西溪湿地漂浮植物对池塘冬季水温的影响研究
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摘要
池塘养殖是当前国内水产养殖的重要方式,而水温的变化影响到浮游动植物生长甚至溶解氧等相关特性进而影响到鱼类的生长,在恶劣天气下尤为明显.为了指导渔业生产,了解养殖池塘水温在冬季低温的变化情况,本研究选取西溪湿地水生生态系统恢复示范区内的池塘为例,观察两种不同覆盖水面下0.3 m和0.6 m的水温变化情况,发现冬季极冷天气下有漂浮植物覆盖的水面在0.6 m处最低、最高温度值明显高于没有植物覆盖同一水面的最低、最高水温,最高增温幅度能达到3.25℃,最低温增幅有1.83℃;处理组与对照组在0.6 m水深处水温的最低值、最高值存在极显著性差异(P<0.01),说明漂浮水生植物对一定深度的水体起到保温作用,再加上漂浮植物自身对水体的营养物质吸收,均有利于养殖池塘的水生生物越冬和水质净化.
Pond culture is an important way of aquaculture at present in China,and the changes in water temperature affect the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton and even dissolved oxygen and other related features and then affect the growth of fish,especially in extreme weather.In order to instruct the fishery production and understand the changes of the pond water temperature in the extreme climate of winter,in this study two different water levels of 0.3m and 0.6m under the water in the demonstration ponds of Xixi Wetland ecosystem are investigated,which is found that the lowest and highest values of the water surface covered by floating plants in the cold winter are higher than the lowest water temperature and the highest water temperature of the same water surface without the plant cover at the depth of 0. 6m,and the maximum and lowest temperature increase can reach 3. 25 ℃ and 1. 83 ℃respectively. There is a significant difference between the lowest and the highest values of water temperature at the depth of 0. 6m between the treatment and control groups,indicating that the floating aquatic plants play the role of keeping warm to a certain depth of water body,at the same time,the floating plants absorb the nutrients from the water,which is conducive to aquatic organisms overwintering and water purification.
Pond culture is an important way of aquaculture at present in China,and the changes in water temperature affect the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton and even dissolved oxygen and other related features and then affect the growth of fish,especially in extreme weather.In order to instruct the fishery production and understand the changes of the pond water temperature in the extreme climate of winter,in this study two different water levels of 0.3m and 0.6m under the water in the demonstration ponds of Xixi Wetland ecosystem are investigated,which is found that the lowest and highest values of the water surface covered by floating plants in the cold winter are higher than the lowest water temperature and the highest water temperature of the same water surface without the plant cover at the depth of 0. 6m,and the maximum and lowest temperature increase can reach 3. 25 ℃ and 1. 83 ℃respectively. There is a significant difference between the lowest and the highest values of water temperature at the depth of 0. 6m between the treatment and control groups,indicating that the floating aquatic plants play the role of keeping warm to a certain depth of water body,at the same time,the floating plants absorb the nutrients from the water,which is conducive to aquatic organisms overwintering and water purification.
引文
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[2]徐天科.浅谈水环境对鱼类养殖的影响[J].农业与技术,2016,36(6):92.
[3]魏泰莉,余瑞兰,聂湘平,等.养殖水环境中亚硝酸盐对鱼类的危害及防治的研究[J].水产养殖,1999(3):15-17.
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[15]BURKE J S,BAYNE D R,REA H.Impact of silver and bighead carps on plankton communities of channel catfish ponds[J].Aquaculture,1986,55(1):59-68.
[16]DALE H M,GILLESPIE T.The influence of floating vascular plants on the diurnal fluctuations of temperature near the water surface in early spring[J].Hydrobiologia,1976,49(3):245-256.
[17]闫志强,刘黾,吴小业,等.温度对五种沉水植物生长和营养去除效果的影响[J].生态科学,2014,33(5):839-844.
[18]缪丽华,季梦成,王莹莹,等.湿地外来植物香菇草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)入侵风险研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2011,37(4):425-431.
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[20]胡绵好,袁菊红,杨肖娥.温度对植物浮床净化富营养化水体能力的影响[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(2):283-291.
[21]潘琦,宋祥甫,邹国燕,等.不同温度对沉水植物保护酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1881-1886.
[22]孙德文,詹勇,许梓荣.环境温度在鱼类养殖中的重要作用[J].中国饲料,2003,24(4):20-21.
[23]许友卿,陈哲,丁兆坤.低温对鱼类的影响及其预防[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(15):132-136.
[24]龙华.温度对鱼类生存的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005(S1):254-257.
[25]张树楠,肖润林,刘锋,等.生态沟渠对氮、磷污染物的拦截效应[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4516-4522.
[26]黄亮,吴乃成,唐涛,等.水生植物对富营养化水系统中氮、磷的富集与转移[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(S1):1-6.
[27]周遗品,刘雯,雷泽湘,等.铜钱草对城市生活污水的净化效果[J].仲恺农业工程学院学报,2011,24(2):9-12.
[28]余红兵.生态沟渠水生植物对农区氮磷面源污染的拦截效应研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[29]陈友媛,崔香,董滨,等.3种水培观赏植物净化模拟污水的试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(2):253-257.
[30]LI X N,SONG H L,WEI L,et al.An integrated ecological floating-bed employing plant,freshwater clam and biofilm carrier for purification of eutrophic water[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(4):382-390.
[2]徐天科.浅谈水环境对鱼类养殖的影响[J].农业与技术,2016,36(6):92.
[3]魏泰莉,余瑞兰,聂湘平,等.养殖水环境中亚硝酸盐对鱼类的危害及防治的研究[J].水产养殖,1999(3):15-17.
[4]邓云.大型深水库的水温预测研究[D].成都:四川大学,2003.
[5]任华堂,陈永灿,刘昭伟.三峡水库水温预测研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2008,23(2):141-148.
[6]沈建华,周甦芳,董玉来,等.2006年东海及部分黄海海域表面水温状况分析[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(2):179-185.
[7]保文秀,陆颖,国怀亮.河流水温预测方法研究进展[C]//2014中国环境科学学会学术年会,成都:2014.
[8]蒲灵,李克锋,庄春义,等.天然河流水温变化规律的原型观测研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2006,43(3):614-617.
[9]白杨,张运林,周永强,等.千岛湖水温垂直分层的空间分布及其影响因素[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(5):906-914.
[10]BUCCOLA N L,RISLEY J C,ROUNDS S A.Simulating future water temperatures in the North Santiam River,Oregon[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,535:318-330.
[11]RIVERS-MOORE N A,BEZUIDENHOUT C N,JEWITT G P W.Modelling highly variable daily maximum water temperatures in a perennial South African river system[J].African Journal of Aquatic Science,2005,30(1):55-63.
[12]GOPHEN M.Biomanipulation:retrospective and future development[J].Hydrobiologia,1990,200(1):1-11.
[13]杜尧东,刘锦銮,何健,等.广州地区冬季鱼塘水温特征及其预测预报[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(4):52-56.
[14]孟翠丽,杨文刚,干昌林,等.淡水鱼塘分层水温的变化特征[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(11):103-108.
[15]BURKE J S,BAYNE D R,REA H.Impact of silver and bighead carps on plankton communities of channel catfish ponds[J].Aquaculture,1986,55(1):59-68.
[16]DALE H M,GILLESPIE T.The influence of floating vascular plants on the diurnal fluctuations of temperature near the water surface in early spring[J].Hydrobiologia,1976,49(3):245-256.
[17]闫志强,刘黾,吴小业,等.温度对五种沉水植物生长和营养去除效果的影响[J].生态科学,2014,33(5):839-844.
[18]缪丽华,季梦成,王莹莹,等.湿地外来植物香菇草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)入侵风险研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2011,37(4):425-431.
[19]罗固源,卜发平,许晓毅,等.温度对生态浮床系统的影响[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(4):499-503.
[20]胡绵好,袁菊红,杨肖娥.温度对植物浮床净化富营养化水体能力的影响[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(2):283-291.
[21]潘琦,宋祥甫,邹国燕,等.不同温度对沉水植物保护酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1881-1886.
[22]孙德文,詹勇,许梓荣.环境温度在鱼类养殖中的重要作用[J].中国饲料,2003,24(4):20-21.
[23]许友卿,陈哲,丁兆坤.低温对鱼类的影响及其预防[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(15):132-136.
[24]龙华.温度对鱼类生存的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005(S1):254-257.
[25]张树楠,肖润林,刘锋,等.生态沟渠对氮、磷污染物的拦截效应[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4516-4522.
[26]黄亮,吴乃成,唐涛,等.水生植物对富营养化水系统中氮、磷的富集与转移[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(S1):1-6.
[27]周遗品,刘雯,雷泽湘,等.铜钱草对城市生活污水的净化效果[J].仲恺农业工程学院学报,2011,24(2):9-12.
[28]余红兵.生态沟渠水生植物对农区氮磷面源污染的拦截效应研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[29]陈友媛,崔香,董滨,等.3种水培观赏植物净化模拟污水的试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(2):253-257.
[30]LI X N,SONG H L,WEI L,et al.An integrated ecological floating-bed employing plant,freshwater clam and biofilm carrier for purification of eutrophic water[J].Ecological Engineering,2010,36(4):382-390.