不同播期对紫云英“信紫1号”生长状况、产量及养分积累的影响
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摘要
在田间试验条件下,依据水稻收获时间设置了8月20日、8月30日、9月9日、9月19日、9月29日5个紫云英播期,研究不同播期对紫云英新品种"信紫1号"生长状况、产草量、种子产量、养分积累及生态效应的影响。结果表明,播期对紫云英苗期的生长状况影响比较明显,苗期时紫云英的株高、分枝数、地上部和地下部干重均随播期的推迟而降低,不同播期株高和地上部干重均差异显著。盛花期时不同播期紫云英株高和分枝数已无显著差异,地上部和地下部干重还有一定的差异。8月20日至9月9日播种有利于获得较高的地上部产草量,9月9日播种的紫云英地上部干重最高(4 354.22 kg/hm~2)。9月19日至29日播种能够获得较高种子产量,9月19日播种的种子产量最高(1 080 kg/hm2)。8月20日至9月9日播种有利于紫云英养分的积累,养分积累的主成分分析表明,9月9日播种是获得较高紫云英养分积累的最佳播期。紫云英地上部碳、氮、硫的最大积累量分别为1 952.05、197.48、26.61 kg/hm~2,固定碳、氮的能力较强,对大气中硫化物的净化也有一定的效果,适当早播有利于提高紫云英的生态效应。综上所述,本试验条件下紫云英新品种"信紫1号"8月20日至9月9日播种有利于获得较高的产草量、养分积累量及生态效应,9月19日至29日播种能够获得较高的种子产量。
Chinese milk vetch is a very important winter green manure in the rice field of south China.Planting and incorporating Chinese milk vetch can promote soil fertility and rice yield,as well as decrease nitrogen lose and greenhouse gases emission.Suitable sowing date is important to Chinese milk vetch.A field experiment was conducted to study effects of sowing date on Chinese milk vetch growth,yield and nutrients accumulation.Depending on rice harvest time,five dates were set,including August 20~(th),August 30~(th),September 9~(th),September 19~(th) and September 29~(th).Results showed that effects were obvious during the seeding stage,in which shoot height,branches number,shoot and root dry mass decreased as the sowing date postponed.There was no significant difference for shoot height and branches number among different sowing date treatments during flowering period,but the shoot and root dry mass had difference.More grasses were obtained if an earlier sowing date was set.September 9~(th) gained higher grasses(4 354.22 kg/hm~2) than other four treatments and the difference was significant.More seeds were gained if sowing date was postponed and September 19~(th) gathered the most seeds(1 080 kg/hm~2).An earlier sowing date(September 9 th) contributed to more nutrients accumulation and PCA(Principal Components Analysis) for nutrients showed that September 9 thwas the best sowing date for nutrients accumulation.The maximum carbon,nitrogen,sulfur of Chinese milk vetch accumulated were 1 952.05,197.48,26.61 kg/hm~2,respectively,which demonstrated that it had ecological effect,stronger fixation for carbon and nitrogen,but was a little weaker for sulfur.In conclusion,an earlier sowing date(September 9~(th)) was the best choice to gain a higher grass-yield,nutrients accumulation and a better ecological effect and a later sowing date(September 19~(th)) conduced to a higher seeds-yield in this study.
Chinese milk vetch is a very important winter green manure in the rice field of south China.Planting and incorporating Chinese milk vetch can promote soil fertility and rice yield,as well as decrease nitrogen lose and greenhouse gases emission.Suitable sowing date is important to Chinese milk vetch.A field experiment was conducted to study effects of sowing date on Chinese milk vetch growth,yield and nutrients accumulation.Depending on rice harvest time,five dates were set,including August 20~(th),August 30~(th),September 9~(th),September 19~(th) and September 29~(th).Results showed that effects were obvious during the seeding stage,in which shoot height,branches number,shoot and root dry mass decreased as the sowing date postponed.There was no significant difference for shoot height and branches number among different sowing date treatments during flowering period,but the shoot and root dry mass had difference.More grasses were obtained if an earlier sowing date was set.September 9~(th) gained higher grasses(4 354.22 kg/hm~2) than other four treatments and the difference was significant.More seeds were gained if sowing date was postponed and September 19~(th) gathered the most seeds(1 080 kg/hm~2).An earlier sowing date(September 9 th) contributed to more nutrients accumulation and PCA(Principal Components Analysis) for nutrients showed that September 9 thwas the best sowing date for nutrients accumulation.The maximum carbon,nitrogen,sulfur of Chinese milk vetch accumulated were 1 952.05,197.48,26.61 kg/hm~2,respectively,which demonstrated that it had ecological effect,stronger fixation for carbon and nitrogen,but was a little weaker for sulfur.In conclusion,an earlier sowing date(September 9~(th)) was the best choice to gain a higher grass-yield,nutrients accumulation and a better ecological effect and a later sowing date(September 19~(th)) conduced to a higher seeds-yield in this study.
引文
[1]林新坚,曹卫东,吴一群,等.紫云英研究进展[J].草业科学,2011,28(1):135-140.
[2]刘春增,李本银,吕玉虎,等.紫云英还田对土壤肥力、水稻产量及其经济效益的影响[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(5):96-99.
[3]颜志雷,方宇,陈济琛,等.连年翻压紫云英对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1150-1160.
[4]刘春增,刘小粉,李本银,等.紫云英还田对水稻产量、土壤团聚性及其有机碳和全氮分布的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(6):224-228.
[5]张珺穜,曹卫东,徐昌旭,等.种植利用紫云英对稻田土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012,(1):19-25.
[6]卢萍,单玉华,杨林章,等.绿肥轮作还田对稻田土壤溶液氮素变化及水稻产量的影响[J].土壤,2006,38(3):270-275.
[7]袁嫚嫚,刘勤,张少磊,等.太湖地区稻田绿肥固氮量及绿肥还田对水稻产量和稻田土壤氮素特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(4):797-803.
[8]熊正琴,邢光熹,鹤田志雄,等.冬季耕作制度对农田氧化亚氮排放的贡献[J].南京农业大学学报,2002,(4):49-52.
[9]Sang Y K,Jessie G,Pil J K.Considering winter cover crop selection as green manure to control methane emission during rice cultivation in paddy soil[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2012,161:130-136.
[10]刘春增,吕玉虎,潘兹亮,等.高产优质紫云英新品种信紫1号的选育[J].河南农业科学,2010,(11):42-44.
[11]曾庆飞,孙兆敏,贾志宽,等.不同播期对紫花苜蓿生长性状及越冬性的影响研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(5):1007-1011.
[12]李琪,谢萍,李剑萍,等.不同播期对宁夏粉用马铃薯生长和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):220-226.
[13]廖桂平,官春云.不同播期对不同基因型油菜产量特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):853-858.
[14]潘福霞,李小坤,鲁剑魏,等.不同播期对紫云英生长及物质养分积累的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(1):67-72.
[15]张哲,黄璜,刘洋.跨季节种植紫云英适宜播期的选择[J].现代农业科技,2010,4:303-305.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[17]李长喜.紫云英菌核病的发生与防治[J].河南农林科技,1979,(12):1-3.
[18]周志明,张立平,曹卫东,等.冬绿肥-春玉米农田生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(4):597-604.
[19]王丽宏,胡跃高,杨光立,等.南方冬季覆盖作物的碳蓄积及其对水稻产量的影响[J].生态环境,2006,15(3):616-619.
[20]谢昭良,张腾飞,陈鑫珠,等.冬闲田种植2种燕麦的营养价值及土壤肥力研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):47-53.
[21]林多胡,顾荣申.中国紫云英[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,2008.46-51,69-84.
[22]王飞,林诚,林新坚,等.连续翻压紫云英对福建单季稻产量与化肥氮素吸收、分配及残留的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):869-904.
[23]王建红,曹凯,张贤.紫云英还田配施化肥对单季晚稻养分利用和产量的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):888-896.
[24]万水霞,朱宏斌,唐杉,等.紫云英与化肥配施对安徽沿江双季稻区土壤生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):387-395.
[25]谢瑞芝,董树亭,胡昌浩.植物硫素营养研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(2):65-69.
[26]焦彬.中国绿肥[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.145-154.
[27]林新坚,兰忠明,张辉,等.不同紫云英基因型根系分泌物中有机酸成分分析[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):146-152.
[28]陆文龙,曹一平,张福锁.根分泌的有机酸对土壤磷和微量元素的活化作用[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(3):379-382.
[2]刘春增,李本银,吕玉虎,等.紫云英还田对土壤肥力、水稻产量及其经济效益的影响[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(5):96-99.
[3]颜志雷,方宇,陈济琛,等.连年翻压紫云英对稻田土壤养分和微生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1150-1160.
[4]刘春增,刘小粉,李本银,等.紫云英还田对水稻产量、土壤团聚性及其有机碳和全氮分布的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(6):224-228.
[5]张珺穜,曹卫东,徐昌旭,等.种植利用紫云英对稻田土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012,(1):19-25.
[6]卢萍,单玉华,杨林章,等.绿肥轮作还田对稻田土壤溶液氮素变化及水稻产量的影响[J].土壤,2006,38(3):270-275.
[7]袁嫚嫚,刘勤,张少磊,等.太湖地区稻田绿肥固氮量及绿肥还田对水稻产量和稻田土壤氮素特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(4):797-803.
[8]熊正琴,邢光熹,鹤田志雄,等.冬季耕作制度对农田氧化亚氮排放的贡献[J].南京农业大学学报,2002,(4):49-52.
[9]Sang Y K,Jessie G,Pil J K.Considering winter cover crop selection as green manure to control methane emission during rice cultivation in paddy soil[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2012,161:130-136.
[10]刘春增,吕玉虎,潘兹亮,等.高产优质紫云英新品种信紫1号的选育[J].河南农业科学,2010,(11):42-44.
[11]曾庆飞,孙兆敏,贾志宽,等.不同播期对紫花苜蓿生长性状及越冬性的影响研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(5):1007-1011.
[12]李琪,谢萍,李剑萍,等.不同播期对宁夏粉用马铃薯生长和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):220-226.
[13]廖桂平,官春云.不同播期对不同基因型油菜产量特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):853-858.
[14]潘福霞,李小坤,鲁剑魏,等.不同播期对紫云英生长及物质养分积累的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(1):67-72.
[15]张哲,黄璜,刘洋.跨季节种植紫云英适宜播期的选择[J].现代农业科技,2010,4:303-305.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[17]李长喜.紫云英菌核病的发生与防治[J].河南农林科技,1979,(12):1-3.
[18]周志明,张立平,曹卫东,等.冬绿肥-春玉米农田生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(4):597-604.
[19]王丽宏,胡跃高,杨光立,等.南方冬季覆盖作物的碳蓄积及其对水稻产量的影响[J].生态环境,2006,15(3):616-619.
[20]谢昭良,张腾飞,陈鑫珠,等.冬闲田种植2种燕麦的营养价值及土壤肥力研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):47-53.
[21]林多胡,顾荣申.中国紫云英[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,2008.46-51,69-84.
[22]王飞,林诚,林新坚,等.连续翻压紫云英对福建单季稻产量与化肥氮素吸收、分配及残留的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):869-904.
[23]王建红,曹凯,张贤.紫云英还田配施化肥对单季晚稻养分利用和产量的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):888-896.
[24]万水霞,朱宏斌,唐杉,等.紫云英与化肥配施对安徽沿江双季稻区土壤生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):387-395.
[25]谢瑞芝,董树亭,胡昌浩.植物硫素营养研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(2):65-69.
[26]焦彬.中国绿肥[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.145-154.
[27]林新坚,兰忠明,张辉,等.不同紫云英基因型根系分泌物中有机酸成分分析[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):146-152.
[28]陆文龙,曹一平,张福锁.根分泌的有机酸对土壤磷和微量元素的活化作用[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(3):379-382.