超声波对污泥蚯蚓堆肥有机质和重金属的影响
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摘要
联合超声波破解技术、好氧堆肥技术及蚯蚓处理技术,对污水处理厂剩余污泥进行处理,探讨超声波预处理对污泥蚯蚓堆肥有机质降解和重金属的影响.结果表明:超声波预处理技术对污泥腐殖化程度表现出协同效应,最优TOC反应动力学常数为0.0084d~(-1),是对照组的2.1倍;胡敏酸和HA/FA平均增长率分别为97.4%和191.5%,是对照组的1.26倍和1.37倍;可轻度减少污泥堆体重金属含量,同时对蚯蚓处理阶段重金属富集存在缓减效应,但对各阶段重金属形态影响不显著;蚯蚓处理可明显降低重金属生物有效性,至处理结束Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cd、Cr、Hg、As非稳定态平均占比较好氧堆肥结束时下降28.3%、29.5%、29.1%、35.2%、3.3%、25.3%、36.4%、21.9%.
The combination of technologies including ultrasonic disintegration, aerobic composting and earthworm treatment was used to dispose the residual sludge of wastewater treatment plant in order to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the degradation of organic matter and heavy metals. The results showed that the ultrasonic pretreatment technology had synergistic effect on the degree of sludge humification. The optimal TOC value of kinetic constant was 0.0084 d~(-1), which was 2.1 times higher than that of the control group. The average growth rates of humic acid and HA/FA were 97.4% and 191.5%, respectively, which were 1.26 and1.37 times higher than that of the control group. Meanwhile, it has a mitigating effect on the heavy metals accumulation in earthworm treatment stage and no significant effect on the heavy metals speciation in other stages. At the end of vermicomposting,the average proportion of non-steady state of heavy metals(Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Hg, As) decreased by 28.3%, 29.5%, 29.1%,35.2%, 3.3%, 25.3%, 36.4%, 21.9% compared with at the end of the aerobic composting stage, respectively.
The combination of technologies including ultrasonic disintegration, aerobic composting and earthworm treatment was used to dispose the residual sludge of wastewater treatment plant in order to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on the degradation of organic matter and heavy metals. The results showed that the ultrasonic pretreatment technology had synergistic effect on the degree of sludge humification. The optimal TOC value of kinetic constant was 0.0084 d~(-1), which was 2.1 times higher than that of the control group. The average growth rates of humic acid and HA/FA were 97.4% and 191.5%, respectively, which were 1.26 and1.37 times higher than that of the control group. Meanwhile, it has a mitigating effect on the heavy metals accumulation in earthworm treatment stage and no significant effect on the heavy metals speciation in other stages. At the end of vermicomposting,the average proportion of non-steady state of heavy metals(Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Hg, As) decreased by 28.3%, 29.5%, 29.1%,35.2%, 3.3%, 25.3%, 36.4%, 21.9% compared with at the end of the aerobic composting stage, respectively.
引文
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[18]Ghafarzadeh M,Abedini R,Rajabi R.Optimization of ultrasonic waves application in municipal wastewater sludge treatment using response surface method[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017:150.
[19]Zielewicz E.Effects of ultrasonic disintegration of excess sewage sludge[J].Applied Acoustics,2016,103(5):182-189.
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[21]CJ/T221-2005城市污水处理厂污泥检验方法[S].CJ/T 221-2005 Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Inspection Method[S].
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:438-440.Bao S D.Soil agrochemical analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000:438-440.
[23]Ignatowicz K.The impact of sewage sludge treatment on the content of selected heavy metals and their fractions[J].Environmental Research,2017,156:19.
[24]Gunadi B,Edwards C A.The effects of multiple applications of different organic wastes on the growth,fecundity and survival of eisenia fetida(savigny)(lumbricidae)[M].[S.l.]:Science Press,1998:321-329.
[25]Mitchell A,Edwards CA.Production of eisenia fetida and vermicompost from feed-lot cattle manure[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1997,29(3):763-766.
[26]Majumdar D,Patel J,Bhatt N,et al.Emission of methane and carbon dioxide and earthworm survival during composting of pharmaceutical sludge and spent mycelia[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(4):648-658.
[27]Kaviraj S S.Municipal solid waste management through vermicomposting employing exotic and local species of earthworms[J].Bioresource Technology,2003,90(2):169-173.
[28]Wan N,Young HE,Seok PJ,et al.Bioremediation of dieselcontaminated soil with composting.[J].Environmental Pollution,2002,119(1):23-31.
[29]尹朝阳,雍毅,叶宏,等.蚯蚓生物处理污泥系统动力学研究及探讨[J].四川环境,2016,35(3):101-106.Yin Z Y,Yong Y,Ye H,et al.Study on the kinetics of sludge treatment with earthworm[J].Sichuan Environment,2016,35(3):101-106.
[30]Bernal M P,Navarro A F,Roig A,et al.carbon and nitrogen transformation during composting of sweet sorghum bagasse[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1996,22(1):141-148.
[31]陈同斌,郑国砥,高定,等.城市污泥堆肥处理及其产业化发展中的几个关键问题[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(9):104-108.Chen T B,Zheng G D,Gao D,et al.Key problems in municipal sludge composting and its industrialization process[J].China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(9):104-108.
[32]郑西朋,杨顺生,陈钰,等.超声强化好氧堆肥结合蚯蚓处理对污泥营养成分的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(11):1235-1237.Zheng X P,Yang S S,Chen Y,et al.Effect on nutrients of sludge by ultrasonic wave enhanced aerobic composting and vermicomposting[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2017,39(11):1235-1237.
[33]Hsu J H,Lo S L.Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of organic matter transformations during composting of pig manure[J].Environmental Pollution,1999,104(2):189-196.
[34]Khwairakpam M,Bhargava R.Vermitechnology for sewage sludge recycling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(2):948-954.
[35]葛骁,李买军,张盛华,等.调理剂对堆肥产品重金属生物有效性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(7):3047-3052.Ge X,Li M J,Zhang S H,et al.Effect of conditioners on bioavailability of heavy metals in sludge compost[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(7):3047-3052.
[2]朱欣洁,孙先锋,周秋丹,等.好氧堆肥与蚯蚓堆肥对污泥处理污泥效果比较研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(4):79-83.Zhu X J,Sun X F,Zhou Q D,et al.Comparative study on influence of aerobic composting and earthworm composting on sludge treatment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2015,38(4):79-83.
[3]Anjum M,Almakishah N H,Barakat M A.Wastewater sludge stabilization using pre-treatment methods[J].Process Safety&Environmental Protection,2016,102:615-632.
[4]Cao Z R,Yang S S,Zheng X P,et al.Experimental study of ultrasonic disintegration on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal[J].Nature Environment and Pollution Technology,2014,13(2):421-424.
[5]翟丽梅,习斌,刘宏斌,等.城市生活污泥农用对作物和土壤中汞的影响[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2035-2039.Zhai L M,Xi B,Liu H B,et al.Effects of domestic sewage sludge on the accumulation and transfer of mercury in crop-soil system[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(11):2035-2039.
[6]Kavitha S,Rajesh Banu J,Ivinshaju C D,et al.Fenton mediated ultrasonic disintegration of sludge biomass:Biodegradability studies,energetic assessment,and its economic viability[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,221:1-8.
[7]U?aro?lu S,Alkan U.Composting of wastewater treatment sludge with different bulking agents.[J].J Air Waste Manag Assoc,2016,66(3):288-295.
[8]Meng L,Li W,Zhang S,et al.Feasibility of co-composting of sewage sludge,spent mushroom substrate and wheat straw.[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,226:39-45.
[9]Meng L,Li W,Zhang S,et al.Effects of sucrose amendment on ammonia assimilation during sewage sludge composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,210:160-166.
[10]闫金龙,江韬,赵秀兰,等.含生物质炭城市污泥堆肥中溶解性有机质的光谱特征[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(2):459-465.Yan J L,Jiang T,Zhao X L,et al.Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter in co-composting process of municipal sludge with biochar[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(2):459-465.
[11]Awasthi M K,Wang Q,Huang H,et al.Effect of biochar amendment on greenhouse gas emission and bio-availability of heavy metals during sewage sludge co-composting[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,135:829-835.
[12]冯瑞,银奕,李子富,等.添加低比例石灰调质的脱水污泥堆肥试验研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(05):1442-1448.Feng R,Yin Y,Li Z F,et al.Experimental study on composting of dewatered sewage sludge by addition of low ratio lime mixture[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(5):1442-1448.
[13]Kumar A M,Wang M,Pandey A,et al.Heterogeneity of zeolite combined with biochar properties as a function of sewage sludge composting and production of nutrient-rich compost[J].Waste Management,2017,68:760-773.
[14]Garg V K,Kaushik P,Yadav Y K.Effect of stocking density and food quality on the growth and fecundity of an epigeic earthworm(eisenia fetida)during vermicomposting[J].Environmentalist,2008,28(4):483-488.
[15]Lazcano C,Gómez-Brandón M,Domínguez J.Comparison of the effectiveness of composting and vermicomposting for the biological stabilization of cattle manure[J].Chemosphere,2008,72(7):1013-1019.
[16]Tiehm A,Nickel K,Neis U.The use of ultrasound to accelerate the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,36(11):121-128.
[17]Tiehm A,Nickel K,Zellhorn M,et al.Ultrasonic waste activated sludge disintegration for improving anaerobic stabilization[J].Water Research,2001,35(8):2003-2009.
[18]Ghafarzadeh M,Abedini R,Rajabi R.Optimization of ultrasonic waves application in municipal wastewater sludge treatment using response surface method[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017:150.
[19]Zielewicz E.Effects of ultrasonic disintegration of excess sewage sludge[J].Applied Acoustics,2016,103(5):182-189.
[20]Cao Z R,Yang S S,Sun K K,et al.Study on influence of ultrasonic disintegration on anaerobic digestion performance of urban sludge[J].International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences,2013,8(9):1055-1062.
[21]CJ/T221-2005城市污水处理厂污泥检验方法[S].CJ/T 221-2005 Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Inspection Method[S].
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:438-440.Bao S D.Soil agrochemical analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2000:438-440.
[23]Ignatowicz K.The impact of sewage sludge treatment on the content of selected heavy metals and their fractions[J].Environmental Research,2017,156:19.
[24]Gunadi B,Edwards C A.The effects of multiple applications of different organic wastes on the growth,fecundity and survival of eisenia fetida(savigny)(lumbricidae)[M].[S.l.]:Science Press,1998:321-329.
[25]Mitchell A,Edwards CA.Production of eisenia fetida and vermicompost from feed-lot cattle manure[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1997,29(3):763-766.
[26]Majumdar D,Patel J,Bhatt N,et al.Emission of methane and carbon dioxide and earthworm survival during composting of pharmaceutical sludge and spent mycelia[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97(4):648-658.
[27]Kaviraj S S.Municipal solid waste management through vermicomposting employing exotic and local species of earthworms[J].Bioresource Technology,2003,90(2):169-173.
[28]Wan N,Young HE,Seok PJ,et al.Bioremediation of dieselcontaminated soil with composting.[J].Environmental Pollution,2002,119(1):23-31.
[29]尹朝阳,雍毅,叶宏,等.蚯蚓生物处理污泥系统动力学研究及探讨[J].四川环境,2016,35(3):101-106.Yin Z Y,Yong Y,Ye H,et al.Study on the kinetics of sludge treatment with earthworm[J].Sichuan Environment,2016,35(3):101-106.
[30]Bernal M P,Navarro A F,Roig A,et al.carbon and nitrogen transformation during composting of sweet sorghum bagasse[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1996,22(1):141-148.
[31]陈同斌,郑国砥,高定,等.城市污泥堆肥处理及其产业化发展中的几个关键问题[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(9):104-108.Chen T B,Zheng G D,Gao D,et al.Key problems in municipal sludge composting and its industrialization process[J].China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(9):104-108.
[32]郑西朋,杨顺生,陈钰,等.超声强化好氧堆肥结合蚯蚓处理对污泥营养成分的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(11):1235-1237.Zheng X P,Yang S S,Chen Y,et al.Effect on nutrients of sludge by ultrasonic wave enhanced aerobic composting and vermicomposting[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2017,39(11):1235-1237.
[33]Hsu J H,Lo S L.Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of organic matter transformations during composting of pig manure[J].Environmental Pollution,1999,104(2):189-196.
[34]Khwairakpam M,Bhargava R.Vermitechnology for sewage sludge recycling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(2):948-954.
[35]葛骁,李买军,张盛华,等.调理剂对堆肥产品重金属生物有效性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(7):3047-3052.Ge X,Li M J,Zhang S H,et al.Effect of conditioners on bioavailability of heavy metals in sludge compost[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(7):3047-3052.