湿玉米纤维饲料的营养价值评定
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摘要
试验通过对湿玉米纤维饲料(WCGF)与常用粗饲料(羊草、全株玉米青贮和苜蓿),以及与玉米营养成分进行比较,对WCGF营养价值进行系统的评定。通过开展WCGF与3种常用粗饲料(羊草、全株玉米青贮和苜蓿),以及与玉米的化学组分、氨基酸组成、瘤胃降解率进行比较研究。试验结果表明:与常用粗饲料相比,WCGF粗蛋白(CP)高于羊草和玉米青贮(P<0.05)。中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和钙(Ca)处于最低水平(P<0.05),而磷(P)含量处于最高水平,不可利用纤维(CC)(%CHO)含量低(P<0.05),谷氨酸(Glu)、亮氨酸(Leu)和脯氨酸(Pro)则高于其他3种常用粗饲料(P<0.05)。有效降解CP和有效降解NDF均高于其他3种常用粗饲料(P<0.05);与玉米营养成分相比,WC-GF淀粉含量显著低于玉米(P<0.05);CP、NDF、ADF、P和灰分含量显著高于玉米(P<0.05);WCGF氨基酸含量、中度降解蛋白(PB2)(%CP)、可利用纤维(CB2)(%CHO)和有效降解CP显著高于玉米(P<0.05)。结论:WCGF含有较高含量的可消化纤维、粗蛋白和氨基酸,是理想的非饲草的纤维性饲料。
This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional values of wet corn gluten feed(WCGF),three kinds of commonly used roughage(Chinese wildrye,corn silage and alfalfa) and corn were usedas references.The study of comparing WCGF with commonly used roughage [(Chinese wildrye,corn si-lage and alfalfa hay) and corn],to evaluate the nutritional values of WCGF,and further analyze thecompositions of amino acids,rumen degradation rate.The results showed that the CP content of WCGFwas higher than that of Chinese wildrye and corn silage(P<0.05).The NDF,ADF and Ca contents ofWCGF were in the lowest levels(P<0.05) when compared with other roughages;while the P content ofWCGF was in the highest level(P<0.05).The percentage of unavailable fiber(CC) of WCGF was lowerthan the other three kinds of commonly roughage(P<0.05).The contents of glutamic acid(Glu),leu-cine(Leu) and proline(Pro) of WCGF were higher than those of other roughages(P<0.05).The CP ef-fective degradation rate and the NDF effective degradation rate of WCGF were higher than other threekinds forage(P<0.05).The CP,NDF,ADF,P and Ash were higher than corn(P<0.05).The amino ac-id of WCGF,percentage of crude protein in the feedstuff that was intermediately degraded protein,per-centage of carbohydrate of the feedstuff that was available fiber and CP effective degradation rate werehigher than corn(P<0.05).Therefore,it was concluded that:WCGF contained more rapidly digestiblefiber,CP and amino acids,which might be used as a potential fibrous forage resources.
This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional values of wet corn gluten feed(WCGF),three kinds of commonly used roughage(Chinese wildrye,corn silage and alfalfa) and corn were usedas references.The study of comparing WCGF with commonly used roughage [(Chinese wildrye,corn si-lage and alfalfa hay) and corn],to evaluate the nutritional values of WCGF,and further analyze thecompositions of amino acids,rumen degradation rate.The results showed that the CP content of WCGFwas higher than that of Chinese wildrye and corn silage(P<0.05).The NDF,ADF and Ca contents ofWCGF were in the lowest levels(P<0.05) when compared with other roughages;while the P content ofWCGF was in the highest level(P<0.05).The percentage of unavailable fiber(CC) of WCGF was lowerthan the other three kinds of commonly roughage(P<0.05).The contents of glutamic acid(Glu),leu-cine(Leu) and proline(Pro) of WCGF were higher than those of other roughages(P<0.05).The CP ef-fective degradation rate and the NDF effective degradation rate of WCGF were higher than other threekinds forage(P<0.05).The CP,NDF,ADF,P and Ash were higher than corn(P<0.05).The amino ac-id of WCGF,percentage of crude protein in the feedstuff that was intermediately degraded protein,per-centage of carbohydrate of the feedstuff that was available fiber and CP effective degradation rate werehigher than corn(P<0.05).Therefore,it was concluded that:WCGF contained more rapidly digestiblefiber,CP and amino acids,which might be used as a potential fibrous forage resources.
引文
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[10]Bernard J,Delost R,Mueller F,et al.Effect of wet or dry corn gluten feed on nutrient digestibility and milk yield and composition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(11):3913-3919.
[11]Armentano L,Dentine M.Wet corn gluten feed as a supplement for lactating dairy cattle and growing heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(4):990-995.
[12]Gunderson S L,Aguilar A,Johnson D,et al.Nutritional value of wet corn gluten feed for sheep and lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(5):1204-1210.
[13]Hidden P.Corn Gluten Feed[M].Non-Traditional Feeds for Use in Swine Production,1992:131.
[14]Kononoff P J,Ivan S,Klopfenstein T J.Estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(5):2377-2385.
[15]Sarwar M,Firkins J,Eastridge M.Effect of replacing neutral detergent fiber of forage with soyhulls and corn gluten feed for dairy heifers1,2[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(3):1006-1017.
[16]Herold D,Klemesrud M,Klopfenstein T J,et al.Solvent-extracted germ meal,corn bran and steep liquor blends for finishing steers[R].Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports,1998:337.
[17]Sindt J,Drouillard J,Thippareddi H,et al.Evaluation of finishing performance,carcass characteristics,acid-resistant E.coli and total coliforms from steers fed combinations of wet corn gluten feed and steam-flaked corn[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(12):3328-3335.
[18]Montgomery S P,Drouillard J,Titgemeyer E,et al.Effects of wet corn gluten feed and intake level on diet digestibility and ruminal passage rate in steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(12):3526-3536.
[19]汪沐.玉米加工副产品及在饲料中的应用[J].国外畜牧学:饲料,1993(6):13-14.
[20]孟宪梅,余平,孟宪海.玉米深加工副产品的转化及在饲料中的应用[J].饲料工业,1998,19(12):33-35.
[21]卢敏,王成刚,任恩科,等.玉米湿磨副产品的营养价值及在饲料中的应用[J].饲料工业,1998,19(11):26-27.
[2]Hoffman P C.Corn gluten feed[M].University of Wisconsin--Extension,1991.
[3]Vanbaale M J,Scheffel M V,Titgemeyer E C,et al.Evaluation of wet corn gluten feed as an ingredient in diets for lactating dairy cows[R].Report of progress(Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service),842,2011.
[4]曲永利,吴健豪,李铁.应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定东北农区奶牛饲料营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):201-206.
[5]林春建,冯仰廉.尼龙袋法评定饲料在反刍动物瘤胃内蛋白质降解率[J].中国农业大学学报,1987(3):18.
[6]Hong S,Lee B,Choi N,et al.Effects of enzyme application method and levels and pre-treatment times on rumen fermentation,nutrient degradation and digestion in goats and steers[J].Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2003,16(3):389-393.
[7]夏科,姚庆,李富国,等.奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):769-777.
[8]Allen M,Voelker J,Oba M.Physically effective fiber and regulation of ruminal p H:More than just chewing[M].Production Diseases in Farm Animals.NP Joshi and TH Herdt,ed.Wageningen Academic Publishers,Wageningen,the Netherlands,2006:270-278.
[9]Staples C,Davis C,Mccoy G,et al.Feeding value of wet corn gluten feed for lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1984,67(6):1214-1220.
[10]Bernard J,Delost R,Mueller F,et al.Effect of wet or dry corn gluten feed on nutrient digestibility and milk yield and composition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(11):3913-3919.
[11]Armentano L,Dentine M.Wet corn gluten feed as a supplement for lactating dairy cattle and growing heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(4):990-995.
[12]Gunderson S L,Aguilar A,Johnson D,et al.Nutritional value of wet corn gluten feed for sheep and lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(5):1204-1210.
[13]Hidden P.Corn Gluten Feed[M].Non-Traditional Feeds for Use in Swine Production,1992:131.
[14]Kononoff P J,Ivan S,Klopfenstein T J.Estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(5):2377-2385.
[15]Sarwar M,Firkins J,Eastridge M.Effect of replacing neutral detergent fiber of forage with soyhulls and corn gluten feed for dairy heifers1,2[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(3):1006-1017.
[16]Herold D,Klemesrud M,Klopfenstein T J,et al.Solvent-extracted germ meal,corn bran and steep liquor blends for finishing steers[R].Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports,1998:337.
[17]Sindt J,Drouillard J,Thippareddi H,et al.Evaluation of finishing performance,carcass characteristics,acid-resistant E.coli and total coliforms from steers fed combinations of wet corn gluten feed and steam-flaked corn[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(12):3328-3335.
[18]Montgomery S P,Drouillard J,Titgemeyer E,et al.Effects of wet corn gluten feed and intake level on diet digestibility and ruminal passage rate in steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,2004,82(12):3526-3536.
[19]汪沐.玉米加工副产品及在饲料中的应用[J].国外畜牧学:饲料,1993(6):13-14.
[20]孟宪梅,余平,孟宪海.玉米深加工副产品的转化及在饲料中的应用[J].饲料工业,1998,19(12):33-35.
[21]卢敏,王成刚,任恩科,等.玉米湿磨副产品的营养价值及在饲料中的应用[J].饲料工业,1998,19(11):26-27.