川西亚高山斑羚冬春季死亡调查及保护策略
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摘要
川西亚高山冬春季常发现数量不等、死因不明的斑羚尸体,这极不利于斑羚及其它野生动物的科学保护和管理。为深入了解该区域冬春季节斑羚死亡的具体情况,以期找到死亡原因及相应对策,于2016年10月~2017年3月,采用样线调查与样方调查相结合的方法,对卧龙自然保护区邓生管护区域内设置的5条样线进行了12次调查。共发现斑羚尸体21只,其中雌性两只,雄性17只,无法辨别两只,分别占总数的9.5%、81.0%,和9.5%。采集皮肤病料17份,实验室检测后疥螨虫卵都呈阳性。死亡时间集中在1月~2月(19只,占90.5%)。斑羚尸体全部位于水源点20 m范围内,最远20 m,最近1m,平均8.5 m。斑羚尸体集中分布于海拔2 200 m~2 900 m的河谷地带(18只,占85.7%,最低海拔为2 165 m,最高海拔为2 910 m),周边生境类型为针阔叶混交林。斑羚尸体被其他动物取食6只,占28.6%,未被取食15只,占71.4%。调查过程中无害化处理17只,占81.0%。收集头骨3个,骨架1副。同时对该区域斑羚患病、死亡原因进行了初步分析,并提出了针对性管护建议。
In recent years,dead goral bodies were often found in winter and spring in subalpine areas of western Sichuan. As the dead bodies resulted from unknown cause and varied in amount,it was very unfavorable to the protection and management of the goral and other wild animals in these areas. To find the cause of the goral's death,and corresponding countermeasure,12 times of investigation were conducted in the Dengsheng Managed and Conserved Area from October 2016 to March 2017,21 dead bodies of gorals were found,of which,2 were female,17 were male and 2 were unable to be distinguished,respectively accounting for 9. 5%,81. 0%,and 9. 5% of the total. 17 skin samples were collected,and the lab testing showed that sarcoptidae eggs were positive. The death time was mainly in January and February( 19 gorals,accounting for 90. 5%). All the death places were within 20 meters away from the water points,of which the farthest was 20 meters,the nearest was 1 meter,and the average was 8. 5 meters. Bodies were found to be concentrated in the valleys of 2 200 to 2 900 meters above the sea level( 18 gorals,accounting for 85. 7%,the lowest was 2 165 meters and the highest was 2 910 meters),and the peripheral habitat type was mixed coniferous broad leaved forest. 6 bodies were found to be eaten by other animals and 15 were not eaten,accounting for 28. 6% and 71. 4% respectively. During the investigation,17 bodies were harmlessly disposed,3 skulls and 1 skeleton were collected. The causes of the goral's illness and death were also analyzed and some suggestions were put forward for the management and conservation of gorals.
In recent years,dead goral bodies were often found in winter and spring in subalpine areas of western Sichuan. As the dead bodies resulted from unknown cause and varied in amount,it was very unfavorable to the protection and management of the goral and other wild animals in these areas. To find the cause of the goral's death,and corresponding countermeasure,12 times of investigation were conducted in the Dengsheng Managed and Conserved Area from October 2016 to March 2017,21 dead bodies of gorals were found,of which,2 were female,17 were male and 2 were unable to be distinguished,respectively accounting for 9. 5%,81. 0%,and 9. 5% of the total. 17 skin samples were collected,and the lab testing showed that sarcoptidae eggs were positive. The death time was mainly in January and February( 19 gorals,accounting for 90. 5%). All the death places were within 20 meters away from the water points,of which the farthest was 20 meters,the nearest was 1 meter,and the average was 8. 5 meters. Bodies were found to be concentrated in the valleys of 2 200 to 2 900 meters above the sea level( 18 gorals,accounting for 85. 7%,the lowest was 2 165 meters and the highest was 2 910 meters),and the peripheral habitat type was mixed coniferous broad leaved forest. 6 bodies were found to be eaten by other animals and 15 were not eaten,accounting for 28. 6% and 71. 4% respectively. During the investigation,17 bodies were harmlessly disposed,3 skulls and 1 skeleton were collected. The causes of the goral's illness and death were also analyzed and some suggestions were put forward for the management and conservation of gorals.
引文
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[3]杨光友,赖从龙,杨学成,等.九寨沟自然保护区苏门羚群发性疥螨病的调查[J].四川动物,1997,16(2):86.
[4]吴华,张泽均,胡锦矗.唐家河自然保护区斑羚春冬季对生境的选择[J].华东师范大学学报,2002,(2):92~97.
[5]张维,王文,唐珞等,等.黑龙江龙口自然保护区斑羚冬季食性分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2006,34(3):43~44.
[6]袁朝晖,张建云,何佰锁,等.冰冻雪灾导致斑羚死亡的调查报告[J].陕西林业科技,2009,(1):62~64.
[7]孙韵,潘广林,魏魁虎,等.一列死亡野生斑羚寄生虫种类的调查研究[J].动物医学进展,2009,30(8):70~72.
[8]钟妮娜,徐顶,吴宥析,等.一起自然保护区岩羊皮肤病的诊断[J].动物医学进展,2010,31(1):122~124.
[9]程跃红,杨帆,周莎,等.卧龙自然保护区野生动物疫源疫病监测机制的探讨[J].四川畜牧兽医,2015,(4):21~22.
[10]李才武,瞿春茂,金森燕,等.卧龙自然保护区一鬣羚死亡原因剖析[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(2):147~150.
[11]李春燕,杨光友.野生哺乳动物的疥螨病[J].四川动物,2017,36(1):104~113.