土洞演化过程中路基变形的响应分析
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摘要
为了分析隐伏土洞演化对路基变形的影响,基于已有公路路基土洞的塌陷实例调研分析,提出土洞具有"圆柱状塌陷"及"漏斗状塌陷"2种演化模式;分别利用极限平衡理论和普氏平衡拱理论推导2种土洞演化模式的临界塌陷高度,结合FLAC3D软件分析土洞在演化过程中路基的变形及塌陷规律。研究结果表明:圆柱状土洞临界塌陷高度主要由覆盖土层强度、土体重度、土洞断面面积以及车辆附加荷载等因素决定;漏斗状土洞的临界塌陷高度主要由土体内摩擦角、土体坚固系数、初始土洞半径等因素决定;路基在土洞演化过程中经历稳定、基本稳定、临界塌陷及塌陷等过程;在路基土洞完全塌陷之前,路基表面的倾斜变形值超过允许标准值。
In order to analyze the influence of evolution of concealed soil cavity on the deformation of subgrade, two evolutionary models of "cylindrical collapse" and "funnel collapse" upward expansion of soil cave were proposed based on the analysis of the example of existing highway subgrade soil cave. The critical collapse height in the evolutionary models of soil cave was deduced by using the limit equilibrium theory and Platts equilibrium arch theory, respectively. The deformation and collapse law of the soil foundation in the course of evolution was analyzed by using FLAC3 Dsoftware. The results show the critical collapse height of cylindrical shaped soil cave is mainly determined by the factors such as the strength of the covering soil layer, the soil mass, the section size of the tunnel and the additional load of the vehicle. The critical collapse height of funnel shaped soil cave is mainly determined by the factors such as the friction angle of soil, the coefficient of soil firmness, the radius of initial soil cave, and so on. In the course of the evolution of the soil cave, the subgrade undergoes the process of stability, basic stability, critical collapse and collapse. Before the collapse of the subgrade soil cave, the slope deformation of the subgrade surface will exceed the allowable standard value after stabilization.
In order to analyze the influence of evolution of concealed soil cavity on the deformation of subgrade, two evolutionary models of "cylindrical collapse" and "funnel collapse" upward expansion of soil cave were proposed based on the analysis of the example of existing highway subgrade soil cave. The critical collapse height in the evolutionary models of soil cave was deduced by using the limit equilibrium theory and Platts equilibrium arch theory, respectively. The deformation and collapse law of the soil foundation in the course of evolution was analyzed by using FLAC3 Dsoftware. The results show the critical collapse height of cylindrical shaped soil cave is mainly determined by the factors such as the strength of the covering soil layer, the soil mass, the section size of the tunnel and the additional load of the vehicle. The critical collapse height of funnel shaped soil cave is mainly determined by the factors such as the friction angle of soil, the coefficient of soil firmness, the radius of initial soil cave, and so on. In the course of the evolution of the soil cave, the subgrade undergoes the process of stability, basic stability, critical collapse and collapse. Before the collapse of the subgrade soil cave, the slope deformation of the subgrade surface will exceed the allowable standard value after stabilization.
引文
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[19]许强,邓茂林,李世海,等.武隆鸡尾山滑坡形成机理数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(11):2012-2021.XU Qiang,DENG Maolin,LI Shihai,et al.Numerical simulation study on formation mechanism of Jiweishan landslide in Wulong[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(11):2012-2021.
[20]覃秀玲,严明,蒋小珍.ANSYS在土洞演化预警中的应用[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(3):275-280.TAN Xiuling,YAN Ming,JIANG Xiaozhen.Application of ANSYS in early warning of soil cave evolution[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(3):275-280.
[21]贺跃光,熊莎,吴盛才.采空区上方高速公路允许移动变形指标研究[J].矿冶工程,2013,33(2):27-30.HE Yueguang,XIONG Sa,WU Shengcai.Research on allowable deformation index of expressway above goaf[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2013,33(2):27-30.
[22]贺跃光,刘聪,邢学敏.某钻井水溶开采矿区地表形变D-In SAR监测精度分析[J].长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版),2018,15(3):79-84.HE Yueguang,LIU Cong,XING Xuemin.Accuracy analysis of surface deformation D-In SAR monitoring in a drilling water-soluble mining area[J].Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2018,15(3):79-84.
[23]殷苗苗.岩溶区加筋路堤处治技术的设计理论与数值模拟研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学土木工程学院,2011:67-72.YIN Miaomiao.Design theory and numerical simulation study on treatment technology of reinforced embankment in karst area[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science&Technology.School of Civil Engineering,2011:67-72.
[24]付宏渊,殷苗苗,贺炜.防治公路岩溶塌陷的土工合成材料设计理论研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):2983-2988.FU Hongyuan,YIN Miaomiao,HE Wei.Study on design theory of Geosynthetics for preventing karst collapse of highway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):2983-2988.
[2]BAUS R L,WANG M C.Bearing capacity of strip footing above void[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1983,117(5):753-765.
[3]陈余道,朱学愚,蒋亚萍.粘性土土洞形成的水化学侵蚀实验[J].水文地质工程地质,1997,24(1):29-32.XU Yudao,ZHU Xueyu,JIANG Yaping,et al.1997.Water chemical corrosion test of formation of clayey soil hole[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1997,24(1):29-32.
[4]任新红,郭永春,王清海,等.覆盖型岩溶潜蚀塌陷临界裂隙开度模型试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(5):84-87.REN Xinhong,GUO Yongchun,WANG Qinghai,et al.Model test study on critical fracture opening of overburden karst erosion[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2012,39(5):84-87.
[5]THARP T M.Mechanics of upward propagation of caver-collapse sinkhole[J].Engineering Geology,1999,52(1):23-33.
[6]万志清,秦四清,李志刚,等.土洞形成的机理及起始条件[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1377-1382.WAN Zhiqing,QIN Siqing,LI Zhigang,et al.Formation mechanism and initial conditions of soil caves[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,22(8):1377-1382.
[7]谢春庆,李登华,潘凯.西南地区土洞易发高发区特征及形成机理研究[J].路基工程,2016(5):56-63.XIE Chunqing,LI Denghua,PAN Kai.Characteristics and formation mechanism of high-incidence areas in soil caverns in Southwest China[J].Subgrade Engineering,2016(5):56-63.
[8]王滨,李治广,董昕,等.岩溶塌陷的致塌力学模型研究:以泰安市东羊娄岩溶塌陷为例[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(4):119-125.WANG Bin,LI Zhiguang,DONG Xin,et al.Study on collapse mechanics model of karst collapse taking karst collapse of Donglou in Tai’an as an example[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(4):119-125.
[9]王滨,贺可强.岩溶塌陷临界土洞的极限平衡高度公式[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3):458-462.WANG Bin,HE Keqiang.Limit equilibrium height formula of critical soil cavern in karst collapse[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(3):458-462.
[10]程星,彭世寿.岩溶区地下水位下降致塌的数值模拟研究[J].地球与环境,2005,33(增1):119-123.CHENG Xing,PENG Shishou.Numerical simulation study on collapse of groundwater table in karst area[J].Earth and environment,2005,33(S1):119-123.
[11]贾龙,蒙彦,管振德.岩溶土洞演化及其数值模拟分析[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(3):294-298.JIA Li,MENG Yan,GUAN Zhende.Evolution and numerical simulation of karst soil cavity[J].Carsologica Sinica,2014,33(3):294-298.
[12]李涛,张子真,宗露丹.地下空洞引起土质地层地陷的形成机制与预测研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(7):1995-2002.LI Tiao,ZHANG Zizhen,ZONG Ludan.Study on mechanism and prediction of underground cavities caused by the formation of soil stratum subsidence[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(7):1995-2002.
[13]罗小杰,沈建.我国岩溶地面塌陷研究进展与展望[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(1):101-111.LUO Xiaojie,SHEN Jian.Progress and prospects of karst ground collapse in China[J].Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(1):101-111.
[14]FEHDI C,BAALI F,BOUBAYA D,et al.Detection of sinkholes using 2D electrical resistivity imaging in the Cheria Basin(northeast of Algeria)[J].Arabian Journal of Geoscience,2011(4):181-187.
[15]OUYANG Z H.The role of potential soil cavity on ground subsidence and collapse in coal mining area[J].Journal of Coal Science and Engineering,2010,16(3):240-245.
[16]姜伏伟,李亮,陈航.贵阳永温中学岩溶塌陷发育临界条件研究[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(2):294-299.JIANG Fuwei,LI Liang,CHEN Hang.Study on critical conditions for karst collapse development in Yongwen middle school of Guiyang[J].Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(2):294-299.
[17]《岩土工程手册》编写委员会.岩土工程手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:37-42.Manual Committee of Geotechnical Engineering.Geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008:37-42.
[18]刘建兵,黄永泉,杨曼,等.江西莲花县城区岩溶塌陷发育条件及成因分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(3):58-65.LIU Jianbing,HUANG Yongquan,YANG Man,et al.Developmental conditions and genesis analysis of karst collapse in the urban area of Lianhua County of Jiangxi Province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2017,28(3):58-65.
[19]许强,邓茂林,李世海,等.武隆鸡尾山滑坡形成机理数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(11):2012-2021.XU Qiang,DENG Maolin,LI Shihai,et al.Numerical simulation study on formation mechanism of Jiweishan landslide in Wulong[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(11):2012-2021.
[20]覃秀玲,严明,蒋小珍.ANSYS在土洞演化预警中的应用[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(3):275-280.TAN Xiuling,YAN Ming,JIANG Xiaozhen.Application of ANSYS in early warning of soil cave evolution[J].Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(3):275-280.
[21]贺跃光,熊莎,吴盛才.采空区上方高速公路允许移动变形指标研究[J].矿冶工程,2013,33(2):27-30.HE Yueguang,XIONG Sa,WU Shengcai.Research on allowable deformation index of expressway above goaf[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2013,33(2):27-30.
[22]贺跃光,刘聪,邢学敏.某钻井水溶开采矿区地表形变D-In SAR监测精度分析[J].长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版),2018,15(3):79-84.HE Yueguang,LIU Cong,XING Xuemin.Accuracy analysis of surface deformation D-In SAR monitoring in a drilling water-soluble mining area[J].Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2018,15(3):79-84.
[23]殷苗苗.岩溶区加筋路堤处治技术的设计理论与数值模拟研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学土木工程学院,2011:67-72.YIN Miaomiao.Design theory and numerical simulation study on treatment technology of reinforced embankment in karst area[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science&Technology.School of Civil Engineering,2011:67-72.
[24]付宏渊,殷苗苗,贺炜.防治公路岩溶塌陷的土工合成材料设计理论研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):2983-2988.FU Hongyuan,YIN Miaomiao,HE Wei.Study on design theory of Geosynthetics for preventing karst collapse of highway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):2983-2988.