矾浆在水稻土上的固磷效果及对水稻生长和产量的影响
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摘要
为研发一种安全有效的农田土壤固磷技术,利用纯土培和盆栽试验方法研究了不同粒径(5、2、0.25和0.15 mm)以及不同施用量(0、0.01%、0.1%、1%、5%和10%)下矾浆对富磷(P)水稻土OlsenP、可溶性铝(Al)、有效硅(Si)、速效钾(K)含量,土壤酶活,水稻地上部K、Si含量及产量的影响。结果表明,矾浆颗粒直径0.5~10μm,比表面积8.73 m~2·g~(-1),富含Al、Si、K等元素。0.25 mm、p H值6.8的矾浆对土壤P素固定能力最优。施入矾浆使土壤Olsen-P含量下降,速效K、有效Si和交换态Al含量增加,且随着矾浆施入量的增加,变幅加大。与对照相比,0.1%的矾浆处理显著提高了水稻地上部Si和K含量,促进了水稻的生长及产量。但5%和10%矾浆处理对土壤酶活、水稻生长及产量均产生不良影响,其原因可能与高量施用使土壤交换态Al含量急剧上升,造成Al毒有关。综上所述,施用0.01%~0.1%矾浆兼具土壤固P和土壤改良效应。本研究为有效控制农田土壤P素流失提供了技术支持。
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different amounts( 0%,0. 01%,0. 1%,1%,5%and 10%) and different size( 5,2,0. 25 and 0. 15 mm) of alum plasma( obtained from Wenzhou Alum mine)application in to a paddy soil on Olsen-P,available Al,Si,and K,activities of soil enzymes,K,Si uptake and yield of rice( Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhongjia-Zao). Results showed that alum plasma particle was 0. 5 ~ 1. 0 μm with specific surface area of 8. 73 m~2·g~(-1),and was rich in Al,Si and K. Alum plasma with 0. 25 mm and p H 6. 8 showed the best effect on P immobilization. Incorporation of alum plasma significantly decreased soil Olsen-P,but increased available K,available Si,and exchangeable Al,and the range extended with increasing of applied alum plasma. The treatments of0. 1% alum plasma significantly enhanced the contents of si and K in shoot of rice,and increased yield of rice compared with control. However,treatments of 5% and 10% alum plasma treatments caused negative effects on activities of soil enzymes and rice yield,which might be due to toxicity of exchangeable Al with the relative high amendments of alum plasma. Taken together, application of 0. 01% ~ 0. 1% alum plasma can be a promising technology to control eutrophication and improve soil quality. This study provided a technical support for effective control in soil P leaching.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different amounts( 0%,0. 01%,0. 1%,1%,5%and 10%) and different size( 5,2,0. 25 and 0. 15 mm) of alum plasma( obtained from Wenzhou Alum mine)application in to a paddy soil on Olsen-P,available Al,Si,and K,activities of soil enzymes,K,Si uptake and yield of rice( Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhongjia-Zao). Results showed that alum plasma particle was 0. 5 ~ 1. 0 μm with specific surface area of 8. 73 m~2·g~(-1),and was rich in Al,Si and K. Alum plasma with 0. 25 mm and p H 6. 8 showed the best effect on P immobilization. Incorporation of alum plasma significantly decreased soil Olsen-P,but increased available K,available Si,and exchangeable Al,and the range extended with increasing of applied alum plasma. The treatments of0. 1% alum plasma significantly enhanced the contents of si and K in shoot of rice,and increased yield of rice compared with control. However,treatments of 5% and 10% alum plasma treatments caused negative effects on activities of soil enzymes and rice yield,which might be due to toxicity of exchangeable Al with the relative high amendments of alum plasma. Taken together, application of 0. 01% ~ 0. 1% alum plasma can be a promising technology to control eutrophication and improve soil quality. This study provided a technical support for effective control in soil P leaching.
引文
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[9]张鑫,张焕祯,刘光英,李伟.铁屑粉煤灰组合处理含磷废水[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(8):2844-2848
[10]孟文娜,谢杰,吴德意,张振家,孔海南.活性氧化铝对水中磷的去除与回收研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):231-236
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[13]Yan L G,Xu Y Y,Yu H Q,Xin X D,Wei Q,Du B.Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by hydroxy-aluminum,hydroxyiron and hydroxy-iron-aluminum pillared bentonites[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,179(1):244-250
[14]吉芳英,关伟,周卫威,姜宁,陈晴空,晏鹏.多孔水化硅酸钙的制备及其磷回收特性[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(8):885-891
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农化分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2001
[16]张素荣,曹星星.对比不同消解方法测定土壤中重金属[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(8):49-51
[17]关松荫.土壤酶学研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986
[18]国家环境保护局南京环境科学研究所.GB15618-1995土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995
[19]张文艺,郑泽鑫,韩有法,占明飞.改性沸石对猪场沼液氮磷吸附特性与机理分析[J].2014,33(9):1837-1842
[20]Huang W,Wang S,Zhu Z,Li L,Yao X,Rudolph V,Haghseresht F.Phosphate removal from wastewater using red mud[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,158(1):35-42
[21]徐建宇,宫宇周,潘明富,牛启桂,王晓明,潘家宝.几种吸附剂对磷的等温吸附特性研究[J].水科学与工程技术,2009,(5):62-64
[22]吴丽萍,徐晓瑛,文科军,古金霞,曹文李,庆波.不同粒径炉渣对磷的静态吸附[J].2014,8(9):3933-3938
[23]许国仁,贾超,吴飞飞.污泥基吸附剂除磷及其吸附效能研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(S1):225-230
[24]刘秀珍,孙立艳.膨润土和磷肥对石灰性土壤无机磷形态转化及有效性的影响[J].核农学报,2003,18(1):59-62
[25]姜怡娇,宁平.氧化铝厂赤泥的综合利用现状[J].环境科学与技术,2003,26(1):40-42
[26]王正银,徐卫红,黄云,袁吕江,贾中原,周军,丁淑英.植物性脲酶抑制剂对作物营养和土壤特性的影响[J].核农学报,2002,16(2):109-114
[27]唐海滨,廖超英,刘莉丽,孙长忠,许永霞,边丹丹.蔬菜大棚土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性与土壤养分的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):165-168
[28]吴沂珀,张锡洲,李廷轩,阳显斌,吴德勇.小麦不同磷效率品种对不同磷源的利用差异及酸性磷酸酶的作用[J].核农学报,2013,27(3):351-357
[29]邢承华,朱美红,张淑娜,李方,蔡妙珍,汪增基.磷对铝胁迫下荞麦根际土壤铝形态和酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1944-1948
[30]郭天荣,陈丽萍,冯其芳,戚志伟,沈佳辉.铝、镉胁迫对空心菜生长及抗氧化特性的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(3):571-576
[31]Chen J,Wang W H,Wu F H,You C Y,Liu T W,Dong X J,He J X,Zheng H L.Hydrogen sulfide alleviates aluminum toxicity in barley seedlings[J].Plant and Soil,2013,362(1/2):301-318
[2]Li M,Xu K,Watanabe M,Chen Z.Long-term variations in dissolved silicate,nitrogen,and phosphorus flux from the yangtze river into the east china sea and impacts on estuarine ecosystem[J].Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science,2007,71(1):3-12
[3]刘建玲,廖文华,张作新,张海涛,王新军,孟娜.磷肥和有机肥的产量效应与土壤积累磷的环境风险评价[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(5):959-965
[4]杨孟娟,林建伟,詹艳慧,方巧,郑雯婧,李佳.铝和锆改性沸石对太湖底泥-水系统中溶解性磷酸盐的固定作用[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(11):1351-1359
[5]宋康,符志友,赵晓丽,廖海清,白英臣,王国祥,吴丰昌.腐殖酸对针铁矿吸附磷的影响机理[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(8):904-910
[6]程雅靖,单保庆,张洪,刘红磊.赤泥投加控制河道底泥磷释放的影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(3):761-766
[7]陈程,吴永贵,钱晓莉,赵铮,喻阳华,廖芬,申万暾.赤泥对含磷废水中磷的去除效果及其影响因素研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(6):152-155
[8]Liang Z,Peng X,Luan Z,Li W,Zhao Y.Reduction of phosphorus release from high phosphorus soil by red mud[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,65(3):581-588
[9]张鑫,张焕祯,刘光英,李伟.铁屑粉煤灰组合处理含磷废水[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(8):2844-2848
[10]孟文娜,谢杰,吴德意,张振家,孔海南.活性氧化铝对水中磷的去除与回收研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):231-236
[11]LǚJ,Liu H,Liu R,Zhao X,Sun L,Qu J.Adsorptive removal o phosphate by a nanostructured Fe-Al-mntrimetal oxide adsorbent[J].Powder Technology,2013,233(1):146-154
[12]Fei L,Gong J L,Zeng G M,Long C,Wang X Y,Deng J H,Niu QY,Zhang H Y,Zhang X R.Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by magnetic Fe-Zr binary oxide[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,171(2):448-455
[13]Yan L G,Xu Y Y,Yu H Q,Xin X D,Wei Q,Du B.Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by hydroxy-aluminum,hydroxyiron and hydroxy-iron-aluminum pillared bentonites[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,179(1):244-250
[14]吉芳英,关伟,周卫威,姜宁,陈晴空,晏鹏.多孔水化硅酸钙的制备及其磷回收特性[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(8):885-891
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农化分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2001
[16]张素荣,曹星星.对比不同消解方法测定土壤中重金属[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(8):49-51
[17]关松荫.土壤酶学研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986
[18]国家环境保护局南京环境科学研究所.GB15618-1995土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995
[19]张文艺,郑泽鑫,韩有法,占明飞.改性沸石对猪场沼液氮磷吸附特性与机理分析[J].2014,33(9):1837-1842
[20]Huang W,Wang S,Zhu Z,Li L,Yao X,Rudolph V,Haghseresht F.Phosphate removal from wastewater using red mud[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,158(1):35-42
[21]徐建宇,宫宇周,潘明富,牛启桂,王晓明,潘家宝.几种吸附剂对磷的等温吸附特性研究[J].水科学与工程技术,2009,(5):62-64
[22]吴丽萍,徐晓瑛,文科军,古金霞,曹文李,庆波.不同粒径炉渣对磷的静态吸附[J].2014,8(9):3933-3938
[23]许国仁,贾超,吴飞飞.污泥基吸附剂除磷及其吸附效能研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(S1):225-230
[24]刘秀珍,孙立艳.膨润土和磷肥对石灰性土壤无机磷形态转化及有效性的影响[J].核农学报,2003,18(1):59-62
[25]姜怡娇,宁平.氧化铝厂赤泥的综合利用现状[J].环境科学与技术,2003,26(1):40-42
[26]王正银,徐卫红,黄云,袁吕江,贾中原,周军,丁淑英.植物性脲酶抑制剂对作物营养和土壤特性的影响[J].核农学报,2002,16(2):109-114
[27]唐海滨,廖超英,刘莉丽,孙长忠,许永霞,边丹丹.蔬菜大棚土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性与土壤养分的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):165-168
[28]吴沂珀,张锡洲,李廷轩,阳显斌,吴德勇.小麦不同磷效率品种对不同磷源的利用差异及酸性磷酸酶的作用[J].核农学报,2013,27(3):351-357
[29]邢承华,朱美红,张淑娜,李方,蔡妙珍,汪增基.磷对铝胁迫下荞麦根际土壤铝形态和酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1944-1948
[30]郭天荣,陈丽萍,冯其芳,戚志伟,沈佳辉.铝、镉胁迫对空心菜生长及抗氧化特性的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(3):571-576
[31]Chen J,Wang W H,Wu F H,You C Y,Liu T W,Dong X J,He J X,Zheng H L.Hydrogen sulfide alleviates aluminum toxicity in barley seedlings[J].Plant and Soil,2013,362(1/2):301-318