养殖方式及品种对绒山羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响
|
摘要
为研究不同养殖方式及品种对绒山羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响,本试验采用自然放牧和放牧补饲2种养殖方式,以阿尔巴斯型绒山羊和大青山型绒山羊为试验动物,测定了瘤胃液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度的变化。结果显示,不同养殖方式下,补饲组(II组)瘤胃液pH低于自然放牧组(I组),差异不显著(P>0.05);同在放牧条件下,大青山型(I组)瘤胃液pH高于阿尔巴斯型(III组)。补饲组(II组)瘤胃液中的NH3-N和VFA浓度均高于放牧组(I组),且差异极显著(P<0.01),但2组间的乙酸/丙酸差异不显著(P>0.05);I组和III组间的NH3-N和VFA浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。由于精料的添加,补饲组绒山羊瘤胃发酵特性受到影响,瘤胃微生物促进了对日粮中氮源的利用,而且不同品种类型间的瘤胃发酵特性也存在一定的差异性。
To research the effects of different feeding patterns and varieties on rumen fermentation characteristics of cashmere goat,two feeding methods were used,natural grazing and grazing feeding,to raise Alpas-type cashmere goat and Daqingshan-type cashmere goat to determine the changes of pH,ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)and volatile fatty acid(VFA)in rumen.The results showed that the pH of the rumen fluid in the feeding group(group II)was significantly lower than that in the natural grazing group(group I)(P=0.05);under the same grazing conditions,the pH value of the rumen fluid in the Daqingshan type(group I)was significantly higher than that in the Alba group(group III).The concentration of NH3-N and VFA in the rumen fluid of the feeding group(group II)was higher than that of the grazing group(group I),and the difference was significant(P<0.01),but the difference of acetic acid/propionic acid between the two groups was not significant(P> 0.05).and there was no significant difference in NH3-N and VFA concentrations between group I and III(P>0.05).As a result of the addition of concentrate,the rumen fermentation characteristics of the cashmere goats were affected.Rumen microbes promoted the use of nitrogen sources in diets,and there were also some differences in rumen fermentation characteristics among different varieties.
To research the effects of different feeding patterns and varieties on rumen fermentation characteristics of cashmere goat,two feeding methods were used,natural grazing and grazing feeding,to raise Alpas-type cashmere goat and Daqingshan-type cashmere goat to determine the changes of pH,ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)and volatile fatty acid(VFA)in rumen.The results showed that the pH of the rumen fluid in the feeding group(group II)was significantly lower than that in the natural grazing group(group I)(P=0.05);under the same grazing conditions,the pH value of the rumen fluid in the Daqingshan type(group I)was significantly higher than that in the Alba group(group III).The concentration of NH3-N and VFA in the rumen fluid of the feeding group(group II)was higher than that of the grazing group(group I),and the difference was significant(P<0.01),but the difference of acetic acid/propionic acid between the two groups was not significant(P> 0.05).and there was no significant difference in NH3-N and VFA concentrations between group I and III(P>0.05).As a result of the addition of concentrate,the rumen fermentation characteristics of the cashmere goats were affected.Rumen microbes promoted the use of nitrogen sources in diets,and there were also some differences in rumen fermentation characteristics among different varieties.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国农业部.中国畜牧业年鉴2015[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015.
[2]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1993(4):40-41.
[3]秦为琳.应用气相色谱法测定挥发性脂肪酸的改进[J].南京农学院学报,1982(4):110-116.
[4]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[5]王娜,贾志海,卢德勋,等.内蒙古白绒山羊日粮适宜氮硫比的综合评定研究[J].动物营养学报,1999(S1):228-235.
[6]张建勋,刘江波,薛白,等.饲粮精粗比对南江黄羊瘤胃体外发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013(4):870-877.
[7]KONONOFF P J,HEINRICHS A J,LEHMAN H.A.The Effect of corn silage particle size on eating behavior,chewing activities,and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003(86):3 343-3 353.
[8]孙国平,闫素梅,荷花,等.不同饲养方式对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响[J].饲料工业,2013(13):51-54.
[9]韩帅,闫素梅,吴铁梅,等.饲养方式和品种对育肥羔羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2015(3):65-68.
[10]王月,王志新,李金泉,等.季节和地区对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015(7):65-69.
[11]SLYTER L L.Monensin and dichloroacetamide influences on methane and volatile fatty acid production by rumen bacteria in vitro[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1979,37(2):283-288.
[12]PRESTON T R,LENG R A.Matching ruminant production systems with available resources in the tropics and sub-tropics[J].Livestock Production Science,1988,19(3):532-533.
[13]AGLE M,HRISTOV A,ZAMAN S,et al.Effects of dietary concentrate on rumen fermentation,digestibility,and nitrogen losses in dairy coes[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(9):4 211-4 222.
[14]杨宏波,刘红,占今舜,等.不同精粗比颗粒饲料对断奶公犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):131-138.
[15]桂荣,玉兰,赵青山,等.稀土对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊瘤胃发酵、消化代谢及其生产性能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1995(6):515-521.
[16]DOYLE P T,DOVE H,FREER M,et al.Effects of a concentrate supplement on the intake and digestion of a low quality forage by lambs[J].The Joumal of Agricultural Science,1988,111:503-511.
[17]刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1 069-1 077.
[18]李旺.瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸的作用及影响因素[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012(7):63-66.
[19]刘晓牧,王中华,李福昌,等.精料水平对小尾寒羊瘤胃代谢的影响[J].山东农业大学学报,2002,33(4):471-476.
[20]王吉峰.日粮精粗比对奶牛消化代谢及乳脂肪酸成分影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2004.
[21]李洋,潘春方,李春雷,等.不同比例的湿玉米纤维饲料对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(1):44-48.
[2]冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1993(4):40-41.
[3]秦为琳.应用气相色谱法测定挥发性脂肪酸的改进[J].南京农学院学报,1982(4):110-116.
[4]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[5]王娜,贾志海,卢德勋,等.内蒙古白绒山羊日粮适宜氮硫比的综合评定研究[J].动物营养学报,1999(S1):228-235.
[6]张建勋,刘江波,薛白,等.饲粮精粗比对南江黄羊瘤胃体外发酵的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013(4):870-877.
[7]KONONOFF P J,HEINRICHS A J,LEHMAN H.A.The Effect of corn silage particle size on eating behavior,chewing activities,and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003(86):3 343-3 353.
[8]孙国平,闫素梅,荷花,等.不同饲养方式对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响[J].饲料工业,2013(13):51-54.
[9]韩帅,闫素梅,吴铁梅,等.饲养方式和品种对育肥羔羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2015(3):65-68.
[10]王月,王志新,李金泉,等.季节和地区对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015(7):65-69.
[11]SLYTER L L.Monensin and dichloroacetamide influences on methane and volatile fatty acid production by rumen bacteria in vitro[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1979,37(2):283-288.
[12]PRESTON T R,LENG R A.Matching ruminant production systems with available resources in the tropics and sub-tropics[J].Livestock Production Science,1988,19(3):532-533.
[13]AGLE M,HRISTOV A,ZAMAN S,et al.Effects of dietary concentrate on rumen fermentation,digestibility,and nitrogen losses in dairy coes[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(9):4 211-4 222.
[14]杨宏波,刘红,占今舜,等.不同精粗比颗粒饲料对断奶公犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):131-138.
[15]桂荣,玉兰,赵青山,等.稀土对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊瘤胃发酵、消化代谢及其生产性能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1995(6):515-521.
[16]DOYLE P T,DOVE H,FREER M,et al.Effects of a concentrate supplement on the intake and digestion of a low quality forage by lambs[J].The Joumal of Agricultural Science,1988,111:503-511.
[17]刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1 069-1 077.
[18]李旺.瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸的作用及影响因素[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012(7):63-66.
[19]刘晓牧,王中华,李福昌,等.精料水平对小尾寒羊瘤胃代谢的影响[J].山东农业大学学报,2002,33(4):471-476.
[20]王吉峰.日粮精粗比对奶牛消化代谢及乳脂肪酸成分影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2004.
[21]李洋,潘春方,李春雷,等.不同比例的湿玉米纤维饲料对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(1):44-48.