GIAHS视角下崇义客家梯田系统景观空间格局特征分析
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摘要
以崇义客家梯田系统为研究对象,运用景观生态学理论和研究方法,在全球重要农业文化遗产视角下,对该系统整体景观格局特征进行分析,研究景观格局形成与当地农耕文化的内在联系。结果表明:1)以林地景观为主的优势类型突出,其次为梯田、普通农田、耕地、水域和居住用地,林地斑块数目最少,呈现相对破碎和连通度较大的特征,居民用地和耕地的斑块数量、斑块密度都比较大,破碎度较大,形状也比较复杂; 2)景观斑块面积<5 hm2的斑块数占斑块总数的91. 19%,景观面积的91. 24%又处于> 1 000 hm2的层次上,说明景观格局呈现少数几个大斑块集聚分布,以及众多小斑块交错分布的相对破碎的特征; 3)梯田、林地、采矿用地和草地多分布在较高海拔,水域、普通农田、居民用地、建设用地、滩涂和园地绝大部分都分布在300 m以下地带,随着海拔上升而递减,且在0～15°的坡度范围内集中分布,同时随着坡度的增加逐渐减少; 4)崇义客家梯田农业文化遗产地的"森林-草地-茶园-村庄-梯田-水流"垂直立体分布格局,形成了独特的物质流和能量流。
This paper took Chongyi County of Jiangxi Province County Heritage area as the research object,using landscape ecology theory and research methods,the overall landscape pattern characteristics of the system are analyzed from the perspective of global important agricultural cultural heritage,and the internal relationship between landscape pattern formation and local farming culture is studied. The results show that: 1) the dominant types of forestland landscape are prominent,followed by terraces,common farmland,cultivated land,waters and residential land. The number of forest patches is the least,showing relatively broken and connected features,residential land and cultivated land. The number of plaques and plaque density are relatively large,the degree of fragmentation is large,and the shape is more complicated. 2) The number of plaques with a landscape plaque area <5 hm2 accounts for 91. 19% of the total number of plaques,and 91. 24% of the landscape area is at> At the level of 1 000 hm2,the landscape pattern shows a small number of large plaque agglomeration distribution,and the relatively broken characteristics of many small plaques interlaced; 3) terraces,woodlands,mining land and grassland are mostly distributed at higher altitudes,waters,Most of the common farmland,residential land,construction land,tidal flats and gardens are distributed in the area below 300 m,decreasing with elevation,and concentrated in the slope range of 0 ～ 15°,and gradually decreasing with the increase of slope; 4) The vertical three-dimensional distribution pattern of "forest-grass-tea garden-village-terraced-water flow"in the Chongyi Hakka Terrace Agricultural Culture Heritage Site,forming a unique material flow and energy flow.
This paper took Chongyi County of Jiangxi Province County Heritage area as the research object,using landscape ecology theory and research methods,the overall landscape pattern characteristics of the system are analyzed from the perspective of global important agricultural cultural heritage,and the internal relationship between landscape pattern formation and local farming culture is studied. The results show that: 1) the dominant types of forestland landscape are prominent,followed by terraces,common farmland,cultivated land,waters and residential land. The number of forest patches is the least,showing relatively broken and connected features,residential land and cultivated land. The number of plaques and plaque density are relatively large,the degree of fragmentation is large,and the shape is more complicated. 2) The number of plaques with a landscape plaque area <5 hm2 accounts for 91. 19% of the total number of plaques,and 91. 24% of the landscape area is at> At the level of 1 000 hm2,the landscape pattern shows a small number of large plaque agglomeration distribution,and the relatively broken characteristics of many small plaques interlaced; 3) terraces,woodlands,mining land and grassland are mostly distributed at higher altitudes,waters,Most of the common farmland,residential land,construction land,tidal flats and gardens are distributed in the area below 300 m,decreasing with elevation,and concentrated in the slope range of 0 ～ 15°,and gradually decreasing with the increase of slope; 4) The vertical three-dimensional distribution pattern of "forest-grass-tea garden-village-terraced-water flow"in the Chongyi Hakka Terrace Agricultural Culture Heritage Site,forming a unique material flow and energy flow.
引文
[1]闵庆文,孙业红.全球重要农业文化遗产保护需要建立多方参与机制——“稻鱼共生系统多方参与机制研讨会”综述[J].古今农业,2006(3):116-119.
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[9]张先平,程新生,王小岗,等.山西森林景观空间格局分析[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2015,38(4):731-738.
[10] Ambica Paliwal,Vinod Bihari Mathur. Spatial pattern analysis for quantification of landscape structure of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve,Central India[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2014,25(1):185-192.
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[12]叶其炎,夏幽泉,杨树华.云南高原山区农业景观空间格局分析[J].水土保持研究,2006(2):27-31.
[13]郭琳,宋戈,张远景,等.基于最佳分析粒度的巴彦县土地利用景观空间格局分析[J].资源科学,2013,35(10):2052-2060.
[14]何东进,洪伟,胡海清,等.武夷山风景名胜区景观空间格局变化及其干扰效应模拟[J].生态学报,2004(8):1602-1610.
[15]欧立业,马海州,沙占江,等.基于GIS的柴达木盆地景观空间格局分析[J].干旱区研究,2004(3):280-285.
[16]胡伟芳,张永勋,王维奇,等.联合梯田农业文化遗产地景观特征与景观资源利用[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1752-1760.
[17]缪建群,杨文亭,杨滨娟,等.崇义客家梯田区生态系统服务功能及价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(11):1817-1831.
[18]傅伯杰,陈利顶.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:202-207.
[19]刘家福,王平,李京.土地利用格局景观指数算法与应用[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(1):107-109.
[20]彭建,王仰麟,张源.土地利用分类对景观格局指数的影响[J].地理学报,2006,61(2):157-168.
[21]孙娟,蓝崇任,夏汉平.基于Quick Bird卫星影像的贵港市城市景观格局分析[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(1):50-54.
[22]谈文琦,徐建华,岳文泽.上海城市土地利用格局的景观生态学分析[J].生态科学,2004,23(2):114-117.
[23]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:97-118.
[24]徐建华,方创琳,岳文泽.基于RS与GIS的区域景观镶嵌结构研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(2):365-375.
[25] Forman R T T,Godron M. Landscape Ecology[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1986,41(3):179.
[26]马克明,傅伯杰.北京东灵山区景观类型空间邻接与分布规律[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):748-752.
[2]崔峰,王思明,赵英.新疆坎儿井的农业文化遗产价值及其保护利用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(2):47-55.
[3]胡兴兴,闵庆文,赖格英,等.农业文化遗产非使用价值支付意愿的区域差异——以江西崇义客家梯田系统为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(4):737-746.
[4]宋繁,邹宏霞.农业文化遗产保护与居民经济收入相关研究——以龙脊梯田为研究对象[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2016,1(10):79-83.
[5]孙业红,闵庆文,成升魁.“稻鱼共生系统”全球重要农业文化遗产价值研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2008(4):991-994.
[6]任洪昌,林贤彪,王纯.地方认同视角下居民对农业文化遗产认知及保护态度研究——以福州茉莉花与茶文化系统为例[J].生态学报,2015,35(20):1-11.
[7]高杨,吴志峰,刘晓南,等.珠江三角洲景观空间格局分析[J].热带地理,2008(1):26-31.
[8]张本昀,申怀飞,郑敬刚,等.河南省土地利用景观格局分析[J].资源科学,2009,31(2):317-323.
[9]张先平,程新生,王小岗,等.山西森林景观空间格局分析[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2015,38(4):731-738.
[10] Ambica Paliwal,Vinod Bihari Mathur. Spatial pattern analysis for quantification of landscape structure of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve,Central India[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2014,25(1):185-192.
[11] Koffi K J,Deblauwe V,Sibomana S,et al. Spatial Pattern analysis as a focus of landscape ecology to support evaluation of human impact on landscapes and diversity[J]. European Journal of Anaesthesiology,2007,22(S34):7-32.
[12]叶其炎,夏幽泉,杨树华.云南高原山区农业景观空间格局分析[J].水土保持研究,2006(2):27-31.
[13]郭琳,宋戈,张远景,等.基于最佳分析粒度的巴彦县土地利用景观空间格局分析[J].资源科学,2013,35(10):2052-2060.
[14]何东进,洪伟,胡海清,等.武夷山风景名胜区景观空间格局变化及其干扰效应模拟[J].生态学报,2004(8):1602-1610.
[15]欧立业,马海州,沙占江,等.基于GIS的柴达木盆地景观空间格局分析[J].干旱区研究,2004(3):280-285.
[16]胡伟芳,张永勋,王维奇,等.联合梯田农业文化遗产地景观特征与景观资源利用[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(12):1752-1760.
[17]缪建群,杨文亭,杨滨娟,等.崇义客家梯田区生态系统服务功能及价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(11):1817-1831.
[18]傅伯杰,陈利顶.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:202-207.
[19]刘家福,王平,李京.土地利用格局景观指数算法与应用[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(1):107-109.
[20]彭建,王仰麟,张源.土地利用分类对景观格局指数的影响[J].地理学报,2006,61(2):157-168.
[21]孙娟,蓝崇任,夏汉平.基于Quick Bird卫星影像的贵港市城市景观格局分析[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(1):50-54.
[22]谈文琦,徐建华,岳文泽.上海城市土地利用格局的景观生态学分析[J].生态科学,2004,23(2):114-117.
[23]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:97-118.
[24]徐建华,方创琳,岳文泽.基于RS与GIS的区域景观镶嵌结构研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(2):365-375.
[25] Forman R T T,Godron M. Landscape Ecology[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1986,41(3):179.
[26]马克明,傅伯杰.北京东灵山区景观类型空间邻接与分布规律[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):748-752.