黄河中上游植被覆盖与人类活动强度的时空动态演化
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摘要
基于MODIS-NDVI数据,采用趋势分析法、残差分析法,结合土地利用类型遥感数据及县域社会经济数据,计算人类活动强度,并在此基础上分析2000—2015年黄河中上游植被覆盖空间分布状况、时间变化趋势与人类活动强度的关系.结果表明:(1)黄河中上游地区的植被覆盖整体呈现出由东南向西北逐步减少的趋势,且存在与400 mm等降水量线基本一致的分界线.(2)退耕还林前后植被退化区占研究区域的3.65%,主要分布在经济发展程度较高的市辖区;植被改善区域占研究区域的31.12%,主要分布在陕西北部、甘肃东南部及宁夏南部;植被覆盖状况基本不变的区域占65.22%.总体来说,植被覆盖情况有所改善,但生态恢复与生态恶化并存.(3)植被覆盖状况与人类活动强度具有较高的相关性.(4)植被覆盖与人类活动强度呈现出较为同步的动态演化趋势.
In order to explore the effect of human activity on vegetation coverage,based on MODIS-normal difference vegetation index( NDVI) data,human activity intensity of land surface( HAILS) was calculated using linear regression trend analysis and residual analysis,and combined with remote sensing data of land use type and county socio-economic data. Then relationships between spatial distribution of vegetation coverage,tendency of time variation with HAILS in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2015. The results showed that vegetation coverage decreased gradually from the southeast to the northwest,which was in consistent with the isohyet 400 mm. During the period of returning farmland to forest,vegetation degradation area in the study area accounted for 3.65%,which was mainly distributed in municipal districts with higher degree of economic development.The area with improved vegetation was 31.12%,which mainly located in the north of Shaanxi,the southeast of Gansu and the south of Ningxia. Area with unchanged vegetation was 65.22%. In general,the vegetation coverage was improved,but simultaneously ecological deterioration occurred during ecological restoration. The vegetation coverage presented a high degree of fitness with the level of HAILS. Lastly,variation in the vegetation coverage seemed to be synchronous with human activity intensity.
In order to explore the effect of human activity on vegetation coverage,based on MODIS-normal difference vegetation index( NDVI) data,human activity intensity of land surface( HAILS) was calculated using linear regression trend analysis and residual analysis,and combined with remote sensing data of land use type and county socio-economic data. Then relationships between spatial distribution of vegetation coverage,tendency of time variation with HAILS in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2015. The results showed that vegetation coverage decreased gradually from the southeast to the northwest,which was in consistent with the isohyet 400 mm. During the period of returning farmland to forest,vegetation degradation area in the study area accounted for 3.65%,which was mainly distributed in municipal districts with higher degree of economic development.The area with improved vegetation was 31.12%,which mainly located in the north of Shaanxi,the southeast of Gansu and the south of Ningxia. Area with unchanged vegetation was 65.22%. In general,the vegetation coverage was improved,but simultaneously ecological deterioration occurred during ecological restoration. The vegetation coverage presented a high degree of fitness with the level of HAILS. Lastly,variation in the vegetation coverage seemed to be synchronous with human activity intensity.
引文
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[20]李香云,王立新,章予舒,等.西北干旱区土地荒漠化中人类活动作用及其指标选择[J].地理科学,2004,24(1):68-75.
[21]徐小任,徐勇.黄土高原地区人类活动强度时空变化分析[J].地理研究,2017,36(4):661-672.
[22]徐志刚,庄大方,杨琳,等.区域人类活动强度定量模型的建立与应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(4):452-460.
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[2]董斌,冯仲科,钱国英.基于遥感的山东黄河流域土地利用动态及有林地转移[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2010,39(6):646-650.
[3]WEISS J L,GUTZLER D S,JEA C,et al. Long-term vegetation monitoring with NDVI in a diverse semi-arid setting,central New Mexico,USA.[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2004,58(2):249-272.
[4]易浪,任志远,张翀,等.黄土高原植被覆盖变化与气候和人类活动的关系[J].资源科学,2014,36(1):166-174.
[5]张翀,任志远.黄土高原地区植被覆盖变化的时空差异及未来趋势[J].资源科学,2011,33(11):2 143-2 149.
[6]赵安周,刘宪锋,朱秀芳,等.2000—2014年黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化特征及其归因[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1 568-1 578.
[7]张含玉,方怒放,史志华.黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候因子的响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(13):3 960-3 968.
[8]李辉霞,刘国华,傅伯杰.基于NDVI的三江源地区植被生长对气候变化和人类活动的响应研究[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5 495-5 504.
[9]杨胜天,刘昌明,孙睿.近20年来黄河流域植被覆盖变化分析[J].地理学报,2002,57(6):679-684.
[10]万炜,魏伟,钱大文,等.土地利用/覆被变化的环境效应研究进展[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(4):361-372.
[11]黄鹏,郭闽,兰思仁.福建省城市化与生态环境耦合状况分析[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2015,44(2):203-207.
[12]刘少华,严登华,史晓亮,等.中国植被NDVI与气候因子的年际变化及相关性研究[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),2014,37(3):480-489.
[13]文英.人类活动强度定量评价方法的初步探讨[J].科学与社会,1998(4):56-61.
[14]JIE F,LI P. The scientific foundation of major function oriented zoning in China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,19(5):515.
[15]张翠云,王昭.黑河流域人类活动强度的定量评价[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(S1):394-398.
[16]胡志斌,何兴元,李月辉,等.岷江上游地区人类活动强度及其特征[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):539-543.
[17]王金哲,张光辉,聂振龙,等.滹沱河流域平原区人类活动强度的定量评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(10):41-44.
[18]吴琳娜,杨胜天,刘晓燕,等.1976年以来北洛河流域土地利用变化对人类活动程度的响应[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):54-63.
[19]徐勇,孙晓一,汤青.陆地表层人类活动强度:概念、方法及应用[J].地理学报,2015,70(7):1 068-1 079.
[20]李香云,王立新,章予舒,等.西北干旱区土地荒漠化中人类活动作用及其指标选择[J].地理科学,2004,24(1):68-75.
[21]徐小任,徐勇.黄土高原地区人类活动强度时空变化分析[J].地理研究,2017,36(4):661-672.
[22]徐志刚,庄大方,杨琳,等.区域人类活动强度定量模型的建立与应用[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(4):452-460.
[23]国家统计局农村社会经济调查总队.中国县(市)社会经济统计概要[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2000.