水稻稻瘟病抗性基因的克隆、育种利用及稻瘟菌无毒基因研究进展
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摘要
稻瘟病是世界上影响水稻(Oryza sativa)粮食生产的主要病害之一,抗病基因的发掘与利用是抗病育种的基础和核心。随着寄主水稻和病原菌稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)基因组测序和基因注释的完成,水稻和稻瘟病菌的互作体系成为研究植物与真菌互作的模式系统。该文对稻瘟病抗病基因的遗传、定位、克隆及育种利用进行概述,并通过生物信息学分析方法,探讨了水稻全基因组中NBS-LRR类抗病基因在水稻12条染色体上的分布情况,同时对稻瘟病菌无毒基因的鉴定及无毒蛋白与抗病蛋白的互作进行初步分析。最后对稻瘟病抗病基因研究存在的问题进行分析并展望了未来的研究方向,以期为水稻抗稻瘟病育种发展和抗病机制的深入理解提供参考。
Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. The identification and utilization of resistance genes are the basis and key factors for breeding resistance rice cultivars. With the availability of genomic sequences of both Oryza sativa and M. oryzae, rice has become one of the model systems for dissecting the molecular interactions between plants and pathogens. In this paper, we summarize the current status of genetics, mapping, cloning and breeding application of the genes resistant to blast. Using bioinformatics analysis, we analyzed the distribution of all NBS-LRR type of disease resistance genes on the 12 chromosomes of the rice genome and also preliminarily summarized the identified avirulence genes as well as interactions between the resistance proteins and the avirulence proteins. Finally, we analyzed and discussed the problems in rice breeding and prospects for research. This review will provide useful suggestions for further research on rice blast resistance breeding and disease resistance mechanisms.
Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. The identification and utilization of resistance genes are the basis and key factors for breeding resistance rice cultivars. With the availability of genomic sequences of both Oryza sativa and M. oryzae, rice has become one of the model systems for dissecting the molecular interactions between plants and pathogens. In this paper, we summarize the current status of genetics, mapping, cloning and breeding application of the genes resistant to blast. Using bioinformatics analysis, we analyzed the distribution of all NBS-LRR type of disease resistance genes on the 12 chromosomes of the rice genome and also preliminarily summarized the identified avirulence genes as well as interactions between the resistance proteins and the avirulence proteins. Finally, we analyzed and discussed the problems in rice breeding and prospects for research. This review will provide useful suggestions for further research on rice blast resistance breeding and disease resistance mechanisms.
引文
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