滹沱河冲洪积扇浅层地下水水质外界胁迫作用分析
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摘要
以滹沱河冲洪积扇为研究区,基于地下水背景值进行劣质劣变水评价,尝试区分地下水所受到的外界胁迫作用类型,划分不同类型水的分布范围,并结合人类活动要素验证评价结果的可靠性。在此基础上,利用因子分析技术进一步分析归纳地下水水质的具体胁迫方式。评价结果表明:一级劣变水区面积占整个研究区的65.9%,二级劣变水区占15.7%,研究区大部分区域在人为活动影响下其地下水水质朝恶化方向发展。胁迫作用分析表明:一级劣变水主要受过量抽取地下水作用影响,改变了天然水化学场,并引起区内含盐水平整体增高;二级劣变水主要受生活和工业废水、养殖场和垃圾场渗滤液等污染物输入影响,使地下水遭受较严重的污染;此外,铁离子为研究区天然劣质组分,主要受地层岩性、水文地质条件等天然因素控制,并在人为污染输入的影响下部分地区浓度值超过其背景值上限,发生了进一步劣变。
Taking the Hutuo River alluvial fan as an example,this study uses the inferior and deterioration water evaluation method,based on the groundwater background values,to differentiate the type of external stress effect on groundwater and to divide the distribution range of different types of water. The reliability of the evaluation results is verified by human activities. The evaluation results show that the first grade deteriorated water area accounts for 65. 9% of the total area,and the second grade water area accounts for 15. 7%,which indicates that the groundwater quality of most areas in the study area tends to deteriorate under the influence of human activities. In order to further summarize the specific stress modes of groundwater quality,the main factors extraction are carried out in the factor analysis. The results show that the main stress of the first grade deteriorated water is the change in hydrogeochemical field due to ground water over-exploitation,which caussd an overall increase in salt content in groundwater. The second grade deteriorated water is mainly affected by the input of pollutants such as domestic and industrial wastewater,farms and landfill leachate. In addition,ion is the natural inferior component in the study area,which is affected by the natural factors such as lithology and hydrogeological conditions,and its concentration exceeds the upper limit of the background value in some areasunder the influence of human activities,and further deterioration has occurred.
Taking the Hutuo River alluvial fan as an example,this study uses the inferior and deterioration water evaluation method,based on the groundwater background values,to differentiate the type of external stress effect on groundwater and to divide the distribution range of different types of water. The reliability of the evaluation results is verified by human activities. The evaluation results show that the first grade deteriorated water area accounts for 65. 9% of the total area,and the second grade water area accounts for 15. 7%,which indicates that the groundwater quality of most areas in the study area tends to deteriorate under the influence of human activities. In order to further summarize the specific stress modes of groundwater quality,the main factors extraction are carried out in the factor analysis. The results show that the main stress of the first grade deteriorated water is the change in hydrogeochemical field due to ground water over-exploitation,which caussd an overall increase in salt content in groundwater. The second grade deteriorated water is mainly affected by the input of pollutants such as domestic and industrial wastewater,farms and landfill leachate. In addition,ion is the natural inferior component in the study area,which is affected by the natural factors such as lithology and hydrogeological conditions,and its concentration exceeds the upper limit of the background value in some areasunder the influence of human activities,and further deterioration has occurred.
引文
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[17]Zhang Q,Wang H,Wang Y,et al.Groundwater quality assessment and pollution source apportionment in an intensely exploited region of northern China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,24(20):16639.
[18]李凤林,杨先铎,杨天申,等.石家庄城市供水水文地质勘测报告[R].石家庄:河北省地质局水文地质观测总站,1965.[LI F L,YANG X Y,YANG T S,et al.Hydrogeological survey report of water supply in Shijiazhuang[R].Shijiazhuang:Hydrogeological observation station of Hebei Geological Bureau,1965.(in Chinese)]
[19]赵鹏,何江涛,王曼丽,等.地下水污染风险评价中污染源荷载量化方法的对比分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2754-2762.[ZHAO P,HE J T,WANG M L,et a1.Comparison and analysis of the quantitative methods for pollutant sources load in groundwater contamination risk assessment[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2754-2762.(in Chinese)]
[20]WANG J,HE J,CHEN H.Assessment of groundwater contamination risk using hazard quantification,a modified DRASTIC model and groundwater value,Beijing Plain,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,432(16):216.
[21]王贺,谷洪彪,迟宝明,等.柳江盆地浅层地下水硝酸盐分布特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1699-1706.[WANG H,GU H B,CHI B M,et al.Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of nitrate pollution in shallow groundwater of Liujiang Basin[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1699-1706.(in Chinese)]
[22]赵红梅,赵华,毛洪亮,等.华北平原滹沱河冲洪积扇第四纪地层划分[J].地层学杂志,2014,38(2):137-146.[ZHAO H M,ZHAO H,MAO H L,et al.Quaternary stratigraphy division of Hutohe alluvial fan deposits in the north China plain[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2014,38(2):137-146.(in Chinese)]
[23]朱锦旗,王彩会,陆徐荣,等.苏锡常地区浅层地下水铁锰离子分布规律及成因分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(3):30-33.[ZHU J Q,WANG C H,LU X R,et al.An analysis of the occurrence and influence factors of Fe2+and Mn2+in the shallow groundwater in the Suzhou-WuxiChangzhou area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2006,33(3):30-33.(in Chinese)]
[2]李亚松,张兆吉,费宇红,等.河北省滹沱河冲积平原地下水质量及污染特征研究[J].地球学报,2014,(2):169-176.[LI Y S,ZHANG Z J,FEI Y H,et al.Groundwater quality and contamination characteristics in the Hutuo River Plain Area,Hebei Province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2014,(2):169-176.(in Chinese)]
[3]Anning D W,Flynn M E.Dissolved-solids sources,loads,yields,and concentrations in streams of the conterminous United States[J].Center for Integrated Data Analytics Wisconsin Science Center,2014.
[4]张宗祜,施德鸿,沈照理,等.应积极开展人类活动影响下地下水环境的演化及发展的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,19(5):1-2.[ZHANG Z H,SHI D H,SHEN Z L,et al.The research on the evolution and development of groundwater environment under the influence of human activities[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1992,19(5):1-2.(in Chinese)]
[5]张宗祜,施德鸿,沈照理,等.人类活动影响下华北平原地下水环境的演化与发展[J].地球学报,1997,(4):2-9.[ZHANG Z H,SHI D H,SHEN Z L,et al.Evolution and development of groundwater environment in North China Plain under human activities[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,1997,(4):2-9.(in Chinese)]
[6]张光辉,费宇红,张行南,等.滹沱河流域平原区地下水流场异常变化与原因[J].水利学报,2008,39(6):747-752.[ZHANG G H,FEI Y H,ZHANG X N,et al.Abnormal variation of groundwater flow field in plain area of Hutuo River basin and analysis on its cause[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(6):747-752.(in Chinese)]
[7]王金哲,张光辉,母海东,等.人类活动对浅层地下水干扰程度定量评价及验证[J].水利学报,2011,42(12):1445-1451.[WANG J Z,ZHANG G H,MU H D,et al.Quantitative valuation and validation of the influence degree of human activities on shallow groundwater[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(12):1445-1451.(in Chinese)]
[8]HUANG G,SUN J,ZHANG Y,et al.Impact of anthropogenic and natural processes on the evolution of groundwater chemistry in a rapidly urbanized coastal area,South China.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,463/464(5):209.
[9]Guler C,Kurt M A,Alpaslan M,et al.Assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activities on the groundwater hydrology and chemistry in Tarsus coastal plain(Mersin,SE Turkey)using fuzzy clustering,multivariate statistics and GIS techniques[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,414/415:435-451.
[10]Cruz J V,Andrade C.Natural background groundwater composition in the Azores archipelago(Portugal):A hydrogeochemical study and threshold value determination.[J].Science of the TotalEnvironment,2015,520:127-135.
[11]张兆吉.华北平原地下水可持续利用图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2009.[ZHANG Z J.Atlas of groundwater sustainable utilization in the North China Plain[M].Beijing:China Map Publishing House,2009.(in Chinese)]
[12]中国地质调查局.DZ/T0282—2015水文地质调查规范(1∶50000)[S].北京:地质出版社,2015.[China Geological Survey.DZ/T0282—2015Code for hydrogeological survey(1∶50000)[S].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2015.(in Chinese)]
[13]国土资源部.GB/T 14848—2017地下水水质标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.[Ministry of Land and Resources.GB/T 14848—2017Standard of groundwater quality[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2015.(in Chinese)]
[14]张小文,何江涛,彭聪,等.地下水主要组分水化学异常识别方法对比:以柳江盆地为例[J].环境科学,2017,38(8):3225-3234.[ZHANG X W,HE J T,PENG C,et al.Comparison of identification methods of main component hydrochemical anomalies in groundwater:A case study of Liujiang Basin[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(8):3225-3234.(in Chinese)]
[15]廖磊.柳江盆地浅层地下水次要组分和微量组分视背景值研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2016.[LIAO L.Study on apparent background values of minor components and trace elements in shallow groundwater of Liujiang Basin[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2016.(in Chinese)]
[16]郭高轩,辛宝东,刘文臣,等.我国地下水环境背景值研究综述[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(2):95-98.[GUO G X,XIN B D,LIU W C,et al.Review on the study of the environment background values of groundwater in China[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2010,37(2):95-98.(in Chinese)]
[17]Zhang Q,Wang H,Wang Y,et al.Groundwater quality assessment and pollution source apportionment in an intensely exploited region of northern China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,24(20):16639.
[18]李凤林,杨先铎,杨天申,等.石家庄城市供水水文地质勘测报告[R].石家庄:河北省地质局水文地质观测总站,1965.[LI F L,YANG X Y,YANG T S,et al.Hydrogeological survey report of water supply in Shijiazhuang[R].Shijiazhuang:Hydrogeological observation station of Hebei Geological Bureau,1965.(in Chinese)]
[19]赵鹏,何江涛,王曼丽,等.地下水污染风险评价中污染源荷载量化方法的对比分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2754-2762.[ZHAO P,HE J T,WANG M L,et a1.Comparison and analysis of the quantitative methods for pollutant sources load in groundwater contamination risk assessment[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2754-2762.(in Chinese)]
[20]WANG J,HE J,CHEN H.Assessment of groundwater contamination risk using hazard quantification,a modified DRASTIC model and groundwater value,Beijing Plain,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,432(16):216.
[21]王贺,谷洪彪,迟宝明,等.柳江盆地浅层地下水硝酸盐分布特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1699-1706.[WANG H,GU H B,CHI B M,et al.Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of nitrate pollution in shallow groundwater of Liujiang Basin[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1699-1706.(in Chinese)]
[22]赵红梅,赵华,毛洪亮,等.华北平原滹沱河冲洪积扇第四纪地层划分[J].地层学杂志,2014,38(2):137-146.[ZHAO H M,ZHAO H,MAO H L,et al.Quaternary stratigraphy division of Hutohe alluvial fan deposits in the north China plain[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2014,38(2):137-146.(in Chinese)]
[23]朱锦旗,王彩会,陆徐荣,等.苏锡常地区浅层地下水铁锰离子分布规律及成因分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(3):30-33.[ZHU J Q,WANG C H,LU X R,et al.An analysis of the occurrence and influence factors of Fe2+and Mn2+in the shallow groundwater in the Suzhou-WuxiChangzhou area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2006,33(3):30-33.(in Chinese)]