2017年天津市滨海新区噪声危害现状
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摘要
目的了解天津市滨海新区噪声企业的危害现状及对工人健康的影响,预防和减少噪声对人体的危害。方法通过多途径收集、整理噪声企业信息、接触噪声工人职业健康检查资料和职业性噪声聋病例资料,按照统一要求录入并进行分析。结果 2017年天津市滨海新区存在噪声因素的企业600家,以私有经济、外商经济和中、小型企业为主,噪声检测超标率达26.2%。接触噪声工人职业健康检查36 937人,血压异常率8.2%、心电图异常率12.4%、电测听双耳高频听阈异常率为7.5%。随着年龄和工龄的增加电测听异常发生率升高。天津市滨海新区职业性噪声聋病例18例,平均工龄21年,主要集中在水资源专用机械制造、原油加工及石油制品制造、汽车零部件及配件制造行业。结论天津市滨海新区企业噪声危害较为严重,企业应加强监管和日常培训,定期开展职业健康检查,切实保护接触噪声工人的健康。
[Objective] To understand the hazard status of noise enterprises in Binhai New Area and its impact on workers' health, so as to prevent and reduce the harm of noise to human body. [Methods] The noise enterprise information, occupational examination data of noise workers and occupational noise deafness case data were collected and sortted out through multiple channels, and they were input into a database for analysis according to unified requirements.[Results]In 2017, there were 600 enterprises with noise factors in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City, mainly in private economy, foreign economy and medium and small enterprises, with noise detection exceeding 26.2%. Occupational health examination of 36 937 workers exposed to noise showed that the abnormal rate of blood pressure was 8.2%, the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram was 12.4%, and the abnormal rate of high frequency hearing threshold in both ears was 7.5%. With the increase of age and working age, the incidence of abnormal audiometry increased. There were 18 cases of occupational noise deafness in Binhai New Area, with an average working age of 21 years, mainly concentrated in the manufacturing of machinery for water resources, crude oil processing and petroleum products, automobile parts and accessories manufacturing industries.[Conclusion]The noise harm of Tianjin Binhai New Area enterprises is relatively serious, enterprises should strengthen supervision and daily training, regularly carry out occupational health inspection, effectively protect the health of workers exposed to noise.
[Objective] To understand the hazard status of noise enterprises in Binhai New Area and its impact on workers' health, so as to prevent and reduce the harm of noise to human body. [Methods] The noise enterprise information, occupational examination data of noise workers and occupational noise deafness case data were collected and sortted out through multiple channels, and they were input into a database for analysis according to unified requirements.[Results]In 2017, there were 600 enterprises with noise factors in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City, mainly in private economy, foreign economy and medium and small enterprises, with noise detection exceeding 26.2%. Occupational health examination of 36 937 workers exposed to noise showed that the abnormal rate of blood pressure was 8.2%, the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram was 12.4%, and the abnormal rate of high frequency hearing threshold in both ears was 7.5%. With the increase of age and working age, the incidence of abnormal audiometry increased. There were 18 cases of occupational noise deafness in Binhai New Area, with an average working age of 21 years, mainly concentrated in the manufacturing of machinery for water resources, crude oil processing and petroleum products, automobile parts and accessories manufacturing industries.[Conclusion]The noise harm of Tianjin Binhai New Area enterprises is relatively serious, enterprises should strengthen supervision and daily training, regularly carry out occupational health inspection, effectively protect the health of workers exposed to noise.
引文
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[14]刘静,李梅莉,孙金艳,等.天津市某工业区企业噪声危害现状与控制对策[J].中国工业医学杂志,2014,27(2):87-96.
[15]刘静,曾强,李梅莉,等.天津市重点职业病监测情况分析与控制对策[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(6):20-23.
[2]国家统计局.关于印发统计上大中小微型企业划分办法的通知[Z/OL].(2011-09-02)[2017-03-22]. http://www.docin.com/p-893586846.html.
[3]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.国民经济行业分类:GB/T 4754-2011[S].北京:中国统计出版社,2011:1-222.
[4]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,人力资源社会保障部,国家安全监管总局,等.职业病危害因素分类目录[EB/OL].(2002-03-11)[2015-11-17].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/jkj/s5898b/201511/4b286806231a42058d0111aa64053aac.shtml.
[5]国家安全监管总局.建设项目职业病危害风险分类管理目录[Z/OL].(2012-05-30)[2017-03-22]. http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_5916/012/0604/171653/content_171653.htm.
[6]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业健康监护技术规范:GBZ 188-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:70-71.
[7]徐津西,李广芹,刘静,等.2016年天津市武清区重点职业病监测结果[J].职业与健康,2017,33(23):3188-3191.
[8]石磊,张星.噪声对人体健康影响研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(2):225-228.
[9]谢文倩,曹承建,邵玉仙,等.杭州市噪声作业工人听力损失的现状及影响因素[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(5):475-479.
[10]刘静,曾强,李梅莉,等.天津市职业性噪声暴露人群健康状况及其影响因素研究[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(4):32-35.
[11]陈晓培,牛心华.某钨钼厂噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果[J].职业与健康,2013,29(8):903-905.
[12]岑永庄,邓燕君,刘新霞.噪声作业所致工人职业性听力损失风险回顾性队列研究[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(5):642-645.
[13]欧军荣,吕林,等.成本效果分析实际应用于建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2006,24(4):214-215.
[14]刘静,李梅莉,孙金艳,等.天津市某工业区企业噪声危害现状与控制对策[J].中国工业医学杂志,2014,27(2):87-96.
[15]刘静,曾强,李梅莉,等.天津市重点职业病监测情况分析与控制对策[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(6):20-23.