发酵湿玉米纤维饲料同常用粗饲料在瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率上的比较研究
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摘要
试验旨在研究发酵湿玉米纤维饲料同常用粗饲料在瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率的异同点。选用2头体重550 kg左右,安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,采用常规方法测定发酵湿玉米纤维饲料(FWCGF)、湿玉米纤维饲料(WCGF)、苜蓿和全株玉米青贮的营养价值,采用尼龙袋法和三步体外法测定4种饲料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃降解率以及瘤胃非降解蛋白(RUP)的小肠消化率。试验结果表明:(1)FWCGF的CP含量显著高于WCGF、苜蓿和全株玉米青贮(P<0.05);苜蓿的SP、NPN、NDICP和ADF含量最高,FWCGF的ADF含量显著低于WCGF(P<0.05);FWCGF的EE含量显著高于WCGF的EE含量(P<0.05)。(2)4种饲料的DM瘤胃降解率和有效降解率由高到低的顺序是FWCGF>WCGF>苜蓿>全株玉米青贮;4种饲料的CP有效降解率由高到低的顺序是FWCGF>WCGF>全株玉米青贮>苜蓿;4种饲料的NDF有效降解率由高到低的顺序是全株玉米青贮>苜蓿>FWCGF>WCGF。(3)WCGF和FWCGF的RUP小肠消化率和小肠可消化蛋白质差异不显著(P>0.05),苜蓿最高。综上可以得出,FWCGF和WCGF均含有高含量的可利用蛋白质和可利用纤维,并且FWCGF可以提高可利用蛋白的含量,有较高的DM和CP的瘤胃降解率,通过酿酒酵母发酵处理可有效保持WCGF的营养成分。
The objectives of this study were to re-search the effect of rumen degradability characteristics and intestinal digestibility of fermentedwet corn gluten feed and dairy cattle roughages.The nutritional value of fermented wet corn gluten feed(FWCGF), wet corn gluten feed(WCGF), alfalfa and whole plant corn silage was determined by conventional methods. Two ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging 550 kg of body weight were used to evaluate ruminal degradability ofdry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF), intestinal digestibility of RUP us-ing Nylon bag trial and three-step in vitro procedure.(1) The CP content of FWCGF was significantlyhigher than that of WCGF, alfalfa and whole plant corn silage(P<0.05). The content of SP, NPN, ADFand NDICP in alfalfa was the highest, The EE content of FWCGF was significantly higher than that ofWCGF(P<0.05).(2) The order of DM rumen degradability and effective degradation rate of four kindsof feed was FWCGF>WCGF>alfalfa>whole plant corn silage. The rumen degradability of NDF of alfalfa and whole plant corn silage was significantly higher than that of FWCGF and WCGF(P<0.05). The NDF effective degradation rate of four kinds of feed from high to low was whole plant corn silage>alfal-fa>FWCGF>WCGF.(3) The intestinal digestibility of RUP and the digestible protein in small intestineof WCGF and FWCGF were not significantly different(P>0.05), and the highest was alfalfa. In conclusion, FWCGF and WCGF both contain high content of available protein and available fiber, and FWC-GF can increase available protein content and higher rumen degradation rate of DM and CP, it was effective to maintain the nutrition content of WCGF by yeast fermentation treatment.
The objectives of this study were to re-search the effect of rumen degradability characteristics and intestinal digestibility of fermentedwet corn gluten feed and dairy cattle roughages.The nutritional value of fermented wet corn gluten feed(FWCGF), wet corn gluten feed(WCGF), alfalfa and whole plant corn silage was determined by conventional methods. Two ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging 550 kg of body weight were used to evaluate ruminal degradability ofdry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF), intestinal digestibility of RUP us-ing Nylon bag trial and three-step in vitro procedure.(1) The CP content of FWCGF was significantlyhigher than that of WCGF, alfalfa and whole plant corn silage(P<0.05). The content of SP, NPN, ADFand NDICP in alfalfa was the highest, The EE content of FWCGF was significantly higher than that ofWCGF(P<0.05).(2) The order of DM rumen degradability and effective degradation rate of four kindsof feed was FWCGF>WCGF>alfalfa>whole plant corn silage. The rumen degradability of NDF of alfalfa and whole plant corn silage was significantly higher than that of FWCGF and WCGF(P<0.05). The NDF effective degradation rate of four kinds of feed from high to low was whole plant corn silage>alfal-fa>FWCGF>WCGF.(3) The intestinal digestibility of RUP and the digestible protein in small intestineof WCGF and FWCGF were not significantly different(P>0.05), and the highest was alfalfa. In conclusion, FWCGF and WCGF both contain high content of available protein and available fiber, and FWC-GF can increase available protein content and higher rumen degradation rate of DM and CP, it was effective to maintain the nutrition content of WCGF by yeast fermentation treatment.
引文
[1]潘春方.湿玉米纤维饲料在奶牛生产中的应用及其保存技术的研究[D].东北农业大学,2014.
[2]Hannah S M,Paterson J A,Williams J E,et al.Effects of corn vs corn gluten feed on site,extent and ruminal rate of forage digestion and on rate and efficiency of gain[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(8):2536-2545.
[3]Firkins J L,Eastridge M L,Palmquist D L.Replacement of Corn Silage with Corn Gluten Feed and Sodium Bicarbonate for Lactating Dairy Cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(6):1944-1952.
[4]刘文娟,许丽,李红宇,等.湿玉米纤维饲料中添加双乙酸钠对其体外培养瘤胃液主要发酵指标及防腐保鲜效果的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(5):36-40.
[5]王楠,许丽,李红宇,等.不同水平酿酒酵母处理玉米浆对玉米秸秆发酵品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(17):44-48.
[6]Council N.Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle:Seventh Revised Edition[C].National Research Council,Washington D.C.,2001.
[7]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis[M].13thed.Washington D.C.:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1980.
[8]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for Dietary Fiber,Neutral Detergent Fiber,and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[9]张旭,蒋桂韬,王向荣,等.酶法测定谷物副产品中淀粉含量[J].广东饲料,2013,22(10):33-35.
[10]Sniffen C J,O’Connorj D,Van Soest P J,et al.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:Ⅱ.Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(11):3562-3577.
[11]Nuez Ortín W G,Yu Pei Qiang.Estimation of ruminal and intestinal digestion profiles,hourly effective degradation ratio and potential N to energy synchronization of co-products from bioethanol processing[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2010,90(12):2058-2067.
[12]宫福臣,韩梅琳,杨琼,等.菌糠与奶牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性的对比研究[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(6):1366-1374.
[13]Mcdonald I.A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1981,96(1):251-252.
[14]Chumpawadee S.Degradation characteristic of tomato pomace,soybean hull and peanut pod in the rumen using nylon bag technique[J].Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,2009,8(11):1717-1721.
[15]Gargallo S,Calsamiglia S,Ferret A.Technical note:a modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of proteins[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(8):2163-2167.
[16]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].修订第3版.中国农业出版社,2007.
[17]Biricik H,Gencoglu H,Bozan B,et al.The effect of dry corn gluten feed on chewing activities and rumen parameters in lactating dairy cows[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2010,6(1):61-70.
[18]王雅波,刘占英,兰辉,等.酵母菌发酵玉米皮制备菌体蛋白饲料[J].中国饲料,2017(4):31-33.
[19]张秋华,张敏.酵母菌发酵杂粕生产生物菌体蛋白饲料初探[J].中国饲料,2010(2):32-34.
[20]林谦,戴求仲,蒋桂韬,等.玉米及其加工副产品的营养价值评定[J].中国饲料,2013(4):18-21.
[21]惠文森,王康英,申晓蓉,等.酵母菌发酵玉米秸秆试验研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):180-185.
[22]刁其玉,屠焰.奶牛常用饲料蛋白质在瘤胃的降解参数[J].乳业科学与技术,2005,27(2):70-74.
[23]Kaske M,Engelhardt W V.The effect of size and density on mean retention time of particles in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1990,63(3):457-465.
[24]Mullins C R.Feeding high levels of wet corn gluten feed to dairy cattle[J].Kansas State University,2009.
[25]Kononoff P J,Ivan S K,Klopfenstein T J.Estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(5):2377-2385.
[26]Hristov A N,Ahvenjarvi S,Mcallister T A,et al.Composition and digestive tract retention time of ruminal particles with functional specific gravity greater or less than 1.02[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(10):2639-2648.
[27]孟庆翔.奶牛营养需要[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.
[28]Taghizadeh A,Danesh M M,Valizadeh R,et al.Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and intestine of steers measured using a mobile nylon bag technique[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(5):1807-1814.
[2]Hannah S M,Paterson J A,Williams J E,et al.Effects of corn vs corn gluten feed on site,extent and ruminal rate of forage digestion and on rate and efficiency of gain[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(8):2536-2545.
[3]Firkins J L,Eastridge M L,Palmquist D L.Replacement of Corn Silage with Corn Gluten Feed and Sodium Bicarbonate for Lactating Dairy Cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(6):1944-1952.
[4]刘文娟,许丽,李红宇,等.湿玉米纤维饲料中添加双乙酸钠对其体外培养瘤胃液主要发酵指标及防腐保鲜效果的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(5):36-40.
[5]王楠,许丽,李红宇,等.不同水平酿酒酵母处理玉米浆对玉米秸秆发酵品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(17):44-48.
[6]Council N.Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle:Seventh Revised Edition[C].National Research Council,Washington D.C.,2001.
[7]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis[M].13thed.Washington D.C.:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1980.
[8]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for Dietary Fiber,Neutral Detergent Fiber,and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[9]张旭,蒋桂韬,王向荣,等.酶法测定谷物副产品中淀粉含量[J].广东饲料,2013,22(10):33-35.
[10]Sniffen C J,O’Connorj D,Van Soest P J,et al.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:Ⅱ.Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(11):3562-3577.
[11]Nuez Ortín W G,Yu Pei Qiang.Estimation of ruminal and intestinal digestion profiles,hourly effective degradation ratio and potential N to energy synchronization of co-products from bioethanol processing[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2010,90(12):2058-2067.
[12]宫福臣,韩梅琳,杨琼,等.菌糠与奶牛常用粗饲料瘤胃降解特性的对比研究[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(6):1366-1374.
[13]Mcdonald I.A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1981,96(1):251-252.
[14]Chumpawadee S.Degradation characteristic of tomato pomace,soybean hull and peanut pod in the rumen using nylon bag technique[J].Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,2009,8(11):1717-1721.
[15]Gargallo S,Calsamiglia S,Ferret A.Technical note:a modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of proteins[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(8):2163-2167.
[16]冯仰廉,陆治年.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].修订第3版.中国农业出版社,2007.
[17]Biricik H,Gencoglu H,Bozan B,et al.The effect of dry corn gluten feed on chewing activities and rumen parameters in lactating dairy cows[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2010,6(1):61-70.
[18]王雅波,刘占英,兰辉,等.酵母菌发酵玉米皮制备菌体蛋白饲料[J].中国饲料,2017(4):31-33.
[19]张秋华,张敏.酵母菌发酵杂粕生产生物菌体蛋白饲料初探[J].中国饲料,2010(2):32-34.
[20]林谦,戴求仲,蒋桂韬,等.玉米及其加工副产品的营养价值评定[J].中国饲料,2013(4):18-21.
[21]惠文森,王康英,申晓蓉,等.酵母菌发酵玉米秸秆试验研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):180-185.
[22]刁其玉,屠焰.奶牛常用饲料蛋白质在瘤胃的降解参数[J].乳业科学与技术,2005,27(2):70-74.
[23]Kaske M,Engelhardt W V.The effect of size and density on mean retention time of particles in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1990,63(3):457-465.
[24]Mullins C R.Feeding high levels of wet corn gluten feed to dairy cattle[J].Kansas State University,2009.
[25]Kononoff P J,Ivan S K,Klopfenstein T J.Estimation of the proportion of feed protein digested in the small intestine of cattle consuming wet corn gluten feed[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(5):2377-2385.
[26]Hristov A N,Ahvenjarvi S,Mcallister T A,et al.Composition and digestive tract retention time of ruminal particles with functional specific gravity greater or less than 1.02[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(10):2639-2648.
[27]孟庆翔.奶牛营养需要[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.
[28]Taghizadeh A,Danesh M M,Valizadeh R,et al.Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and intestine of steers measured using a mobile nylon bag technique[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(5):1807-1814.