基于SWAT模型的张家口清水河流域土地利用情景变化对径流影响研究
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摘要
土地利用是区域气候和环境变化的重要影响因素。以3S技术为依托,分析25年来张家口清水河流域土地利用类型变化特征,建立了流域SWAT模型并评价了其在张家口清水河流域的适用性,通过设置5种土地利用变化情景,定量分析了张家口清水河流域主要土地利用类型对流域径流的影响。结果表明:SWAT模型在张家口清水河流域具有很好的适用性。1990—2015年,张家口清水河流域的土地利用类型以林地、草地和耕地为主,3种土地利用类型面积总和均占流域总面积的96%以上。其中林地对径流量的影响系数为1.908 m~3/(km~2·h),草地对径流量的影响系数为1.836 m~3/(km~2·h),说明林地和草地都具有截留径流的作用,且林地的作用大于草地;耕地对径流量的影响系数为3.168 m~3/(km~2·h),说明耕地对径流起增加作用。因此,合理开发耕地资源,保护林草资源有利于促进张家口清水河流域生态环境质量的改善。
Land use is an important factor affecting regional climate and environmental change. Based on 3 S technology, we analyzed the characteristics of land use types change in Qingshuihe basin of Zhangjiakou over the past 25 years. The SWAT model was established and its applicability in the Qingshuihe basin of Zhangjiakou was evaluated. Five land use change scenarios were set up to quantitatively analyze the impact of main land use types on runoff in the Qingshuihe basin of Zhangjiakou. The results showed that SWAT model had good applicability in Zhangjiakou Qingshuihe basin. From 1990 to 2015, the main land use types of Qingshuihe basin in Zhangjiakou were woodland, grassland and cultivated land. In the meanwhile, the sum of the three types of land use area accounted for more than 96% of the total basin area. The influence coefficient of woodland on runoff was 1.908 m~3/(km~2·h), and the influence coefficient of grassland on runoff was 1.836 m~3/(km~2·h), showing that both woodland and grassland had the function of intercepting runoff, and the role of woodland was greater than that of grassland. The influence coefficient of cultivated land on runoff was 3.168 m~3/(km~2·h), indicating that cultivated land played an important role in increasing runoff. Therefore, reasonable development of cultivated land resources, protection of forestland and grassland resources are conducive to improving the ecological environment quality of Zhangjiakou Qingshui River basin.
Land use is an important factor affecting regional climate and environmental change. Based on 3 S technology, we analyzed the characteristics of land use types change in Qingshuihe basin of Zhangjiakou over the past 25 years. The SWAT model was established and its applicability in the Qingshuihe basin of Zhangjiakou was evaluated. Five land use change scenarios were set up to quantitatively analyze the impact of main land use types on runoff in the Qingshuihe basin of Zhangjiakou. The results showed that SWAT model had good applicability in Zhangjiakou Qingshuihe basin. From 1990 to 2015, the main land use types of Qingshuihe basin in Zhangjiakou were woodland, grassland and cultivated land. In the meanwhile, the sum of the three types of land use area accounted for more than 96% of the total basin area. The influence coefficient of woodland on runoff was 1.908 m~3/(km~2·h), and the influence coefficient of grassland on runoff was 1.836 m~3/(km~2·h), showing that both woodland and grassland had the function of intercepting runoff, and the role of woodland was greater than that of grassland. The influence coefficient of cultivated land on runoff was 3.168 m~3/(km~2·h), indicating that cultivated land played an important role in increasing runoff. Therefore, reasonable development of cultivated land resources, protection of forestland and grassland resources are conducive to improving the ecological environment quality of Zhangjiakou Qingshui River basin.
引文
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[23] 邵辉.渭河流域水土流失变化对梯田措施响应的模拟研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[24] 张晶楠.AVSWAT模型在河北省平原区的水文模拟研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[25] 李鸿儒,卢远,何文.钦江流域土地利用/覆被变化对径流产沙的影响[J].中国水土保持,2016(4):40-43.
[26] 赵素霞.基于多目标决策的耕地保有量目标预测研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(17):4219-4222,4243.
[27] 孟现勇,师春香,刘时银,等.CMADS数据集及其在流域水文模型中的驱动作用:以黑河流域为例[J].人民珠江,2016,37(7):1-19.
[28] 孟现勇,吉晓楠,刘志辉,等.SWAT模型融雪模块的改进与应用研究[J].自然资源学报,2014(3):528-539.
[29] Xianyong M,Danlin Y U,Zhihui L,et al.Energy balance-based SWAT model to simulate the mountain snowmelt and runoff-taking the application in juntanghu watershed(China)as an example[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2015,12(2):368-381.
[30] 孟现勇,王浩,刘志辉,等.基于CLDAS强迫CLM3.5模式的新疆区域土壤温度陆面过程模拟及验证[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):979-995.
[31] 陈曼雨,崔远来,郑世宗,等.基于SWAT模型的农业面源污染尺度效应研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):187-191.
[32] 刘闻.基于SWAT模型的水文模拟及径流响应分析[D].西安:西北大学,2014.
[33] 李晓娟.基于SWAT模型的沣河流域土地利用变化对径流的影响[D].西安:西北大学,2016.
[34] 唐丽霞,张志强,王新杰,等.晋西黄土高原丘陵沟壑区清水河流域径流对土地利用与气候变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(7):800-810.
[35] 杜金龙,朱记伟,解建仓,等.近25 a关中地区土地利用及其景观格局变化[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(1):217-226.
[36] 黎明.基于SWAT的北江流域土地覆盖及气象条件变化的水文响应模拟研究[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院,2015.
[37] 李帅,魏虹,刘媛,等.气候与土地利用变化下宁夏清水河流域径流模拟[J].生态学报,2017,37(4):1252-1260.
[2] 亢健.湟水流域土地利用/覆被变化下的水文响应研究[D].西宁:青海师范大学,2010.
[3] 张冠华,张平仓,张晓峰.三峡库区土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动力研究进展[J].中国水土保持,2017(5):47-51.
[4] Santillan J,Makinano M,Paringit E.Integrated landsat image analysis and hydrologic modeling to detect impacts of 25-year land-cover change on surface runoff in a philippine watershed remote sensing[J].2011,3(6):1067-1087.
[5] 杨宏伟,许崇育.东江流域典型子流域土地利用/覆被变化对地表径流影响[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(6):991-996.
[6] Cuo L,Lettenmaier D P,Alberti M,et al.Effects of a century of land cover and climate change on the hydrology of the Puget Sound basin[J].Hydrological Processes,2009,23(6):907-933.
[7] Guo H,Hu Q,Jiang T.Annual and seasonal streamflow responses to climate and land-cover changes in the Poyang Lake basin,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,355(1/4):106-122.
[8] Nosetto M D,Jobbagy E G,Paruelo J M.Land-use change and water losses:the case of grassland afforestation across a soil textural gradient in central Argentina[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(7):1101-1117.
[9] Prokop P,Sarkar S.Natural and human impact on land use change of the Sikkimese-Bhutanese Himalayan Piedmont,India[J].Quaestiones Geographicae,2012,31(3):63-75.
[10] 罗巧,王克林,王勤学.基于SWAT模型的湘江流域土地利用变化情景的径流模拟研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1431-1436.
[11] 王学,张祖陆,宁吉才.基于SWAT模型的白马河流域土地利用变化的径流响应[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(1):186-194.
[12] 陈引珍,程金花,张洪江,等.清港河流域土地利用变化对径流的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(4):38-43.
[13] 李勇.汾河水库流域土地利用变化对径流影响研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2014.
[14] 尹刚,王宁,袁星,等.基于SWAT模型的图们江流域氮磷营养物非点源污染研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(4):704-710.
[15] 陈昌春.变化环境下江西省干旱特征与径流变化研究[D].南京:南京大学,2013.
[16] 黄沛然,汤玲英.基于SWAT模型的金华江上游土地利用变化对径流影响的研究[J].水资源开发与管理,2017(4):64-69.
[17] 王鑫杰.基于SWAT模型的杭埠河流域农业非点源污染分析[D].天津:天津大学,2012.
[18] 刘科家.改进SWAT模型在锑矿区土水界面流锑污染负荷模拟中的应用研究[D].湖南湘潭:湖南科技大学,2015.
[19] 吕梦醒,张展羽,冯宝平,等.基于SWAT模型的浊漳河干流灌溉制度优化研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(1):90-95.
[20] 谢金红.安徽省大别山区小流域水文响应模拟与分析[D].安徽芜湖:安徽师范大学,2012.
[21] 郭正鑫.基于GIS流域水质水量联合调控系统的实现与应用[D].济南:山东师范大学,2009.
[22] 姚海芳,师长兴,邵文伟,等.基于SWAT的内蒙古西柳沟孔兑径流模拟研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(6):139-144.
[23] 邵辉.渭河流域水土流失变化对梯田措施响应的模拟研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[24] 张晶楠.AVSWAT模型在河北省平原区的水文模拟研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[25] 李鸿儒,卢远,何文.钦江流域土地利用/覆被变化对径流产沙的影响[J].中国水土保持,2016(4):40-43.
[26] 赵素霞.基于多目标决策的耕地保有量目标预测研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(17):4219-4222,4243.
[27] 孟现勇,师春香,刘时银,等.CMADS数据集及其在流域水文模型中的驱动作用:以黑河流域为例[J].人民珠江,2016,37(7):1-19.
[28] 孟现勇,吉晓楠,刘志辉,等.SWAT模型融雪模块的改进与应用研究[J].自然资源学报,2014(3):528-539.
[29] Xianyong M,Danlin Y U,Zhihui L,et al.Energy balance-based SWAT model to simulate the mountain snowmelt and runoff-taking the application in juntanghu watershed(China)as an example[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2015,12(2):368-381.
[30] 孟现勇,王浩,刘志辉,等.基于CLDAS强迫CLM3.5模式的新疆区域土壤温度陆面过程模拟及验证[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):979-995.
[31] 陈曼雨,崔远来,郑世宗,等.基于SWAT模型的农业面源污染尺度效应研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):187-191.
[32] 刘闻.基于SWAT模型的水文模拟及径流响应分析[D].西安:西北大学,2014.
[33] 李晓娟.基于SWAT模型的沣河流域土地利用变化对径流的影响[D].西安:西北大学,2016.
[34] 唐丽霞,张志强,王新杰,等.晋西黄土高原丘陵沟壑区清水河流域径流对土地利用与气候变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(7):800-810.
[35] 杜金龙,朱记伟,解建仓,等.近25 a关中地区土地利用及其景观格局变化[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(1):217-226.
[36] 黎明.基于SWAT的北江流域土地覆盖及气象条件变化的水文响应模拟研究[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院,2015.
[37] 李帅,魏虹,刘媛,等.气候与土地利用变化下宁夏清水河流域径流模拟[J].生态学报,2017,37(4):1252-1260.