基于体外培养法研究不同GI指数的粗饲料与精饲料之间组合效应
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摘要
通过体外(in vitro)培养法研究了湖北地区不同分级指数(grading index, GI)的粗饲料及粗饲料与精饲料之间的组合效应。结果表明:粗饲料之间按照1∶1组合出现了明显的正组合效应。以组合效应多项指标综合指数(multiple-factors associative effects index, MFAEI)来比较,玉米(Zea mays)青贮和羊草(Leymus chinensis)组合效应最明显,为1.40;其次为玉米青贮和啤酒糟组合,MFAEI为1.07;羊草和稻秸组合最低,MFAEI为0.52。此外,不同组合粗料与精料之间也出现了明显的正组合效应。其中以玉米青贮、羊草和精料组合最为明显,MFAEI为0.37;玉米青贮、啤酒糟和精料组合最低,MFAEI为0.24。这说明,在生产实践中,利用GI指数结合组合效应对粗饲料和精饲料合理搭配使用,可充分发挥正组合效应,控制负组合效应,防止饲料浪费,提高动物生产性能。
In vitro method were used in this experiment to study the relationship between different types of roughage and different roughage and concentrate feed combinations with various GI indexes. The results of this study will provide important information that can be used to match feed and diet when preparing for production. For the multiple-factors associative effects index(MFAEI), corn silage and Leymus chinensis had the highest combination effect(1.40), followed by corn silage and brewer's grains(1.07). The combination of L. chinensis and rice straw was the lowest, with an MFAEI of0.52. In addition, positive combination effects were observed between different roughage and concentrate combinations.Among them, the corn silage and L. chinensis concentrate had the highest MFAEI(0.37), followed by the L. chinensis and rice straw concentrate(0.36). The corn silage and beer lees concentrate was the lowest with an MFAEI of 0.24. This shows that in production practice, the GI index can be used together with the combination effect to make rational use of roughage and concentrate. This increases positive associative effects, controls negative associative effects, prevents feed waste, and improves animal production performance.
In vitro method were used in this experiment to study the relationship between different types of roughage and different roughage and concentrate feed combinations with various GI indexes. The results of this study will provide important information that can be used to match feed and diet when preparing for production. For the multiple-factors associative effects index(MFAEI), corn silage and Leymus chinensis had the highest combination effect(1.40), followed by corn silage and brewer's grains(1.07). The combination of L. chinensis and rice straw was the lowest, with an MFAEI of0.52. In addition, positive combination effects were observed between different roughage and concentrate combinations.Among them, the corn silage and L. chinensis concentrate had the highest MFAEI(0.37), followed by the L. chinensis and rice straw concentrate(0.36). The corn silage and beer lees concentrate was the lowest with an MFAEI of 0.24. This shows that in production practice, the GI index can be used together with the combination effect to make rational use of roughage and concentrate. This increases positive associative effects, controls negative associative effects, prevents feed waste, and improves animal production performance.
引文
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[7]张轶凤,杨洪明,秦廷洋,李蓉,郭亮,高景,齐智利.常用粗饲料干物质和中性洗涤纤维在瘤胃中降解规律的研究.饲料工业,2018(3):59-64.ZHANG Y F,YANG H M,QIN T Y,LI R,GUO L,GAO J,QI Z L.Studies on DM and NDF digestible characteristics of common roughage in rumen.Siliao Gongye,2018(3):59-64.
[8]BLüMMEL M,SCHR?DER A,SüDEKUM K H,BECKER K.Estimating ruminal microbial efficiencies in silage-fed cattle:Comparison of an in vitro,method with a combination of in situ,and in vivo,measurements.Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,1999,81(2):57-67.
[9]张吉鹍.粗饲料分级指数参数的模型化及粗饲料科学搭配的组合效应研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学博士学位论文,2005.ZHANG J K.Modeling of the parameters of forage grading index and the combined effect of scientific combination of forage.PhDThesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agriculture University,2005.
[10]卢德勋.系统营养学导论.北京:中国农业出版社,2016LU D X.Introduction to Systemic Nutrition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2016.
[11]熊本海,卢德勋,许冬梅.利用体外法研究粗饲料的产气曲线及5种养分的发酵系数.畜牧兽医学报,2001,32(2):113-121.XIONG B H,LU D X,XU D M.In vitro on gas production curves and ingredients fermentating coefficients of the feedstuff.Acta Veterianria et Zootechnica Sinica,2001,32(2):113-121.
[12]中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,内蒙古畜牧科学院.NY/T 816-2004.肉羊饲养标准.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.Institute of Animal Husbandry,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Inner Mongolia Academy of Animal Husbandry.NY/T816-2004.Meat Sheep Feeding Standards.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2005.
[13]吴跃明,苏海涯,刘建新.反刍动物日粮中桑叶与饼粕类饲料间组合效应的研究.第四届全国饲料营养学术研讨会.南京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2002,11:29-36.WU Y M,SU H Y,LIU J X.Study on the effect of the combination of mulberry leaves and soybean meal feed ruminant animal diets.//The Fourth National Nutrition Symposium.Nanjing:Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2002,11:29-36.
[14]王旭.利用GI技术对粗饲料进行科学搭配及绵羊日粮配方系统优化技术的研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2003.WANG X.Research on scientific collocation of coarse feed using GI technology and optimization of sheep diet formulation system.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2003.
[15]张吉鹍,卢德勋,刘建新,包塞娜,邹庆华,刘庆华.粗饲料品质评定指数的研究现状及其进展.草业科学,2004,21(9):55-61.ZHANG J K,LU D X,LIU J X,BAO S N,ZOU Q H,LIU Q H.Advances in evaluation index on crude feed quality.Prataculutral Science,2004,21(9):55-61.
[16]卢德勋.乳牛围产期营养工程技术.乳业科学与技术,2002,25(3):31-34.LU D X.Perinatal nutrition engineering technology for dairy cattle.Dairy Science and Technology,2002,25(3):31-34.
[17]红敏,高民,卢德勋.粗饲料品质评定指数新一代分级指数的建立及与分级指数(GI 2001)和饲料相对值(RFV)的比较研究.畜牧与饲料科学,2011,23(9):143-146.HONG M,GAO M,LU D X.The establishment of a new generation grading index of roughage quality evaluation index and its comparison with grading index(GI 2001)and feed relative value(RFV).Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2011,23(9):143-146.
[18]刘峰,杜瑞平,高民.不同粗饲料品质(GI)与不同精料给量水平对奶牛生产性能影响的研究.畜牧与饲料科学,2012,33(5):13-17.LIU F,DU R P,GAO M.Effects of different roughage quality(GI)and different concentrate levels on the performance of dairy cows.Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2012,33(5):13-17.
[19]李乔仙,高月娥,亐开兴.砂仁茎叶饲用营养价值评定.畜牧与兽医,2016,48(10):61-63.LI Q X,GAO Y E,YU K X.The stems and leaves of forage nutritive value of Amomum.Assessment of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2016,48(10):61-63.
[20]李然,孙满吉,刘彩娟.不同粗饲料分级指数的粗饲料对奶山羊血液指标及产奶性能的影响.中国饲料,2010(15):8-12.LI R,SUN M J,LIU C J.The influence of roughage grading index on the blood index and milk performance of dairy goat.China Feed,2010(15):8-12.
[21]唐一国,龙瑞军,补小艳.反刍家畜饲料营养价值体外法评定研究进展.中国奶牛,2002(5):31-33.TANG Y G,LONG R J,BU X Y.Research progress on the evaluation of nutritional value of ruminant feed in vitro.Chinese Cows,2002(5):31-33.
[22]陶春卫.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定及其有效能值预测模型的建立.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学硕士学位论文,2009.TAO C W.Evaluation of ruminant nutritive value and the establishment of an effective energy value prediction model in ruminants.Master Thesis.Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2009.
[23]吴健平.水牛常用粗饲料科学搭配的组合效应研究.南宁:广西大学硕士学位论文,2010.WU J P.Research on the combination effect of buffalo's common forage scientific collocation.Master Thesis.Nanning:Guangxi University,2010.
[24]王东升,张露露.粗饲料分级指数在反刍动物营养方面的应用研究进展.江西饲料,2016(6):49-51.WANG D S,ZHANG L L.Application of roughage grading index in ruminant nutrition.Jiangxi Feed,2016(6):49-51.
[25]王艳菲,李春雷,潘春方.粗饲料分级指数技术在粗饲料品质评定中的研究及应用.中国饲料,2013(11):19-22.WANG Y F,LI C L,PAN C F.Research and application of roughage grading index technology in the quality evaluation of coarse fodder and its application.Chinese Feed,2013(11):19-22.
[26]张吉鹍,张震宇,李龙瑞.反刍动物粗饲料高效利用技术.饲料与畜牧:新饲料,2015(2):41-45.ZHANG J K,ZHANG Z Y,LI L R.High efficiency utilization technology of ruminant roughage.Feed and Animal Husbandry:New Feed,2015(2):41-45.
[27]杨志林,李秋凤,曹玉凤,高艳霞,李妍,李建国,李运起.体外产气法评定全株玉米青贮与谷草的组合效应研究.中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(3):698-707.YANG Z L,LI Q F,CAO Y F,GAO Y X,LI Y,LI J G,LI Y Q.Evaluation of associative effect of whole corn silage and millet straw by gad production technique in vitro.China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(3):698-707.
[2]张颖,黄必志,毛华明.粗饲料在反刍动物中的营养作用及其影响因素.中国动物保健,2005(6):31-33.ZHANG Y,HUANG B Z,MAO H M.The nutrition of ruminant in ruminant and its influencing factors.Chinese Animal Health Care,2005(6):31-33.
[3]靳玲品.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定方法的比较研究.北京:中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2013.JIN L P.A comparative study of the methods for evaluating the nutritional value of ruminant ruminants.Master Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2013.
[4]朱双,王法明,张爱忠.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定与组合优化配方的筛选.中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第七届中国饲料营养学术研讨会.郑州:中国农业大学出版社,2014:498-499.ZHU S,WANG F M,ZHANG A Z.Ruminant common roughage nutritional value evaluation and combination optimization formula screening.China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Society,Animal Nutrition Branch Seventh China Feed Nutrition Symposium.Zhengzhou:China Agricultural University Press,2014:498-499.
[5]王晶,王加启,卜登攀.2007-2008年国际反刍动物营养研究进展Ⅵ.粗饲料资源开发与利用.中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(3):13-18.WANG J,WANG J Q,BU D P.2007-2008 years'progress of ruminant nutrition research in the world.development and utilization of roughage resources.China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,2009,36(3):13-18.
[6]王加启,冯仰廉.不同来源可发酵碳水化合物和可降解氮合成瘤胃微生物蛋白质效率的研究.畜牧兽医学报,1996,27(2):97-104.WANG J Q,FENG Y L.Studies on the synthetic efficiencies of rumen microbial protein from various sources of fermentable carbohydrates and degradable nitrogen.Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,1996,27(2):97-104.
[7]张轶凤,杨洪明,秦廷洋,李蓉,郭亮,高景,齐智利.常用粗饲料干物质和中性洗涤纤维在瘤胃中降解规律的研究.饲料工业,2018(3):59-64.ZHANG Y F,YANG H M,QIN T Y,LI R,GUO L,GAO J,QI Z L.Studies on DM and NDF digestible characteristics of common roughage in rumen.Siliao Gongye,2018(3):59-64.
[8]BLüMMEL M,SCHR?DER A,SüDEKUM K H,BECKER K.Estimating ruminal microbial efficiencies in silage-fed cattle:Comparison of an in vitro,method with a combination of in situ,and in vivo,measurements.Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,1999,81(2):57-67.
[9]张吉鹍.粗饲料分级指数参数的模型化及粗饲料科学搭配的组合效应研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学博士学位论文,2005.ZHANG J K.Modeling of the parameters of forage grading index and the combined effect of scientific combination of forage.PhDThesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agriculture University,2005.
[10]卢德勋.系统营养学导论.北京:中国农业出版社,2016LU D X.Introduction to Systemic Nutrition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2016.
[11]熊本海,卢德勋,许冬梅.利用体外法研究粗饲料的产气曲线及5种养分的发酵系数.畜牧兽医学报,2001,32(2):113-121.XIONG B H,LU D X,XU D M.In vitro on gas production curves and ingredients fermentating coefficients of the feedstuff.Acta Veterianria et Zootechnica Sinica,2001,32(2):113-121.
[12]中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,内蒙古畜牧科学院.NY/T 816-2004.肉羊饲养标准.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.Institute of Animal Husbandry,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Inner Mongolia Academy of Animal Husbandry.NY/T816-2004.Meat Sheep Feeding Standards.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2005.
[13]吴跃明,苏海涯,刘建新.反刍动物日粮中桑叶与饼粕类饲料间组合效应的研究.第四届全国饲料营养学术研讨会.南京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2002,11:29-36.WU Y M,SU H Y,LIU J X.Study on the effect of the combination of mulberry leaves and soybean meal feed ruminant animal diets.//The Fourth National Nutrition Symposium.Nanjing:Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2002,11:29-36.
[14]王旭.利用GI技术对粗饲料进行科学搭配及绵羊日粮配方系统优化技术的研究.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2003.WANG X.Research on scientific collocation of coarse feed using GI technology and optimization of sheep diet formulation system.Master Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2003.
[15]张吉鹍,卢德勋,刘建新,包塞娜,邹庆华,刘庆华.粗饲料品质评定指数的研究现状及其进展.草业科学,2004,21(9):55-61.ZHANG J K,LU D X,LIU J X,BAO S N,ZOU Q H,LIU Q H.Advances in evaluation index on crude feed quality.Prataculutral Science,2004,21(9):55-61.
[16]卢德勋.乳牛围产期营养工程技术.乳业科学与技术,2002,25(3):31-34.LU D X.Perinatal nutrition engineering technology for dairy cattle.Dairy Science and Technology,2002,25(3):31-34.
[17]红敏,高民,卢德勋.粗饲料品质评定指数新一代分级指数的建立及与分级指数(GI 2001)和饲料相对值(RFV)的比较研究.畜牧与饲料科学,2011,23(9):143-146.HONG M,GAO M,LU D X.The establishment of a new generation grading index of roughage quality evaluation index and its comparison with grading index(GI 2001)and feed relative value(RFV).Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2011,23(9):143-146.
[18]刘峰,杜瑞平,高民.不同粗饲料品质(GI)与不同精料给量水平对奶牛生产性能影响的研究.畜牧与饲料科学,2012,33(5):13-17.LIU F,DU R P,GAO M.Effects of different roughage quality(GI)and different concentrate levels on the performance of dairy cows.Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2012,33(5):13-17.
[19]李乔仙,高月娥,亐开兴.砂仁茎叶饲用营养价值评定.畜牧与兽医,2016,48(10):61-63.LI Q X,GAO Y E,YU K X.The stems and leaves of forage nutritive value of Amomum.Assessment of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2016,48(10):61-63.
[20]李然,孙满吉,刘彩娟.不同粗饲料分级指数的粗饲料对奶山羊血液指标及产奶性能的影响.中国饲料,2010(15):8-12.LI R,SUN M J,LIU C J.The influence of roughage grading index on the blood index and milk performance of dairy goat.China Feed,2010(15):8-12.
[21]唐一国,龙瑞军,补小艳.反刍家畜饲料营养价值体外法评定研究进展.中国奶牛,2002(5):31-33.TANG Y G,LONG R J,BU X Y.Research progress on the evaluation of nutritional value of ruminant feed in vitro.Chinese Cows,2002(5):31-33.
[22]陶春卫.反刍动物常用粗饲料营养价值评定及其有效能值预测模型的建立.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学硕士学位论文,2009.TAO C W.Evaluation of ruminant nutritive value and the establishment of an effective energy value prediction model in ruminants.Master Thesis.Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2009.
[23]吴健平.水牛常用粗饲料科学搭配的组合效应研究.南宁:广西大学硕士学位论文,2010.WU J P.Research on the combination effect of buffalo's common forage scientific collocation.Master Thesis.Nanning:Guangxi University,2010.
[24]王东升,张露露.粗饲料分级指数在反刍动物营养方面的应用研究进展.江西饲料,2016(6):49-51.WANG D S,ZHANG L L.Application of roughage grading index in ruminant nutrition.Jiangxi Feed,2016(6):49-51.
[25]王艳菲,李春雷,潘春方.粗饲料分级指数技术在粗饲料品质评定中的研究及应用.中国饲料,2013(11):19-22.WANG Y F,LI C L,PAN C F.Research and application of roughage grading index technology in the quality evaluation of coarse fodder and its application.Chinese Feed,2013(11):19-22.
[26]张吉鹍,张震宇,李龙瑞.反刍动物粗饲料高效利用技术.饲料与畜牧:新饲料,2015(2):41-45.ZHANG J K,ZHANG Z Y,LI L R.High efficiency utilization technology of ruminant roughage.Feed and Animal Husbandry:New Feed,2015(2):41-45.
[27]杨志林,李秋凤,曹玉凤,高艳霞,李妍,李建国,李运起.体外产气法评定全株玉米青贮与谷草的组合效应研究.中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(3):698-707.YANG Z L,LI Q F,CAO Y F,GAO Y X,LI Y,LI J G,LI Y Q.Evaluation of associative effect of whole corn silage and millet straw by gad production technique in vitro.China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(3):698-707.