丁酸梭菌和乳酸菌对青年鸽免疫指标、血清抗氧化指标及肠道功能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌和乳酸菌对青年鸽免疫性能、血清抗氧化指标、小肠消化酶活性和肠道形态的影响。选取80日龄左右的雌性青年鸽384只,将其随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只。其中A组饲喂基础日粮,B、C和D组分别在基础日粮中添加1×10~8 CFU/kg丁酸梭菌、5×10~9 CFU/kg乳酸菌和5×10~9 CFU/kg乳酸菌+1×10~8 CFU/kg丁酸梭菌。预试期7 d,试验期28 d。结果表明:①与A组相比,B、C、D组脾脏指数和法氏囊指数均有所提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。②与A组相比,B、C、D组青年鸽血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及总抗氧能力(T-AOC)均显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);与B、C组相比,D组血清T-AOC及CAT、GSH-Px活性均显著提高(P<0.05)。③与A组相比,B、D组十二指肠内胰蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),D组脂肪酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。④与A组相比,D组十二指肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),B组十二指肠及D组十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值均显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,在日粮中添加丁酸梭菌和乳酸菌有利于改善青年鸽肠道形态,提高小肠消化酶活性及血清抗氧化能力,从而增强青年鸽的免疫力。
The study was designed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus on immune performance,serum antioxidant indexes and intestinal function in young pigeons.384 female young pigeons about 80 days old were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 16 young pigeons per replicate.Among them,group A was fed with basal diet,and groups B,C and D were added 1×10~8 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,5×10~9 CFU/kg Lactobacillus,5×10~9 CFU/kg Lactobacillus+1×10~8 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate in the basal diet,respectively.The preliminary trial period was 7 d and the trial period was 28 d.The results showed that:①Compared with group A,the spleen index and bursa of Fabricius index in groups B,C,D were increased but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).②Compared with group A,the serum CAT,SOD,T-AOC and GSH-Px of young pigeons in groups B,C,D were significantly increased(P<0.05),the content of MDA were significantly decreased(P<0.05);Compared with groups B,C,the serum CAT,T-AOC and GSH-Px of group D were significantly increased(P<0.05).③Compared with group A,the activity of trypsin in duodenum of groups B and D were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the activity of lipase of group D was significantly increased(P<0.05).④Compared with group A,the duodenal crypt depth in group D was significantly decreased(P<0.05),The ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum in groups B and D,and that of ileum in group D were significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus to diets could improve the intestinal morphology,increase the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and enhance the serum antioxidation ability of young pigeons,thereby enhance the immunity of young pigeons.
The study was designed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus on immune performance,serum antioxidant indexes and intestinal function in young pigeons.384 female young pigeons about 80 days old were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 16 young pigeons per replicate.Among them,group A was fed with basal diet,and groups B,C and D were added 1×10~8 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,5×10~9 CFU/kg Lactobacillus,5×10~9 CFU/kg Lactobacillus+1×10~8 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate in the basal diet,respectively.The preliminary trial period was 7 d and the trial period was 28 d.The results showed that:①Compared with group A,the spleen index and bursa of Fabricius index in groups B,C,D were increased but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).②Compared with group A,the serum CAT,SOD,T-AOC and GSH-Px of young pigeons in groups B,C,D were significantly increased(P<0.05),the content of MDA were significantly decreased(P<0.05);Compared with groups B,C,the serum CAT,T-AOC and GSH-Px of group D were significantly increased(P<0.05).③Compared with group A,the activity of trypsin in duodenum of groups B and D were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the activity of lipase of group D was significantly increased(P<0.05).④Compared with group A,the duodenal crypt depth in group D was significantly decreased(P<0.05),The ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum in groups B and D,and that of ileum in group D were significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus to diets could improve the intestinal morphology,increase the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and enhance the serum antioxidation ability of young pigeons,thereby enhance the immunity of young pigeons.
引文
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[5] 靳二辉,陈耀星,王群,等.芽孢杆菌类益生素对肉鸡血细胞及免疫器官组织结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(5):778-787.JIN E H,CHEN Y X,WANG Q,et al.Effects of the Bacillus probiotics on blood cells and structure of immune organs in broilers[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2013,44(5):778-787.(in Chinese)
[6] ISOLAURI E,SUTAS Y,KANKAANPAA P,et al.Probiotics:Effects on immunity[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2001,72(2):444-450.
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[8] 田浪,何彦侠,侯月娥,等.复合益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(8):1540-1544.TIAN L,HE Y X,HOU Y E,et al.Effects of dietary mixed probiotics on the growth performance,antioxidant activity and immune function in Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2017,37(8):1540-1544.(in Chinese)
[9] LI W F,ZHANG X P,SONG W H,et al.Effects of Bacillus preparations on immunity and antioxidant activities in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2012,38(6):1585-1592.
[10] JAHNS F,WILHELM A,JABLONOWSKI N,et al.Butyrate modulates antioxidant enzyme expression in malignant and non-malignant human colon tissues[J].Molecular Carcinogenesis,2015,54(4):249-260.
[11] HAMER H M,JONKERS D M,BAST A,et al.Butyrate modulates oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa of healthy humans[J].Clinical Nutrition,2009,28(1):88-93.
[12] OHSAWA I,ISHIKAWA M,TAKAHASHI K,et al.Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals[J].Nature Medicine,2007,13(6):688-694.
[13] TRUUSALU K,NAABER P,KULLISAAR T,et al.The influence of antibacterial and antioxidative probiotic Lactobacilli on gut mucosa in a mouse model of salmonella infection[J].Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease,2004,16(4):180-187.
[14] CHAUHAN R,VASANTHAKUMARI A S,PANWAR H,et al.Amelioration of colitis in mouse model by exploring antioxidative potentials of an indigenous probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1[J].Biomed Research International,2014,3:1-12.
[15] 段颖,赵玉鑫,潘翠玲,等.富硒益生菌对蛋鸡抗氧化能力和肠道菌群及消化酶活性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2010,33(2):68-72.DUAN Y,ZHAO Y X,PAN C L,et al.Effects of selenium enriched probiotics on antioxidative capacity,intestinal microflora and digestive enzyme activities in laying hens[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2010,33(2):68-72.(in Chinese)
[16] 包鹏云,李璐瑶,陈炜,等.饲料中添加混合益生菌对幼参生长、消化酶活力和体壁营养组成的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):52-56.BAO P Y,LI L Y,CHEN W,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics on growth,digestive enzyme activity and nutrient profile of body wall in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2018,33(1):52-56.(in Chinese)
[17] JIN L Z,HO Y W,ABDULLAH N,et al.Digestive and bacterial enzyme activities in broilers fed diets supplemented with Lactobacillus cultures[J].Poultry Science,2000,79:886-891.
[18] 奚雨萌,吴凡,杨榛,等.益生茵及有机酸复合制剂对青脚麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及消化代谢的影响[J].中国家禽,2014,36(24):30-37.XI Y M,WU F,YANG Z,et al.Effects of dietary compound preparation with probiotics and organic acids on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and digestive metabolism in Cyan-shank Partridge chicken[J].China Poultry,2014,36(24):30-37.(in Chinese)
[19] 张秀江,胡虹,张永战,等.丁酸梭菌对仔猪和生长肥育猪生产性能的影响研究[J].河南科学,2015,33(10):1745-1749.ZHANG X J,HU H,ZHANG Y Z,et al.The effect of Clostridium butyricum on production performances of piglets and growing finishing pig[J].Henan Science,2015,33(10):1745-1749.(in Chinese)
[20] 仵天培.果聚糖、NSP酶和益生菌对三黄鸡生产性能、血清指标、肠道形态和菌群的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2012.WU T P.Effects of FOS,NSP enzyme and probiotics on production performance,blood serum index,intestinal microflora and morphology of Three-Yellow chicken[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2012.(in Chinese)
[21] 谢文惠,姜宁,王鑫,等.复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1495-1503.XIE W H,JIANG N,WANG X,et al.Effects of compound probiotics on nutrient apparent availability,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal mucosa morphological structure of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(4):1495-1503.(in Chinese)
[22] SAMANYA M,YAMAUCHI K E.Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var.Natto[J].Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2002,133(1):95-104.
[23] 刘婷婷,张帅,邓斐月,等.谷氨酰胺与丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能、小肠形态和肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(6):998-1005.LIU T T,ZHANG S,DENG P Y,et al.Effects of glutamine and Clostridium butyricum on growth performance,immune function,small intestinal morphology and microflora in weanling piglets [J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(6):998-1005.(in Chinese)
[2] 陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.复合益生菌对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响 [J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2384-2390.CHEN X S,YANG H M,MENG J,et al.Effects of compound probiotics on growth performance,slaughter performance,immune organ index and serum biochemical parameters of squabs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(7):2384-2390.(in Chinese)
[3] 袁文华,李国勤,赵文文,等.益生菌对乳鸽生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(11):4721-4728.YUAN W H,LI G Q,ZHAO W W,et al.Effects of probiotics on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal function of squabs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(11):4721-4728.(in Chinese)
[4] 李龙.藏鸡源乳酸菌和红景天对肉鸡生产性能、腹水敏感性和肠道功能的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.LI L.Effects of Tibet chicken probiotics and Rhodiola on growth performance,ascites susceptibility and intestinal function of broilers[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2015.(in Chinese)
[5] 靳二辉,陈耀星,王群,等.芽孢杆菌类益生素对肉鸡血细胞及免疫器官组织结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(5):778-787.JIN E H,CHEN Y X,WANG Q,et al.Effects of the Bacillus probiotics on blood cells and structure of immune organs in broilers[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2013,44(5):778-787.(in Chinese)
[6] ISOLAURI E,SUTAS Y,KANKAANPAA P,et al.Probiotics:Effects on immunity[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2001,72(2):444-450.
[7] 余东游,毛翔飞,秦艳,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):22-25.YU D Y,MAO X F,QIN Y,et al.Effects of B.subtilis on growth performance,antioxidant and immunity of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2010,46(3):22-25.(in Chinese)
[8] 田浪,何彦侠,侯月娥,等.复合益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(8):1540-1544.TIAN L,HE Y X,HOU Y E,et al.Effects of dietary mixed probiotics on the growth performance,antioxidant activity and immune function in Yellow-feathered broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2017,37(8):1540-1544.(in Chinese)
[9] LI W F,ZHANG X P,SONG W H,et al.Effects of Bacillus preparations on immunity and antioxidant activities in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2012,38(6):1585-1592.
[10] JAHNS F,WILHELM A,JABLONOWSKI N,et al.Butyrate modulates antioxidant enzyme expression in malignant and non-malignant human colon tissues[J].Molecular Carcinogenesis,2015,54(4):249-260.
[11] HAMER H M,JONKERS D M,BAST A,et al.Butyrate modulates oxidative stress in the colonic mucosa of healthy humans[J].Clinical Nutrition,2009,28(1):88-93.
[12] OHSAWA I,ISHIKAWA M,TAKAHASHI K,et al.Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals[J].Nature Medicine,2007,13(6):688-694.
[13] TRUUSALU K,NAABER P,KULLISAAR T,et al.The influence of antibacterial and antioxidative probiotic Lactobacilli on gut mucosa in a mouse model of salmonella infection[J].Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease,2004,16(4):180-187.
[14] CHAUHAN R,VASANTHAKUMARI A S,PANWAR H,et al.Amelioration of colitis in mouse model by exploring antioxidative potentials of an indigenous probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1[J].Biomed Research International,2014,3:1-12.
[15] 段颖,赵玉鑫,潘翠玲,等.富硒益生菌对蛋鸡抗氧化能力和肠道菌群及消化酶活性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2010,33(2):68-72.DUAN Y,ZHAO Y X,PAN C L,et al.Effects of selenium enriched probiotics on antioxidative capacity,intestinal microflora and digestive enzyme activities in laying hens[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2010,33(2):68-72.(in Chinese)
[16] 包鹏云,李璐瑶,陈炜,等.饲料中添加混合益生菌对幼参生长、消化酶活力和体壁营养组成的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):52-56.BAO P Y,LI L Y,CHEN W,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics on growth,digestive enzyme activity and nutrient profile of body wall in juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2018,33(1):52-56.(in Chinese)
[17] JIN L Z,HO Y W,ABDULLAH N,et al.Digestive and bacterial enzyme activities in broilers fed diets supplemented with Lactobacillus cultures[J].Poultry Science,2000,79:886-891.
[18] 奚雨萌,吴凡,杨榛,等.益生茵及有机酸复合制剂对青脚麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及消化代谢的影响[J].中国家禽,2014,36(24):30-37.XI Y M,WU F,YANG Z,et al.Effects of dietary compound preparation with probiotics and organic acids on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and digestive metabolism in Cyan-shank Partridge chicken[J].China Poultry,2014,36(24):30-37.(in Chinese)
[19] 张秀江,胡虹,张永战,等.丁酸梭菌对仔猪和生长肥育猪生产性能的影响研究[J].河南科学,2015,33(10):1745-1749.ZHANG X J,HU H,ZHANG Y Z,et al.The effect of Clostridium butyricum on production performances of piglets and growing finishing pig[J].Henan Science,2015,33(10):1745-1749.(in Chinese)
[20] 仵天培.果聚糖、NSP酶和益生菌对三黄鸡生产性能、血清指标、肠道形态和菌群的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2012.WU T P.Effects of FOS,NSP enzyme and probiotics on production performance,blood serum index,intestinal microflora and morphology of Three-Yellow chicken[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2012.(in Chinese)
[21] 谢文惠,姜宁,王鑫,等.复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1495-1503.XIE W H,JIANG N,WANG X,et al.Effects of compound probiotics on nutrient apparent availability,serum biochemical indexes and intestinal mucosa morphological structure of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(4):1495-1503.(in Chinese)
[22] SAMANYA M,YAMAUCHI K E.Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var.Natto[J].Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2002,133(1):95-104.
[23] 刘婷婷,张帅,邓斐月,等.谷氨酰胺与丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能、小肠形态和肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(6):998-1005.LIU T T,ZHANG S,DENG P Y,et al.Effects of glutamine and Clostridium butyricum on growth performance,immune function,small intestinal morphology and microflora in weanling piglets [J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(6):998-1005.(in Chinese)