鄂尔多斯高原弃耕农田植物群落演替过程中物种多样性的变化
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摘要
通过对鄂尔多斯高原弃耕农田植物群落演替过程中物种多样性变化规律的研究,得到以下结果:(1)随弃耕年限增加,最终软梁和硬梁弃耕农田的优势植物分别为羊草和本氏针茅。(2)软梁弃耕农田α多样性指数随弃耕年限的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,β多样性指数变化较大。硬梁弃耕农田物种α多样性指数随弃耕年限增加呈下降趋势,Srensen指数呈先下降后升高的趋势,Cody指数呈先升高后下降的趋势。鄂尔多斯高原弃耕农田植物群落演替过程中植物群落最终向地带性植被演替,符合弃耕农田植物群落演替的一般规律。
Biodiversity changes in plant community succession of abandoned cropland in Ordos Plateau were analyzed in this study. The result showed that:( 1) With increasing abandoned years,finally,the dominant species were Leymus chinensis and Stipa bungeana in soft highland and hard highland,respectively.( 2) With increasing of abandoned years,α diversity indexes firstly increased,then decreased in abandoned cropland in soft highland,and the change of β diversity index was large. In hard highland,with increasing abandoned years,α diversity index generally showed a downward trend,Srensen index decreased firstly then increased,Cody index increased firstly and then decreased. Community succession of abandoned cropland in Ordos plateau approached to zonal vegetation finally,this succession accorded with general rule of abandoned cropland succession.
Biodiversity changes in plant community succession of abandoned cropland in Ordos Plateau were analyzed in this study. The result showed that:( 1) With increasing abandoned years,finally,the dominant species were Leymus chinensis and Stipa bungeana in soft highland and hard highland,respectively.( 2) With increasing of abandoned years,α diversity indexes firstly increased,then decreased in abandoned cropland in soft highland,and the change of β diversity index was large. In hard highland,with increasing abandoned years,α diversity index generally showed a downward trend,Srensen index decreased firstly then increased,Cody index increased firstly and then decreased. Community succession of abandoned cropland in Ordos plateau approached to zonal vegetation finally,this succession accorded with general rule of abandoned cropland succession.
引文
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[15]李永强,焦树英,赵萌莉,等.草甸草原撂荒地演替过程中植被多样性指数变化[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(3):116-120.
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[19]蔡文涛,李贺祎,来利明,等.鄂尔多斯高原弃耕农田恢复过程中土壤物理性质和生物结皮的变化[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):829-837.
[20]Condit R,Hubbell S P.Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees[J].Science,2002,295:666-669.
[2]Dixon A P,Faber-Langendoen D,Josse C,et al.Distribution mapping of world grassland types[J].Journal of Biogeography,2014,41(11):2003-2019.
[3]李毓堂.中国草原政策的变迁[J].草业科学,2008,25(6):1-7.
[4]王庆锁,李博.鄂尔多斯沙地油蒿群落生物量初步研究[J].植物生态学报,1994,18(4):347-353.
[5]Govers G,Oost K V,Poesen J.Responses of a semi-arid landscape to human disturbance:A simulation study of the interaction between rock fragment cover,soil erosion and land use change[J].Geoderma,2006,133(1):19-31.
[6]Sanz A,Fernandez C,Mouillot F,et al.Long-term forest dynamics and land-use abandonment in the Mediterranean Mountains,Corsica,France[J].Ecology&Society,2013,18(2):247-261.
[7]张继义,赵哈林,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地植被恢复系列上群落演替与物种多样性的恢复动态[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):86-92.
[8]郝文芳,梁宗锁,陈存根,等.黄土丘陵区弃耕地群落演替过程中的物种多样性研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(9):1-8.
[9]李裕元,邵明安.子午岭植被自然恢复过程中植物多样性的变化[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):252-260.
[10]牛建明,李博.鄂尔多斯高原植被与生态因子的多元分析[J].生态学报,1992,12(2):105-112.
[11]张新时.毛乌素沙地的生态背景及其草地建设的原则与优化模式[J].植物生态学报,1994,18(1):1-16.
[12]方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,等.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.
[13]Sheng M Y,Xiong K N,Cui G Y,Liu Y.Plant diversity and soil physical-chemical properties in karst rocky desertification ecosystem of Guizhou,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2015,35(2):434-448.
[14]Magurran A E.Ecological biversity and its measurement[J].Biometrics,1989,46(2):81-99.
[15]李永强,焦树英,赵萌莉,等.草甸草原撂荒地演替过程中植被多样性指数变化[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(3):116-120.
[16]Crabtree K.Vegetation of the earth in relation to climate and the eco-physiological conditions by H.Walter[J].Biologia Plantarum,1975,17(1):30-30.
[17]程积民,万惠娥,胡相明.黄土丘陵区植被恢复重建模式与演替过程研究[J].草地学报,2005,13(4):324-327.
[18]中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会中华人民共和国植被图[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
[19]蔡文涛,李贺祎,来利明,等.鄂尔多斯高原弃耕农田恢复过程中土壤物理性质和生物结皮的变化[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):829-837.
[20]Condit R,Hubbell S P.Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees[J].Science,2002,295:666-669.