云南省个旧市农产品产地土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价
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摘要
测定了云南省个旧市50个农产品产地561份耕层土壤样品中As、Cd、Cr、Pb和Zn含量,依据国家土壤二级标准(GB15618-1995)并参照云南省土壤重金属背景值,评价了该区重金属污染程度和生态风险。结果显示,As、Cd、Cr、Pb和Zn均值为129 mg·kg~(-1)、1. 6 mg·kg~(-1)、104 mg·kg~(-1)、212 mg·kg~(-1)和249 mg·kg~(-1),单因子污染指数分别为4. 31、6. 73、0. 44、0. 79和1. 05,综合污染指数为6. 10。个旧市农产品产地土壤已达到重度污染,主要表现为As和Cd复合污染。同时,生态风险评价表明,个旧市As和Cd潜在风险值为70. 2和218. 2,分别达到中度和重度生态污染风险,综合潜在生态风险总值为319. 5,整体表现为重度生态风险。综上所述,个旧市农产品的生产安全应引起相关部门的高度重视。
In accordance with the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils( GB15618-1995) and the background value of heavy metals for soils of Yunnan Province,we analyzed concentrations of As,Cd,Pb and Zn in 561 paddy soil samples from 50 agricultural production areas in Gejiu City of Yunnan Province,and then assessed the pollution and ecological risk of these heavy metals. Results showed that average concentrations of As,Cd,Cr,Pb and Zn were 129,1. 6,104,212 and 249 mg·kg~(-1),single factor pollution index of As,Cd,Cr,Pb and Zn were 4. 31,6. 73,0. 44,0. 79 and 1. 05,and comprehensive pollution index of all the heavy metals was 4. 06,respectively; which implied the pollution of heavy metals was at severe level in agricultural production areas of Gejiu City,especially with a combined pollution of As and Cd. Moreover,the risk index of As and Cd in these areas were 70. 2 and 218. 2,with moderate and severe level, respectively; the potential total ecological risk index was 319. 5, with a severe level in general. Therefore,the safety of agricultural production areas should attact the attention of the relevant departments in Gejiu City.
In accordance with the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils( GB15618-1995) and the background value of heavy metals for soils of Yunnan Province,we analyzed concentrations of As,Cd,Pb and Zn in 561 paddy soil samples from 50 agricultural production areas in Gejiu City of Yunnan Province,and then assessed the pollution and ecological risk of these heavy metals. Results showed that average concentrations of As,Cd,Cr,Pb and Zn were 129,1. 6,104,212 and 249 mg·kg~(-1),single factor pollution index of As,Cd,Cr,Pb and Zn were 4. 31,6. 73,0. 44,0. 79 and 1. 05,and comprehensive pollution index of all the heavy metals was 4. 06,respectively; which implied the pollution of heavy metals was at severe level in agricultural production areas of Gejiu City,especially with a combined pollution of As and Cd. Moreover,the risk index of As and Cd in these areas were 70. 2 and 218. 2,with moderate and severe level, respectively; the potential total ecological risk index was 319. 5, with a severe level in general. Therefore,the safety of agricultural production areas should attact the attention of the relevant departments in Gejiu City.
引文
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[2]黄玉,蔡保新,王宇.云南个旧锡矿区矿业活动对土壤重金属的累积贡献[J].地质通报,2014,33(8):1168-1174.HUANG Y,CAI B X,WANG Y,et al. The contribution of the mining activities on the heavy metals accumulation in soils of the Gejiu tin de-posit,Yunnan Province[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2014,33(8):1167-1174.
[3]纪小凤,郑娜,王洋,等.中国城市土壤重金属污染研究现状及展望[J].土壤与作物,2016,5(1):42-47.JI X F,ZHENG N,WANG Y,et al. Heavy metal contamination of urban soils in China:Recent advances and prospects[J]. Soils andCrops,2016,5(1):42-47.
[4]肖青青,王宏斌,赵宾,等.云南个旧市郊农作物重金属污染现状及健康风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):271-281.XIAO Q Q,WANG H B,ZHAO B,et al. Heavy metal pollution in crops growing in suburb of Gejiu City,Yunnan Province,China:Presentsituation and health risk[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(2):271-281.
[5]宋雁辉,钟正燕,李红梅,等.云南个旧多金属矿区农田土壤-作物系统重金属污染现状—以乍甸镇为例[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(1):138-146.SONG Y H,ZHONG Z Y,LI H M,et al. Heavy-metal pollution in-situ in farming soil crop system in multi-metal mining area-a casestudy of Zhadian town,Gejiu City,Yunnan[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(1):138-146.
[6]谢华,刘晓海,陈同斌,等.大型古老锡矿影响区土壤和蔬菜重金属含量及其健康风险[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3503-3507.XIE H,LIU X H,CHEN T B,et al. Concentration and health risk of heavy metals in vegetables and soils in region affected by an ancient tin ore[J]. Environmental Science,2008,29(12):3503-3507.
[7]张继舟,王宏韬,倪红伟,等.我国农田土壤重金属污染现状、成因与诊断方法分析[J].土壤与作物,2012,1(4):212-218.ZHANG J Z,WANG H T,NI H W,et al. Current situation,sources and diagnosis method analysis of heavy metal contamination in agriculturalsoils[J]. Soils and Crops,2012,1(4):212-218.
[8]郑国强,方向京,张洪江,等.云南省个旧锡矿区重金属污染评价及植被恢复初探[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(6):208-213.ZHENG G Q,FANG X J,ZHANG H J,et al. Heavy metal pollution and vegetation restoration in Gejiu tin deposit in Yunnan Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,29(6):208-213.
[9]叶玉瑶,张虹鸥,谈树成.个旧城区土壤中重金属潜在生态危害评价[J].热带地理,2004,24(1):14-17,54.YE Y T,ZHANG H O,TAN S C. A study on the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soils of Gejiu urban area[J]. Tropical Geogra-phy,2004,24(1):14-17,54.
[10]邹鲤岭,程先锋,齐武福.云南个旧锡矿区农田土壤和农作物重金属污染研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(2):409-416.ZOU L L,CHENG X F,QI W F. Investigation of heavy metals of farmland soil and crops in stannary of Gejiu in Yunnan[J]. Southwest Chi-na Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(2):409-416.
[11]潘含江,程志中,杨榕,等.云南个旧锡多金属矿区尾矿元素地球化学特征[J].中国地质,2015,42(4):1137-1150.PAN H J,CHENG Z Z,YANG R,et al. Geochemical survey and assessment of tailings of the Gejiu tin polymetallic mining area,YunnanProvince[J]. Geology in China,2015,42(4):1137-1150.
[12]徐光辉,王洋,于锐,等.四平市城郊蔬菜地土壤重金属来源及环境风险评价[J].土壤与作物,2017,6(4):277-282.XU G H,WANG Y,YU R,et al. Sources and environmental risk assessment of heavy metal vegetable soils in suburbs of Siping City,China[J]. Soils and Crops,2017,6(4):277-282.
[13]胡尊芳,孙彦伟,程龙,等.东平湖湖区农田土壤重金属污染评价[J].土壤与作物,2017,6(4):283-290.HU Z F,SUN Y W,CHENG L,et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution to farmland soil in Dongping Lake,Shangdong Province[J].Soils and Crops,2017,6(4):283-290.
[14]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.XU Z Q,NI S J,TUO X G,et al. Calculation of heavy metals'toxicity coefficient in the evaluation of potential ecological risk index[J]. En-vironmental Science and Technology,2008,31(2):112-115.
[15]ZHU H N,YUAN X Z,ZENG G M,et al. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Xiawan Port based on modified potentialecological risk index[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(6):1470-1477.
[16]乔鹏炜,周小勇,杨军,等.云南个旧锡矿区大屯盆地土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价[J].地质通报,2014,33(8):1253-1259.QIAO P W,ZHOU X Y,YANG J,et al. Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of Datun basin in the Gejiu tin mining area,Yunnan Province[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2014,33(8):1253-1259.