控释尿素施用方式对玉米穗位叶氮代谢的影响
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摘要
试验通过设置4种尿素施用方式,即控释尿素侧施5 cm(C5)和10 cm(C10),控释尿素底施15 cm(CB),普通尿素侧施5 cm(U5),研究其对玉米穗位叶可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量,以及硝酸还原酶、内肽酶和羧肽酶活性的影响。结果表明,与常规尿素相比较,控释尿素深施能够显著提高玉米灌浆中后期穗位叶可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量,以及硝酸还原酶和蛋白水解酶活性;4个处理中以底施效果最优,其次是侧施10 cm。
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer placement techniques of controlled-released urea on ear leaf nitrogen metabolism, four fertilization methods were set up, which included the controlled-release urea side application of5 cm(C5) and 10 cm(C10) depth, bottom dressing of controlled-release urea in 15 cm(CB) depth, and inter-row side dressing of normal urea in 5 cm(U5)depth; soluble protein content, free amino acid content, nitrate reductase activity(NR), endopeptidase activity(EP) and carboxypeptidase activity(CP) were evaluated. The results showed that compared with conventional urea, the application of controlled-released urea could significantly increase the content of soluble protein and free amino acid, as well as the activity of nitrate reductase and proteolytic enzyme in ear leaf of maize grout in the middle and late stage. In the four treatments, the treatment that bottom dressing of controlled-release urea in 15 cm(CB) was the best fertilizer placement techniques, the second was the controlled-release urea side application of 10 cm(C10).
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer placement techniques of controlled-released urea on ear leaf nitrogen metabolism, four fertilization methods were set up, which included the controlled-release urea side application of5 cm(C5) and 10 cm(C10) depth, bottom dressing of controlled-release urea in 15 cm(CB) depth, and inter-row side dressing of normal urea in 5 cm(U5)depth; soluble protein content, free amino acid content, nitrate reductase activity(NR), endopeptidase activity(EP) and carboxypeptidase activity(CP) were evaluated. The results showed that compared with conventional urea, the application of controlled-released urea could significantly increase the content of soluble protein and free amino acid, as well as the activity of nitrate reductase and proteolytic enzyme in ear leaf of maize grout in the middle and late stage. In the four treatments, the treatment that bottom dressing of controlled-release urea in 15 cm(CB) was the best fertilizer placement techniques, the second was the controlled-release urea side application of 10 cm(C10).
引文
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[15]邵国庆,李增嘉,宁堂原,等.不同水分条件下常规尿素和控释尿素对玉米根冠生长及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(1):118-123.
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[19]ZENG Shucai, SU Zhiyao, CHEN Beiguang, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from orchard soils in South China as affected by fertilization depths and rates[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(1):45-53.
[20]ANDREW J R, FRED E B, RICHARD H H. Grain protein accumulation and the relationship between leaf nitrate reductase and protease activities during grain development in maize(Zea mays L.):I. variation between genotypes[J]. Plant physiol,1980, 66:164-170.
[21]DECHARD E L. Nitrate reductase assays as prediction test for crosses and lines in soring wheat[J]. Crop sci, 1978, 18:289-294.
[22]CHEN S H, KAO C H. The role of proteolytic enzymes in protein degradation during senescence of rice leaves[J]. Physiol plant, 1984, 62:231-237.
[23]王月福,于振文,李尚霞,等.氮素营养水平对小麦旗叶衰老过程中蛋白质和核酸代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(2):178-183.
[24]王旭东,于振文,王东.钾对小麦旗叶蛋白水解酶活性和籽粒品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):285-289.
[25]焦念元,李吉明,汪江涛,等.氮磷对玉米花生间作蛋白质与氮代谢特点的影响[J].作物杂志,2014(6):99-105.
[2]苏胜齐,王正银,张敏,等.缓释复合肥与覆膜旱作对水稻氮素营养的效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):45-49.
[3]URS F,ANDREAS F. Nitrogen metabolism in senescing leaves[J]. Crit rev plant sci, 1994, 13:241-273.
[4]HUFFAKER R C.Proteolytic activity during senescence of plants[J].New phytologist,1990,116(2):199-231.
[5]高玲,叶茂炳,徐朗莱,等.小麦叶片老化期间内肽酶活力上升的影响因素[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(3):102-104.
[6]OGOLA J B O, WHEELER T R, HARRIS P M. Effects of nitrogen and irrigation on water use of maize crops[J]. Field crops research, 2002, 78:105-117.
[7]易镇邪,王璞,张红芳,等.氮肥类型与施用量对夏玉米生长发育及氮肥利用的影响[J].华北农学报,2006,21(1):115-120.
[8]苏琳,董志新,邵国庆,等.控释尿素施用方式及用量对夏玉米氮肥效率和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):915-920.
[9]王东,于振文,王旭东.硫素对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质积累的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(6):878-883.
[10]MARION M B. A Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein using the principle of protein-dye binding[J]. Anal biochem, 1976, 72:248-254.
[11]何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[12]VERNON A W. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and protenlytic activity in wheat leafs from anthesis through senescence[J]. Plant physiol, 1979, 64:884-887.
[13]吴光南,刘宝仁,张金瑜.水稻叶片蛋白水解酶的某些理化特性及其与衰老的关系[J].江苏农业学报,1985,1(1):1-10.
[14]邵蕾,张民,王丽霞.不同控释肥类型及施肥方式对肥料利用率和氮素平衡的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):115-119.
[15]邵国庆,李增嘉,宁堂原,等.不同水分条件下常规尿素和控释尿素对玉米根冠生长及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(1):118-123.
[16]SHOJI S. Innovative use of controlled availability fertilizers with high performance for intensive agriculture and environmental conservation[J].Science in China(Series C:Life Sciences),2005,48(S2):912-920.
[17]LI Jiangun Y,HUA Quanxian,TAN Jinfang,et al. Mineral coated fertilizer effect on Nitrogen-Use efficiency and yield of wheat[J].Pedosphere,2005,15(4):526-531.
[18]邵国庆,李增嘉,宁堂原,等.灌溉和尿素类型对玉米水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):58-63.
[19]ZENG Shucai, SU Zhiyao, CHEN Beiguang, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from orchard soils in South China as affected by fertilization depths and rates[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(1):45-53.
[20]ANDREW J R, FRED E B, RICHARD H H. Grain protein accumulation and the relationship between leaf nitrate reductase and protease activities during grain development in maize(Zea mays L.):I. variation between genotypes[J]. Plant physiol,1980, 66:164-170.
[21]DECHARD E L. Nitrate reductase assays as prediction test for crosses and lines in soring wheat[J]. Crop sci, 1978, 18:289-294.
[22]CHEN S H, KAO C H. The role of proteolytic enzymes in protein degradation during senescence of rice leaves[J]. Physiol plant, 1984, 62:231-237.
[23]王月福,于振文,李尚霞,等.氮素营养水平对小麦旗叶衰老过程中蛋白质和核酸代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(2):178-183.
[24]王旭东,于振文,王东.钾对小麦旗叶蛋白水解酶活性和籽粒品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):285-289.
[25]焦念元,李吉明,汪江涛,等.氮磷对玉米花生间作蛋白质与氮代谢特点的影响[J].作物杂志,2014(6):99-105.