11]李阳兵,白晓永,周国富,兰安军,龙健,安裕伦,梅再美.中国典型石漠化地区土地利用与石漠化的关系.地理学报,2006,61(6):624-632.
[12]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:100-118.
[13]杨桂林,杨柳,陈笑媛.贵州贫困县耕地集约利用评价——以道真县为例.天津农业科学,2017,23(3):59-64,68-68.
[14]袁德福,何文夕.道真县金银花生长气候条件及区划分析.现代农业科技,2010,(24):306-306.
[15]蒋忠诚,罗为群,童立强,程洋,杨奇勇,吴泽燕,梁建宏. 21世纪西南岩溶石漠化演变特点及影响因素.中国岩溶,2016,35(5):461-468.
[16]吴协保.继续推进岩溶地区石漠化综合治理二期工程的现实意义.中国岩溶,2016,35(5):469-475.
[17]白建华,但新球,吴协保,吴照柏.继续推进石漠化综合治理工程的必要性和可行性分析.中南林业调查规划,2015,34(2):62-66.
[18]崔闪闪,刘庆,王静.滨海开发带景观格局指数的尺度效应及对土地利用变化的响应——以江苏省大丰市为例.地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(6):87-93.
[19]罗强.欠发达地区石漠化治理引领扶贫开发研究——以贵州安顺为例.农村科技,2018,(3):64-67.
[20]李阳兵,王世杰,熊康宁.花江峡谷石漠化土地生态重建及其启示.中国人口獉资源与环境,2005,15(1):138-142.