崇义客家梯田生态系统可持续发展综合评价
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摘要
崇义客家梯田是中国最大的客家梯田,为当地客家人提供了多项生态服务功能。综合评价崇义客家梯田生态系统的可持续性,有助于人们合理开发和利用其资源。运用综合加权函数、协调度模型和发展障碍度模型对崇义客家梯田生态系统可持续发展现状、可持续发展潜能以及影响其可持续发展的障碍因素作了分析诊断。结果表明:1990—2014年间,崇义客家梯田生态系统可持续发展综合指数增长了2.22倍。各指标间的协调度均大于0.65,指标间协调发展的程度良好,崇义客家梯田生态系统可持续发展存在较大潜能。影响崇义客家梯田生态系统可持续发展的主要单项障碍性因素有服务业产值、农民受教育程度、农民恩格尔系数和农田受灾率4项,他们的障碍度值分别为0.17、0.17、0.15和0.13。直观的数据反映了崇义客家梯田生态系统的可持续发展情况,也为当地政府制定崇义客家梯田生态系统可持续发展对策提供了可靠的支撑。
As the largest Hakka Terrace in China,the Hakka Terrace of Chongyi provides many ecological services for local people. Comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of this terrace ecosystem will be helpful for the local government to improve the development and responsible use of its resources. The reality,potential,and the obstacles to the sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi were analyzed with the help of a comprehensive weighing function model,a coordination degree model,and a model of obstacle degree on development. The results showed that the comprehensive indexes of ecological sustainable development of this terrace system increased 2.22 times from 1990—2014;that the average annual growth rate of the comprehensive indexes of sustainable development reached 3.24%; and that the process of sustainable development can be divided into three stages,namely,the rapid stage from 1990—1994,the undulating stage from 1995—1999,and the slowdown stage from 2000—2014. In the first stage,when the comprehensive evaluation indexes of sustainable development grew rapidly with an average annual growth rate of 9.52%,the sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi occurred at a high level. In the stage of ups and downs,though the annual average rate of the comprehensive evaluation indexes was only 1.73%,the comprehensive evaluation indexes were higher than 1,compared with 1990,and thus,the situation of sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem ofChongyi was much better. However,as the comprehensive evaluation indexes experienced ups and downs in the interval from1.4 to 1.5,the sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi was not stable. In the last stage,or the slow development stage,the annual growth rate of the comprehensive evaluation indexes was 2%,which was between the first two stages. During this period,the sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi was slow,but the overall trend of the sustainable development was better. The coordination degree among the indexes was greater than0.65,suggesting that these indexes were able to develop in a coordinated manner and that the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi boasted great potentials for sustainable development. However,it was restricted by four monomial obstacles—service industry output,farmers' education,the Engel coefficient,and the rate of farmland affected by natural disasters,whose obstacle degree values were 0. 17,0. 17,0. 15,and 0. 13 respectively. While these economic figures revealed the reality of sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi,they provided sufficient data to allow the government to make sound and relevant policies.
As the largest Hakka Terrace in China,the Hakka Terrace of Chongyi provides many ecological services for local people. Comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of this terrace ecosystem will be helpful for the local government to improve the development and responsible use of its resources. The reality,potential,and the obstacles to the sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi were analyzed with the help of a comprehensive weighing function model,a coordination degree model,and a model of obstacle degree on development. The results showed that the comprehensive indexes of ecological sustainable development of this terrace system increased 2.22 times from 1990—2014;that the average annual growth rate of the comprehensive indexes of sustainable development reached 3.24%; and that the process of sustainable development can be divided into three stages,namely,the rapid stage from 1990—1994,the undulating stage from 1995—1999,and the slowdown stage from 2000—2014. In the first stage,when the comprehensive evaluation indexes of sustainable development grew rapidly with an average annual growth rate of 9.52%,the sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi occurred at a high level. In the stage of ups and downs,though the annual average rate of the comprehensive evaluation indexes was only 1.73%,the comprehensive evaluation indexes were higher than 1,compared with 1990,and thus,the situation of sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem ofChongyi was much better. However,as the comprehensive evaluation indexes experienced ups and downs in the interval from1.4 to 1.5,the sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi was not stable. In the last stage,or the slow development stage,the annual growth rate of the comprehensive evaluation indexes was 2%,which was between the first two stages. During this period,the sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi was slow,but the overall trend of the sustainable development was better. The coordination degree among the indexes was greater than0.65,suggesting that these indexes were able to develop in a coordinated manner and that the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi boasted great potentials for sustainable development. However,it was restricted by four monomial obstacles—service industry output,farmers' education,the Engel coefficient,and the rate of farmland affected by natural disasters,whose obstacle degree values were 0. 17,0. 17,0. 15,and 0. 13 respectively. While these economic figures revealed the reality of sustainable development of the Hakka Terrace Ecosystem of Chongyi,they provided sufficient data to allow the government to make sound and relevant policies.
引文
[1]张永勋,闵庆文.稻作梯田农业文化遗产保护研究综述.中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):460-469.
[2]缪建群,杨文亭,杨滨娟,马艳芹,黄国勤.崇义客家梯田区生态系统服务功能及价值评估.自然资源学报,2016,31(11):1817-1831.
[3]陈蝶,卫伟,陈利顶.梯田景观的历史分布及典型国际案例分析.应用生态学报,2017,28(2):689-698.
[4]姚敏,崔保山.哈尼梯田湿地生态系统的垂直特征.生态学报,2006,26(7):2115-2124.
[5] Zhang Y X,Min Q W,Jiao W J,Liu M C. Values and conservation of Honghe Hani Rice terraces system as a GIAHS site. Journal of Resources and Ecology,2016,7(3):197-204.
[6] Li J,Jiao W J,Min Q W,Li W H. Effects of traditional ecological knowledge on the drought-resistant mechanisms of the Hani Rice terraces system.Journal of Resources and Ecology,2016,7(3):211-217.
[7]胡兴兴,闵庆文,赖格英,吴青,陈桃金,潘思怡.农业文化遗产非使用价值支付意愿的区域差异——以江西崇义客家梯田系统为例.资源科学,2017,39(4):737-746.
[8]陈桃金,刘维,赖格英,赖怡恬,吴青,李世伟.江西崇义客家梯田的起源与演变研究.江西科学,2017,35(2):213-218,257-257.
[9]王大琼,角媛梅,何礼平,宗路平,向东福,胡志昕.基于河渠连接度的哈尼梯田景观水源稳定性评价.生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2865-2872.
[10] Chen B X,Qiu Z M,Nakamura K. Tourist preferences for agricultural landscapes:a case study of terraced paddy fields in Noto Peninsula,Japan.Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13(10):1880-1892.
[11]白艳莹,闵庆文,李静.哈尼梯田生态系统森林土壤水源涵养功能分析.水土保持研究,2016,23(2):166-170.
[12]杨伦,刘某承,闵庆文,田密,张永勋.哈尼梯田地区农户粮食作物种植结构及驱动力分析.自然资源学报,2017,32(1):26-39.
[13] Rahman M A,Kang S C,Nagabhatla N,Macnee R. Impacts of temperature and rainfall variation on rice productivity in major ecosystems of Bangladesh. Agriculture&Food Security,2017,6:10.
[14] Rodriguez V P,Anderson K C. Terracing in the Mixteca Alta,Mexico:cycles of resilience of an ancient land-use strategy. Human Ecology,2013,41(3):335-349.
[15]刘某承,熊英,白艳莹,杨伦,闵庆文.生态功能改善目标导向的哈尼梯田生态补偿标准.生态学报,2017,37(7):2447-2454.
[16]缪建群,王志强,杨文亭,孙松,黄国勤.崇义客家梯田生态系统服务功能.应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1642-1652.
[17]周秀轻,王金德.随机删失数据非线性回归模型的最小一乘估计.中国科学A辑数学,2005,35(4):387-403.
[18]刘兴元,王玮.藏北草地生态系统可持续发展能力评价.自然资源学报,2013,28(7):1209-1220.
[19] Zoderer B M,Stanghellini P S L,Tasser E,Walde J,Wieser H,Tappeiner U. Exploring socio-cultural values of ecosystem service categories in the Central Alps:the influence of socio-demographic factors and landscape type. Regional Environmental Change,2016,16(7):2033-2044.
[20]蒋维,王俊,杨新军,刘文兆.黄土高原农村社会——生态系统体制转换初探——以陕西省长武县洪家镇为例.人文地理,2011,26(1):56-60.
[21]雷明.论农村社会治理生态之构建.中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016,33(6):5-13.
[22]苟钰姣,刘兴元,张伟明,徐长林,龙瑞军.祁连山牧区妇女社会地位及其对草地政策的认知度.生态学报,2015,35(10):3472-3479.
[23] Zhao Z L,Wu X,Zhang Y L,Gao J G. Assessment of changes in the value of ecosystem services in the Koshi River Basin,central high Himalayas based on land cover changes and the CA-Markov model. Journal of Resources and Ecology,2017,8(1):67-76.
[24]赵江,沈刚,严力蛟,黄璐,金爱民,霍思高.海岛土地利用与生态系统服务价值变化分析——以浙江舟山册子岛为例.科技通报,2017,33(1):230-234,239-239.
[25]刘海,殷杰,林苗,陈晓玲.基于GIS的鄱阳湖流域生态系统服务价值结构变化研究.生态学报,2017,37(8):2575-2587.
[26] Bausch J C,Bojórquez-Tapia L,Eakin H. Agro-environmental sustainability assessment using multicriteria decision analysis and system analysis.Sustainability Science,2014,9(3):303-319.
[27] Ekins P. Sustainable growth revisited:technology,economics and policy:A contribution to the special section of Mineral Economics‘resources,energy and eco-innovation'. Mineral Economics,2012,24(2/3):59-77.
[28] Zheng H B,Huang H,Chen C,Fu Z Q,Xu H Q,Tan S D,She W,Liao X L,Tang J W. Traditional symbiotic farming technology in China promotes the sustainability of a flooded rice production system. Sustainability Science,2017,12(1):155-161.
[29]高媛.农业生产性服务业发展对生态环境的影响——以安徽省为例[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2014.
[30] Salazar-Ordó1ez M,Rodríguez-Entrena M,Sayadi S. Agricultural sustainability from a societal view:an analysis of southern Spanish citizens.Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2013,26(2):473-490.
[31] Belton V. A comparison of the analytic hierarchy process and a simple multi-attribute value function. European Journal of Operational Research,1986,26(1):7-21.
[32] Harker P T,Vargas L G. Reply to“remarks on the Analytic Hierarchy Process”by J. S. Dyer. Management Science,1990,36(3):269-273.
[33] Saaty T L. An exposition on the AHP in reply to the paper“Remarks on the Analytic Hierarchy Process”. Management Science,1990,36(3):259-268.
[34] Saaty T L. Response to holder's comments on the analytic hierarchy process. Journal of the Operational Research Society,1991,42(10):909-914.
[35]曹执令.区域农业可持续发展指标体系的构建与评价——以衡阳市为例.经济地理,2012,32(8):113-116.
[36]马其芳,黄贤金,彭补拙,翟文侠,刘林旺.区域农业循环经济发展评价及其实证研究.自然资源学报,2005,20(6):891-899.
[37]吴开亚.巢湖流域农业循环经济发展的综合评价.中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(1):94-98.
[38]杜红梅,傅知凡.湖南农业循环经济发展评价体系及实证分析.经济地理,2016,(6):167-175.
[39]朱丕荣.国外重视农民文化科技素质的提高.世界农业,1993,(11):3-6.
[2]缪建群,杨文亭,杨滨娟,马艳芹,黄国勤.崇义客家梯田区生态系统服务功能及价值评估.自然资源学报,2016,31(11):1817-1831.
[3]陈蝶,卫伟,陈利顶.梯田景观的历史分布及典型国际案例分析.应用生态学报,2017,28(2):689-698.
[4]姚敏,崔保山.哈尼梯田湿地生态系统的垂直特征.生态学报,2006,26(7):2115-2124.
[5] Zhang Y X,Min Q W,Jiao W J,Liu M C. Values and conservation of Honghe Hani Rice terraces system as a GIAHS site. Journal of Resources and Ecology,2016,7(3):197-204.
[6] Li J,Jiao W J,Min Q W,Li W H. Effects of traditional ecological knowledge on the drought-resistant mechanisms of the Hani Rice terraces system.Journal of Resources and Ecology,2016,7(3):211-217.
[7]胡兴兴,闵庆文,赖格英,吴青,陈桃金,潘思怡.农业文化遗产非使用价值支付意愿的区域差异——以江西崇义客家梯田系统为例.资源科学,2017,39(4):737-746.
[8]陈桃金,刘维,赖格英,赖怡恬,吴青,李世伟.江西崇义客家梯田的起源与演变研究.江西科学,2017,35(2):213-218,257-257.
[9]王大琼,角媛梅,何礼平,宗路平,向东福,胡志昕.基于河渠连接度的哈尼梯田景观水源稳定性评价.生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2865-2872.
[10] Chen B X,Qiu Z M,Nakamura K. Tourist preferences for agricultural landscapes:a case study of terraced paddy fields in Noto Peninsula,Japan.Journal of Mountain Science,2016,13(10):1880-1892.
[11]白艳莹,闵庆文,李静.哈尼梯田生态系统森林土壤水源涵养功能分析.水土保持研究,2016,23(2):166-170.
[12]杨伦,刘某承,闵庆文,田密,张永勋.哈尼梯田地区农户粮食作物种植结构及驱动力分析.自然资源学报,2017,32(1):26-39.
[13] Rahman M A,Kang S C,Nagabhatla N,Macnee R. Impacts of temperature and rainfall variation on rice productivity in major ecosystems of Bangladesh. Agriculture&Food Security,2017,6:10.
[14] Rodriguez V P,Anderson K C. Terracing in the Mixteca Alta,Mexico:cycles of resilience of an ancient land-use strategy. Human Ecology,2013,41(3):335-349.
[15]刘某承,熊英,白艳莹,杨伦,闵庆文.生态功能改善目标导向的哈尼梯田生态补偿标准.生态学报,2017,37(7):2447-2454.
[16]缪建群,王志强,杨文亭,孙松,黄国勤.崇义客家梯田生态系统服务功能.应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1642-1652.
[17]周秀轻,王金德.随机删失数据非线性回归模型的最小一乘估计.中国科学A辑数学,2005,35(4):387-403.
[18]刘兴元,王玮.藏北草地生态系统可持续发展能力评价.自然资源学报,2013,28(7):1209-1220.
[19] Zoderer B M,Stanghellini P S L,Tasser E,Walde J,Wieser H,Tappeiner U. Exploring socio-cultural values of ecosystem service categories in the Central Alps:the influence of socio-demographic factors and landscape type. Regional Environmental Change,2016,16(7):2033-2044.
[20]蒋维,王俊,杨新军,刘文兆.黄土高原农村社会——生态系统体制转换初探——以陕西省长武县洪家镇为例.人文地理,2011,26(1):56-60.
[21]雷明.论农村社会治理生态之构建.中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016,33(6):5-13.
[22]苟钰姣,刘兴元,张伟明,徐长林,龙瑞军.祁连山牧区妇女社会地位及其对草地政策的认知度.生态学报,2015,35(10):3472-3479.
[23] Zhao Z L,Wu X,Zhang Y L,Gao J G. Assessment of changes in the value of ecosystem services in the Koshi River Basin,central high Himalayas based on land cover changes and the CA-Markov model. Journal of Resources and Ecology,2017,8(1):67-76.
[24]赵江,沈刚,严力蛟,黄璐,金爱民,霍思高.海岛土地利用与生态系统服务价值变化分析——以浙江舟山册子岛为例.科技通报,2017,33(1):230-234,239-239.
[25]刘海,殷杰,林苗,陈晓玲.基于GIS的鄱阳湖流域生态系统服务价值结构变化研究.生态学报,2017,37(8):2575-2587.
[26] Bausch J C,Bojórquez-Tapia L,Eakin H. Agro-environmental sustainability assessment using multicriteria decision analysis and system analysis.Sustainability Science,2014,9(3):303-319.
[27] Ekins P. Sustainable growth revisited:technology,economics and policy:A contribution to the special section of Mineral Economics‘resources,energy and eco-innovation'. Mineral Economics,2012,24(2/3):59-77.
[28] Zheng H B,Huang H,Chen C,Fu Z Q,Xu H Q,Tan S D,She W,Liao X L,Tang J W. Traditional symbiotic farming technology in China promotes the sustainability of a flooded rice production system. Sustainability Science,2017,12(1):155-161.
[29]高媛.农业生产性服务业发展对生态环境的影响——以安徽省为例[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2014.
[30] Salazar-Ordó1ez M,Rodríguez-Entrena M,Sayadi S. Agricultural sustainability from a societal view:an analysis of southern Spanish citizens.Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics,2013,26(2):473-490.
[31] Belton V. A comparison of the analytic hierarchy process and a simple multi-attribute value function. European Journal of Operational Research,1986,26(1):7-21.
[32] Harker P T,Vargas L G. Reply to“remarks on the Analytic Hierarchy Process”by J. S. Dyer. Management Science,1990,36(3):269-273.
[33] Saaty T L. An exposition on the AHP in reply to the paper“Remarks on the Analytic Hierarchy Process”. Management Science,1990,36(3):259-268.
[34] Saaty T L. Response to holder's comments on the analytic hierarchy process. Journal of the Operational Research Society,1991,42(10):909-914.
[35]曹执令.区域农业可持续发展指标体系的构建与评价——以衡阳市为例.经济地理,2012,32(8):113-116.
[36]马其芳,黄贤金,彭补拙,翟文侠,刘林旺.区域农业循环经济发展评价及其实证研究.自然资源学报,2005,20(6):891-899.
[37]吴开亚.巢湖流域农业循环经济发展的综合评价.中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(1):94-98.
[38]杜红梅,傅知凡.湖南农业循环经济发展评价体系及实证分析.经济地理,2016,(6):167-175.
[39]朱丕荣.国外重视农民文化科技素质的提高.世界农业,1993,(11):3-6.